术中125I放射性粒子植入治疗胰腺癌18例

 目的　探讨125I放射性粒子术中植入近距离照射治疗中晚期胰腺癌的价值。方法　2003年5月至2007年6月行手术治疗胰腺癌75例,其中行肿瘤切除31例（A组）,胆肠吻合伴或不伴胃肠吻合结合125I放射性粒子术中植入18例（B组）,单纯胆肠吻合伴或不伴胃肠吻合26例（C组）。结果　全组67例获得随访,A、B、C组中位生存时间分别为19、12、7个月;术中125I放射性粒子植入近距离照射对术前疼痛的患者止痛有效率为80 %,肿瘤治疗有效率为59 %。对B组的患者经术后CT检查验证,粒子丢失率为2.6 ％,与术前治疗计划系统制定的粒子空间分布符合率为56 %。结论　积极行手术切除肿瘤是胰腺癌患者获得长期生存的重要途径,胆肠吻合伴或不伴胃肠吻合结合125I放射性粒子术中植入近距离放射治疗对中晚期胰腺癌有一定疗效,如何做到术中采集图像,实时制定治疗计划来实现治疗适形性仍需进一步探讨。     

Intraoperative ultrasound-guided iodine-125 seed implantation for unresectable pancreatic carcinoma

Background

To assess the feasibility and efficacy of using ¹²⁵I seed implantation under intraoperative ultrasound guidance for unresectable pancreatic carcinoma.

Methods

Fourteen patients with pancreatic carcinoma that underwent laparotomy and considered unresectable were included in this study. Nine patients were pathologically diagnosed with Stage II disease, five patients with Stage III disease. Fourteen patients were treated with ¹²⁵I seed implantation guided by intraoperative ultrasound and received D₉₀ of ¹²⁵I seeds ranging from 60 to 140 Gy with a median of 120 Gy. Five patients received an additional 35–50 Gy from external beam radiotherapy after seed implantation and six patients received 2–6 cycles of chemotherapy.

Results

87.5% (7/8) of patients received partial to complete pain relief. The response rate of tumor was 78.6%, One-, two-and three-year survival rates were 33.9% and 16.9%, 7.8%, with local control of disease achieved in 78.6% (11/14), and the median survival was 10 months (95% CI: 7.7–12.3).

Conclusion

There were no deaths related to ¹²⁵I seed implant. In this preliminary investigation, ¹²⁵I seed implant provided excellent palliation of pain relief, local control and prolong the survival of patients with stage II and III disease to some extent.     

术中超声引导放射性125I粒子组织间植入治疗胰腺癌

目的探讨术中超声引导放射性~(125)Ⅰ粒子组织间植入治疗胰腺癌的手术方法、近期疗效和副反应。方法27例无法切除的晚期胰腺癌,行术中超声引导~(125)Ⅰ粒子组织间植入治疗,11例行胃肠或胆肠短路术。腹部正中切口,暴露肿瘤,利用术中超声探及肿瘤大小、范围,确立进针方向和范围。插植粒子针边界外放1.0～1.5 cm,避开血管和胰管,间隔1cm。Mick枪后退式植入粒子,粒子间隔1cm。~(125)Ⅰ粒子活度为0.40～0.70 mCi/颗,D_(90)为110～160 Gy。6例术后4周加外放疗,2～3 Gy/次,5次/周,总剂量39～50 Gy。5例术后顺铂 吉西他滨化疗,2～4周期。结果20例伴有上腹部疼痛患者,粒子治疗后有17例疼痛完全或部分缓解,有效率85%,显效时间1～30 d,中位起效时间5 d。全组局部控制率为74%,Ⅱ Ⅲ期1、2年生存率分别为25%、15%,中位生存时间8个月,Ⅳ期1年生存率为8%,中位生存时间5个月。3例术后1个月复查时发现5颗粒子迁徙到肝脏。3例术后6周到6个月出现乳糜瘘,2例对症处理后缓解,2例复发合并上消化道出血,没有感染和胰瘘等并发症。结论放射性~(125)Ⅰ粒子组织间植入治疗胰腺癌具有很好的姑息止疼疗效,部分局部晚期患者可获得长期生存,而且并发症发生率较低。     

术中超声引导放射性^125Ⅰ粒子组织间植入治疗胰腺癌

目的探讨术中超声引导放射性^125Ⅰ粒子组织间植入治疗胰腺癌的手术方法、近期疗效和副反应。方法27例无法切除的晚期胰腺癌，行术中超声引导^125Ⅰ粒子组织间植入治疗，11例行胃肠或胆肠短路术。腹部正中切口，暴露肿瘤，利用术中超声探及肿瘤大小、范围，确立进针方向和范围。插植粒子针边界外放1．0～1．5cm，避开血管和胰管，间隔1cm。Mick枪后退式植入粒子，粒子间隔1cm。^125Ⅰ粒子活度为0．40～0．70mCi／颗，D90为110～160Gy。6例术后4周加外放疗，2～3Gy／次，5次／周，总剂量39～50Gy。5例术后顺铂＋吉西他滨化疗，2～4周期。结果20例伴有上腹部疼痛患者，粒子治疗后有17例疼痛完全或部分缓解，有效率85％，显效时间1～30d，中位起效时间5d。全组局部控制率为74％，Ⅱ＋Ⅲ期1、2年生存率分别为25％、15％，中位生存时间8个月，Ⅳ期1年生存率为8％，中位生存时间5个月。3例术后1个月复查时发现5颗粒子迁徙到肝脏。3例术后6周到6个月出现乳糜瘘，2例对症处理后缓解，2例复发合并上消化道出血，没有感染和胰瘘等并发症。结论放射性^125Ⅰ粒子组织间植入治疗胰腺癌具有很好的姑息止疼疗效，部分局部晚期患者可获得长期生存，而且并发症发生率较低。     

CT引导下经皮穿刺种植放射性125I粒子治疗晚期肺癌

目的　探讨应用肿瘤组织间三维立体定向放射治疗计划系统 (TPS)、CT引导下经皮穿刺种植放射性12 5I粒子治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌及并发症处理方法。方法　随机选择 5 3例术前活检证实为非小细胞肺癌患者 ,应用TPS计算出放射源—12 5I粒子在瘤灶区的剂量分布 ,绘出等剂量曲线及适形粒子分布图并制定治疗计划 ,通过CT引导经皮穿刺种植12 5I粒子。术后即刻CT扫描验证 ,术后2个月复查CT检查肿瘤情况。结果　植入粒子后 ,瘤体接受的平均照射剂量为 15 0 .5Gy ,mPD84 .6Gy,D90 92 .4Gy,D90 >mPD。 2例需要立即补种粒子。术后 2个月复查的 37例患者 ,胸CT显示完全缓解 10例 ,部分缓解 2 7例。并发症包括术中气胸 19例 ,咳血 7例 ,术后发烧 5例 ,4例粒子移位 ,2例游走。结论　TPS立体定向CT引导下经皮穿刺种植放射性12 5I粒子是一种有效的、微创的治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的方法     

放射性粒子植入治疗中晚期胰腺癌疗效分析

目的:探讨125I放射粒子植入术治疗手术无法切除的胰腺癌的疗效。方法:选择胰腺癌患者50例。内放射治疗组30例,肿瘤内部125I放射粒子植入,有梗阻症状者,加行胆-肠吻合术和胃-空肠吻合术;对照组20例,均行单纯剖腹探查或胆-肠吻合术和/或胃-空肠吻合术。观察肝肾功能、总胆红素变化;肿瘤大小变化;并发症发生情况;腹痛、背痛变化等。结果:两组患者总胆红素术后4周时均接近正常,肝功能明显改善,手术前后比较均具有统计学意义;粒子植入组患者手术前后腹痛、腰痛改善明显。有效率100%(30/30),完全缓解率97%;粒子植入组肿瘤直径有缩小趋势,对照组无明显变化;两组患者均无吻合口瘘、胆瘘、胰瘘、腹腔出血和腹腔感染。结论:125I粒子植入对不可切除的胰腺癌具有确定疗效,不仅可以明显延长患者生存期,提高生活质量,且对胰腺癌引起的疼痛有明显的缓解效果。     

125I放射性粒子植入治疗无法手术切除的胰腺癌疗效分析

目的：探讨^125I放射粒子植入术治疗手术无法切除的胰腺癌的治疗疗效。方法：选择胰腺癌患者50例,内放射治疗组30例,肿瘤内部^125I放射粒子植入,有梗阻症状者,加行胆-肠吻合术和胃-空肠吻合术;对照组20例,均行单纯剖腹探查或胆-肠吻合术和（或）胃-空肠吻合术。观察肝肾功能和总胆红素变化、肿瘤大小变化、并发症发生情况、腹痛和背痛变化等。结果：两组患者总胆红素术后4周时均接近正常,肝功能明显改善,手术前后比较差异均有统计学意义;粒子植入组患者手术前后腹痛和腰痛明显改善。有效率100％（30／30）,完全缓解率97％;粒子植入组肿瘤直径有缩小趋势,对照组无明显变化;两组患者均无吻合口瘘、胆瘘、胰瘘、腹腔出血和腹腔感染。结论：^125I粒子植入对不可切除的胰腺癌具有确定疗效,不仅可以明显延长患者生存期,提高生活质量,而且对胰腺癌引起的疼痛有明显的缓解效果。     

125I放射性粒子术中植入治疗晚期胰腺癌的疗效评价

目的初步分析^125Ⅰ放射性粒子术中植入内照射治疗晚期胰腺癌的临床疗效。方法对10例手术不能切除的晚期胰腺癌在术中植入^125Ⅰ放射性粒子进行组织间内照射。结果全组10例获得2-13个月的随访，中位6个月。生存期达12个月1例，6个月3例，3个月4例，1个月2例。中位生存期4．6个月。肿瘤完全缓解(CR)2例，部分缓解(PR)3例，无变化(NC)4例，进展(PD)1例。总有效率(CR PR)为50％。止痛有效率为60%。经术后X线片验证，粒子数目符合率为100％，粒子空间分布符合率仅为30％。结论^125Ⅰ放射性粒子术中植入内照射治疗晚期胰腺癌有一定疗效，但在按照粒子计算机治疗计划完成术中粒子空间分布技术方面尚须进一步完善。     

Interstitial iodine-125 implant in the management of unresectable pancreatic carcinoma

Eighteen patients with locally advanced adenocarcinoma of the head, body and tail of the pancreas were treated by a combination of biliary bypass, external and interstitial irradiation at Southern California Cancer Center of California Hospital Medical Center, Los Angeles, and Memorial Hospital Medical Center of Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, from July 31, 1975 to December 31, 1980. A dose of 3000 to 5000 rad was delivered to the pancreas and regional lymph nodes by external irradiation utilizing megavoltage units and 10,000 to 15,000 rad to the pancreas and metastatic lymph nodes by permanent Iodine-125 implants. In this group of 18 patients with unresectable carcinoma of the pancreas, excellent palliation of pain, jaundice and vomiting was achieved, with a median survival of 14 months.     

Permanent implantation of iodine-125 seeds as a salvage therapy for recurrent head and neck carcinoma after radiotherapy

Seventeen patients with head and neck recurrent carcinoma underwent (125)I seed implantation under CT or ultrasound guidance. The actuarial D90 of the (125)I seeds implanted was 90-160 Gy (median, 126 Gy). Median follow-up was 10 months (range, 3-48 months). The median local control time was 16 months; the 1- and 2-year local control rates were 66.5% and 49.9%, respectively. The 1- and 2-year survival rates were 51.3% and 38.5%, respectively (median, 16 months). None of the patients experienced grade 4 toxicity. (125)I seed implantation was a feasible and effective salvage treatment for patients with recurrent head and neck cancers.     

Preliminary results with iodine-125 seeds for permanent implantation in patients with localized prostatic cancer

Since August 1981, a permanent implantation with iodine-125 seeds has been performed in 41 patients with localized prostatic cancer. The seeds are implanted through a suprapubic incision. This gives the opportunity also to perform a diagnostic dissection of the regional lymph nodes. In five patients, the nodes were positive. In 4 out of these 5 patients bone metastases became manifest within one year. Two patients died of disseminated tumor, the first also had a local recurrence. Two other patients died shortly after treatment because of heart failure, while a third patient also died of heart failure, 2 years after implantation. Out of 31 patients with a follow-up period of 6 months or longer, distant metastases were found in four, in 2 followed by a local recurrence in the prostate. We can conclude that the preliminary results of this technique are encouraging with only three local recurrences in 41 patients. The prognostic value of positive lymph nodes was once again established.     

碘-125粒子植入治疗碘难治性分化型甲状腺癌淋巴结转移灶的临床研究

背景与目的：随着甲状腺癌发病率不断攀升,碘难治性分化型甲状腺癌（radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer,RAIR-DTC）成为目前临床诊疗的难点。探索碘-125（ ¹²⁵ I）粒子植入治疗RAIR-DTC的疗效及安全性。方法：对中南大学湘雅医学院附属肿瘤医院自2013年—2017年收治的39例RAIR-DTC患者颈部淋巴结转移灶行 125 I粒子植入治疗,每3个月监测血清甲状腺球蛋白（thyroglobulin,Tg）水平及病灶变化情况。采用实体瘤疗效评价标准1.1（response evaluation criteria in solid tumors,RECIST 1.1）评估疗效,采用常见不良事件评价标准5.0（common terminology criteria for adverse events,CTCAE 5.0）评估安全性。结果：治疗后39例患者的客观缓解率为43.6%,疾病控制率为92.3%。治疗3个月血清Tg水平较治疗前有显著降低（t=2.2,P<0.05）;治疗后6个月较治疗后3个月、治疗后9个月较治疗后6个月、治疗后12个月较治疗后9个月差异无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。治疗后3、6、9和12个月的淋巴结最大截面短径分别为（15.1±1.1）、（13.8±1.0）、（12.9±1.0）和（12.9±1.0）mm,与治疗前的（18.3±1.2）mm相比,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.001）。粒子植入数量与可测量病灶短径缩小量弱相关（P<0.05）,与Tg水平减少量不相关（P>0.05）。未观察到与该治疗相关的严重不良事件。结论： ¹²⁵ I粒子植入治疗RAIR-DTC颈部淋巴结转移灶疗效及安全性良好。     

放射性粒子植入治疗消化系统肿瘤常见并发症

放射性粒子植入已广泛应用于治疗多种恶性肿瘤,尤其在食管、胃肠、肝胆、胰腺等晚期消化系统肿瘤的治疗中,是一种可行、有效的补充治疗手段,并取得了较好的疗效,但治疗中不可避免会有消化道反应、感染、出血、溃疡、瘘、粒子游走、肺栓塞等并发症的发生.     

MSCT在125I粒子治疗肺癌中的应用价值

目的:探讨CT引导穿刺下放射性125I离子植入技术对中晚期肺癌的治疗。方法:对30例中晚期肺癌患者,应用TPS计算剂量和布粒计划,在CT扫描引导下,准确标记病灶穿刺的进针点,进针深度,角度,计算出进针数,将穿刺针经皮穿刺于病灶内,粒子植于病灶内。植入结束后,再进行CT扫描观察粒子分布情况及有无并发症。结果:全部病例手术顺利,经复查近期有效率83%(25/30),并发气胸16%,(5/30),出血33%(10/30)。结论:CT引导经皮穿刺粒子植入术的显像技术对中晚期肺癌治疗是简单有效安全的微创技术,值得推广和应用。     

Ultrasonically guided percutaneous splenic tissue core biopsy in patients with malignant lymphomas.

Ultrasonically (US) guided percutaneous tissue core biopsy of the spleen was done on 46 patients with malignant lymphomas. The biopsies were undertaken as a staging procedure in 32 patients, as a restaging procedure in 7, during follow-up in 2, and as a diagnostic step in 5 (previously undiagnosed cases with clinically and ultrasonographically suspected lymphoma). In 45 patients, the tissue core specimens obtained by US-guided biopsies were sufficient for a correct histologic examination; in one patient, the specimen was considered inadequate. The tissue core specimens showed splenic involvement in 12 patients and normal splenic tissue in the other 33. These latter cases were confirmed by splenectomy, by laparoscopy with larger splenic biopsy needles, and by clinical and US follow-up over a period of 6 to 30 months. In all previously undiagnosed patients (five), splenic biopsies allowed histologic subtyping. Additional immunologic subclassification into B-cell and T-cell types of lymphomas was done in two instances. There were no complications in this series. These results suggest that percutaneous US-guided splenic tissue core biopsy is a useful and safe technique for the diagnosis, staging, and follow-up of malignant lymphoma.     

MSCT在-^125I粒子治疗肺癌中的应用价值

目的：探讨CT引导穿刺下放射性^125I离子植入技术对中晚期肺癌的治疗。方法：对30例中晚期肺癌患者,应用TPS计算剂量和布粒计划,在CT扫描引导下,准确标记病灶穿刺的进针点,进针深度,角度,计算出进针数,将穿刺针经皮穿刺于病灶内,粒子植于病灶内。植入结束后,再进行CT扫描观察粒子分布情况及有无并发症。结果：全部病例手术顺利,经复查近期有效率83%（25/30）,并发气胸16%,（5/30）,出血33%（10/30）。结论：CT引导经皮穿刺粒子植入术的显像技术对中晚期肺癌治疗是简单有效安全的微创技术,值得推广和应用。     

CT引导下经皮穿刺植入放射性125I粒子治疗肺癌的临床应用

目的 探讨CT引导下经皮穿刺植入放射性125I粒子的肺癌治疗方法,观察临床疗效和不良反应.方法 于2004年6月-2005年10月,经CT引导125I粒子植入治疗肺癌32例.所有病例均行术前TPS制定治疗计划,术后质量验证.全部患者均植入0.5 mCi-1.0 mCi的放射性粒子,12-60颗.结果 植入病例全部成功,无死亡,部分出现气胸、出血,术后1周复查外周血象、1月复查CT及临床观察无毒副反应,术后定期复查CT,未出现放射损伤症状,未发现粒子脱落或游走等并发症.CR 22.58%、PR 61.29%、SD 12.9%、PD 3.2%.中位生存期大于12个月.结论 CT引导下经皮穿刺放射性125I粒子近距离照射治疗肺癌安全、有效,并且创伤小、并发症少.     

Prostate brachytherapy with iodine-125 seeds: radiation protection issues

AIMS AND BACKGROUND: Brachytherapy for prostate cancer by means of permanently implanted 125I sources is a well established procedure. An increasing number of patients all over the world are treated with this modality. When the technique was introduced at our institution, radiation protection issues relative to this technique were investigated in order to comply with international recommendations and national regulations. Particular attention was paid to the need for patient shielding after discharge from hospital. METHODS: The effective and equivalent doses to personnel related to implantation, the effective dose to patient relatives as computed by a developed algorithm, the air kerma strength values for the radioactive sources certified by the manufacturer compared with those measured by a well chamber, and the effectiveness of lead gloves in shielding the hands were evaluated. RESULTS: The effective dose to the bodies of personnel protected by a lead apron proved to be negligible. The mean equivalent doses to the physician's hands was 420 microSv for one implant; the technician's hands received 65 microSv. The mean air kerma rate measured at the anterior skin surface of the patient who had received an implant was 55 microGy/h (range, 10-115) and was negligible with lead protection. The measured and certified air kerma strength for125I seeds in RAPID Strand corresponded within a margin of +/- 5%. The measured attenuation by lead gloves in operative conditions was about 80%. We also defined the recommendations to be given to the patient at discharge. CONCLUSIONS: The exposure risks related to brachytherapy with 125I to operators and public are limited. However, alternation of operators should be considered to minimize exposure. Patient-related measurements should verify the dose rate around the patient to evaluate the need for shielding and to define appropriate radiation protection recommendations.     

乳腺癌根治术后植入放射性碘粒子在预防局部复发中的作用(附25例报告)

目的：探讨放射性碘粒子在预防乳腺癌根治术后局部复发中的作用。方法：将放射性碘粒子在乳腺癌根治术后植入到局部靶组织以及乳腺癌根治术后可能发生转移的径路中（选取位置同外放射治疗位置）。25例中共计植入放射性碘粒子775粒，平均每例植入31粒。对已行碘粒子植入3年以上的25例病例进行回顾性分析。同时，与同期行外放射性治疗的31例病例进行局部复发的对照分析。结果：全部病例进行3年以上的术后随访，25例中有1例局部复发，复发率为4％。行外放射治疗的31例病例中也有1例局部复发，复发率为3．23％。结论：乳腺癌根治术后行组织间放疗和术后行外放射治疗，在预防乳腺癌局部复发中的疗效无明显区别。但由于观察的例数较少，放射性碘粒子在预防乳腺癌根治术后局部复发的作用有待进一步的观察。     

Epirubicin may enhance the inhibition of hepatocellular carcinoma induced by iodine-125 seeds through downregulating WNT pathway

Aim

To investigate the role of iodine-125 (¹²⁵I) combined with epirubicin (EPI) in inhibiting hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) growth and promoting apoptosis.

Methods

Both in vivo and in vitro experiments were conducted. CCK-8 assay was performed to determine the cells viability after EPI treatment. HepG2 and SMMC7721 cells were treated with EPI or ¹²⁵I or in combination. Colony formation assays were performed to verify the antiproliferation effect. Annexin V–FITC/PI, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays, and western blotting were performed to analyze cellular apoptosis. Scratch wound healing assays and transwell assays were used to examine migration following different treatments. An isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation analysis was used to detect changes in protein expression after ¹²⁵I treatment, identifying the potential mediating protein cathelicidin (LL-37). LL-37 protein and WNT pathway-related proteins were detected by western blotting in SMMC7721 and HepG2 cells. Mice were treated with ¹²⁵I and EPI to evaluate whether EPI enhanced the antitumor effect of ¹²⁵I.

Results

EPI promoted ¹²⁵I-induced apoptosis and reduced the proliferation of HepG2 and SMMC7721 cells. EPI also prevented the migration of HepG2 and SMMC7721 cells. EPI combined with ¹²⁵I may interfere with the WNT signaling pathway by decreasing LL-37 to inhibit HCC development. The antitumor effects of EPI with ¹²⁵I were verified in mice.

Conclusion

EPI combined with ¹²⁵I induced apoptosis and inhibited the proliferation of HCC cells by LL-37 downregulating the WNT pathway.