TCT、HR-HPV检测及宫颈活检在宫颈早期病变中的诊断价值

目的：评价膜式液基薄层细胞学技术（thin prep liquid-based cytology test，TCT）、高危型人乳头状瘤病毒（high-riskhuman papillomavirus，HR-HPV）检测及阴道镜下宫颈活检对宫颈早期病变的诊断价值。方法：640例TCT检查异常的患者中，320例应用杂交捕获技术（HC-Ⅱ）检测HR-HPV，372例进行阴道镜检查并取宫颈组织活检，同时行HR-HPV检测及阴道镜检查并取宫颈组织活检者272例。以病理学为标准，比较三种方法对宫颈早期病变的诊断价值。结果：①HR-HPV检测能降低TCT假阴性，且随宫颈细胞学检查级别增加，HR-HPV阳性率增加（P〈O．05）。②宫颈活检细胞阳性检出率明显高于TCT阳性检出率（P〈0．01）；HR-HPV阳性组CIN发病率明显高于阴性组（P〈0．01）；HR-HPV阳性组宫颈病变程度明显高于阴性组（P〈0．05）；HPV感染病理诊断率明显高于阴性组（P〈0．01）。③阴道镜下宫颈活检可降低HR-HPV检测的漏诊率。④随宫颈细胞学检查级别增加，HPV感染发生率增加，CIN发生率增加，宫颈活检病理诊断HPV感染率增加（P〈0．01）；TCT、HR-HPV检测联合阴道镜下宫颈活检阳性率可达100％。结论：TCT、HR-HPV检测及阴道镜下宫颈活检是子宫颈病变早期诊断不可或缺的辅助手段；三者各有优缺点，不能相互替代，三者结合可提高宫颈早期病变的检出率。     

HPV—DNA检测配合随道镜检查对宫颈早病变筛查中的意义

目的了解HPV—DNA检测在宫颈癌早期病变中的应用,评价电子阴道镜检查下宫颈活检病理对宫颈癌前病变的筛查效果。方法对1000例患者进行HPV—DNA检测同时行薄层液基细胞学检测（TCT）,对HPV—DNA检测阳性或ASCUS以上的患者在阴道镜检查下宫颈活检,以病理诊断为金标准。比较两种方法的病理组织学诊断报告。结果137例HPV阳性患者中慢性炎17例（12.48％）,CIN,62例（45．3％）,CIN240例（29．2％）;CIN316例（11．47％）,宫颈鳞癌2例（1．45％）;101例薄层液基细胞学检测为ASCUS以上病变者中,慢性官颈炎42例（41．5％）,CIN,30例（29．7％）,CIN222例（21．8％）,CIN36例（5．94％）,宫颈鳞癌1例（0．9％）。结论宫颈HPV—DNA检测优于液基细胞学检测,采用在阴道镜下活检明确诊断,可以提高宫颈上皮内瘤样病变（CIN）检出率。     

液基细胞学联合HPV检测在宫颈病变筛查中的应用分析

目的通过与病理组织学检查结果比较,评估液基细胞学及HPV检测在宫颈病变筛查中的作用及意义。方法对2012年10月到2013年6月在晋城市晋煤集团总医院行HPV检测和液基细胞学检查及电子阴道镜下宫颈活组织病理检查的600例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果细胞学结果有异常者115例,为筛查人数的19．17％。细胞学结果显示不典型鳞状细胞（ASC）、LSIL、HSIL和宫颈癌者分别为69例、33例、12例、1例,其HR-HPV阳性率分别为68．12％（47／69）、81．82％（27／33）、83．33％（10／12）和100％（1／1）。经阴道镜下多点活检病理组织学诊断为炎症、上皮内瘤变Ⅰ级（CINⅠ）、CIN Ⅱ/CNIⅢ、宫颈浸润癌者分别为60例、33例、19例和3例,其HR-HPV阳性率分别为65％（39／60）、81．82％（27／33）、84．21％（16／19）和100％（3／3）。此外,85例HR—HPV阳性者中,病理学≥CINⅠ者占54．12％（46／85）;30例HR—HPV阴性者中,病理学为炎症者占70％（21／30）,≥CINⅠ者占30％（9／30）,而9例≥CINⅠ者中CINⅡ／CINⅢ和宫颈浸润癌仅占10％（3／30）。结论液基细胞学检查辅以进行HPV检测是筛查宫颈病变的有效方法,二者结合有利于宫颈病变的分流管理,大大提高诊断率。     

阴道镜检查诊断在ASC—US的实用性探讨

目的：探讨阴道镜检查诊断在宫颈不明确意义非典型鳞状细胞（ASC—US）的实用性。方法：对159例ASC—US患者进行影视阴道镜检查及定位活检。结果：159例患者中，慢性宫颈炎占73．58％：CINI占13．21％：CINⅡ9．43％；CINⅢ占3．77％。结论：ASC—US患者中仍存在少量宫颈高级别病变，阴道镜检查及指导下定位活检准确性高，等待时间短，费用低。     

宫颈细胞学和电子阴道镜在宫颈病变早期诊断中的应用

目的：探讨细胞学和电子阴道镜在宫颈病变早期诊断中的价值。方法：回顾性分析我院2005年10月至2006年2月就诊的1930例患者进行液基超薄细胞技术检查（TCT），对150例细胞学阳性及未明确诊断意义的不典型鳞状和（或）腺细胞（ASCUS／AGUS）病变进行阴道镜活检和组织病理学诊断。结果：1930例患者中正常范围内占35％，宫颈炎性病变占58．1％，未明确诊断意义的不典型鳞状细胞（ASCUS）及不典型腺细胞（AGUS）占5％，宫颈上皮内瘤样变占1．8％，宫颈癌占0．1％，HPV感染阳性16例。其中，未明确诊断意义的（ASCUS）及AGUS100例，低度鳞状上皮内病变（LSIL）40例，活检证实宫颈上皮内瘤变（CINI）28例，CIN Ⅱ3例，高度鳞状上皮内病变（HSIL）10例，活检证实CINⅡ3例，原位癌2例。其中，宫颈上皮内瘤样变HPV感染率为41％，宫颈癌HPV感染率为100％。结论：育龄妇女应定期进行液基细胞学筛查，细胞学与阴道镜下活检联合应用能提高宫颈病变的检出率。     

高危型人乳头瘤病毒检测对宫颈病变的诊断价值

目的研究高危型人乳头瘤病毒（human papillomavirus,HPV）DNA检测对宫颈病变的诊断价值。方法对2009年1月～2012年1月7 098例在妇科进行液基细胞学（liquid-based cytology test,LCT）检查的患者,采用高危型人乳头瘤病毒（high-risk human papillomavirus,HR-HPV）分型测定,异常者行阴道镜下活检并分析。结果行LCT检查的7 098例妇女中,868例表现为LCT结果异常,873例表现为HR-HPV阳性,随着LCT结果宫颈异常程度的增加,HR-HPV感染率明显增加;868例异常的患者中病理学检查结果为浸润癌者HPV感染76例（100%）,宫颈上皮内瘤变（cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia,CIN）Ⅲ者HPV感染57例（98.3%）,CINⅡ者感染89例（81.7%）,CINⅠ者感染186例（73.2%）;浸润癌中LCT和HPV均阳性者占97.4%,CINⅢ中占91.4%,CINⅡ中占81.7%,CINⅠ中占72.8%。结论高危型HPV-DNA检测对宫颈病变诊断有重要价值,LCT结合HPV检查指导阴道镜下活检有重要意义。     

457例宫颈鳞状上皮细胞病变的病理学研究

目的探讨组织病理学诊断对宫颈不典型鳞状上皮（ASC）病变的价值。方法对457例宫颈液基细胞学检查结果为ASC患者，做5％醋酸宫颈染色肉眼观察，阴道镜检查及宫颈多点活检行组织学检查。细胞学诊断采用TBS（2001）分级报告系统，阳性诊断包括意义不明的不典型鳞状细胞（ASC-US）及以上病变与组织病理学诊断结果对照分析。结果457例宫颈液基细胞学与组织病理学结果显示：ASC-US组CINII以上者34例，占8．15％；ASC-H组CINⅡ以上者14例，占35％；2组之间差异有统计学意义（X^2=59．17，P〈0．01）。结论重视液基细胞学检查不典型鳞状上皮细胞及以上病变患者准确掌握TBS分级诊断标准，提高宫颈早期病变的检出率。     

人乳头瘤病毒感染与宫颈病变关系的探讨

目的：探讨人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染与宫颈病变的关系。方法：对2005年1月-2007年11月门诊就诊的8939例女性行宫颈细胞学筛查。其中不典型鳞状细胞（ASCUS）1278例，占14．3％。其中547例行阴道镜检查，取活检，组织学结果示炎症453例，占82．8％，宫颈上皮内瘤样病变（CINI）45例，占8．2％．CINⅡ35例，占6．4％，CINⅢ13例，占2．3％，宫颈癌5例，占0．91％。并将宫颈细胞学标本进行HPV基因分型检测．比较不同宫颈病变类型组HPV感染的比例。结果：本组中HPV阳性者CINⅠ16例、CINⅡ22例，CINⅢ11例，分别占36％、63％、83％。最常见的类型为HPV16、18。结论：HPV感染与宫颈病变的发生有关。     

TCT、HR-HPV检测及宫颈活检在宫颈早期病变中的诊断价值

目的:评价膜式液基薄层细胞学技术(thin prep liquid-based cytology test,TCT)、高危型人乳头状瘤病毒(high-risk human papillomavirus,HR-HPV)检测及阴道镜下宫颈活检对宫颈早期病变的诊断价值。方法:640例TCT检查异常的患者中,320例应用杂交捕获技术(HC-Ⅱ)检测HR-HPV,372例进行阴道镜检查并取宫颈组织活检,同时行HR-HPV检测及阴道镜检查并取宫颈组织活检者272例。以病理学为标准,比较三种方法对宫颈早期病变的诊断价值。结果:①HR-HPV检测能降低TCT假阴性,且随宫颈细胞学检查级别增加,HR-HPV阳性率增加(P<0.05)。②宫颈活检细胞阳性检出率明显高于TCT阳性检出率(P<0.01);HR-HPV阳性组CIN发病率明显高于阴性组(P<0.01);HR-HPV阳性组宫颈病变程度明显高于阴性组(P<0.05);HPV感染病理诊断率明显高于阴性组(P<0.01)。③阴道镜下宫颈活检可降低HR-HPV检测的漏诊率。④随宫颈细胞学检查级别增加,HPV感染发生率增加,CIN发生率增加,宫颈活检病理诊断HPV感染率增加(P<0.01);TCT、HR-HPV检测联合阴道镜下宫颈活检阳性率可达100%。结论:TCT、HR-HPV检测及阴道镜下宫颈活检是子宫颈病变早期诊断不可或缺的辅助手段;三者各有优缺点,不能相互替代,三者结合可提高宫颈早期病变的检出率。     

液基细胞学联合阴道镜检查对宫颈病变诊断的评价

目的：寻求提高宫颈上皮内瘤样病变（CIN）的检出率,使患者得到早期诊断和治疗的方法。方法：采用LCT配合阴道镜检查及镜下定位活检,对122例患者进行检查。结果：在122例单纯行阴道镜检查的患者中,有18例宫颈上皮内瘤变（CIN）I级以上病变,占14．8％。93例先行液基细胞学检查提示性质未定的不典型鳞状细胞（ASC—US）以上病变,再行阴道镜检查发现CINI级以上宫颈病变的61例,占56．6％。结论：宫颈液基细胞学检查结合电子阴道镜检查能够显著提高宫颈癌的早期检出率,为患者的及时正确治疗提供科学的依据。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.