某厂铅作业工人心电图调查分析

目的　了解铅作业工人心电图变化。方法　对某蓄电池厂 2 67名铅作业工人及不接触有害因素的 193人进行心电图调查分析。结果　发现接铅组心电图异常率明显高于对照组 ,差异有非常显著性 ( χ2 =47 47,P <0 .0 1)。另外该厂各岗位铅烟 (尘 )浓度均超过国家标准。结论　铅作业工人心电图发生改变 ,提示在健康查体工作中 ,铅作业工人应普查心电图。     

某蓄电池厂环境铅污染对儿童尿铅水平的影响

【目的】　了解环境中铅污染对儿童健康的危害。　【方法】　通过对某蓄电池厂托儿所、职工宿舍空气中铅浓度及儿童尿铅水平测定 ,比较分析铅对儿童健康的影响。　【结果】　托儿所院内铅浓度为 0 .0 45mg/m3 ,室内为 0 .0 17mg/m3 ,职工宿舍楼院内为 0 .0 3 9mg/m3 ,室内为 0 .0 12mg/m3 ,各值均超过国家卫生标准。儿童尿铅水平与对照组比较差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。　【结论】　环境铅污染可致儿童尿铅负荷增高。     

对蓄电池厂车问空气铅含量的监测

工业用铅一般可分为两大类 ,金属铅和铅化合物。进入环境的铅主要是铅化合物[1] 。就铅的接触而言 ,熔炼和精炼铅是危害最大的工种 ,但在蓄电池行业中混合的铅氧化物也是相当危险的 ,这些岗位的空气铅浓度可达 0 .8～ 4 .0 0mg/m3 。空气中高浓度的铅被吸入人体后 ,血铅和尿铅浓度相应增高[2 ] ,甚至造成铅中毒。为掌握县级蓄电池行业车间空气铅浓度对铅作业工人的危害情况 ,作者于 1998年 8月至 1999年 12月参加了两个县级蓄电池厂车间空气铅浓度及该厂铅作业工人的尿铅含量的调查分析。1　对象在承德市某县和石家庄市某县两个正常生产的蓄…     

蓄电池厂铅作业工人的生物监测结果分析

目的 对某蓄电池厂铅作业工人的尿铅、血红蛋白（Hb）和血锌原卟啉（ZPP）进行生物监测分析.方法 检测电池厂工作场所空气中铅浓度,对接触铅作业的工人进行职业健康检查,包括尿铅、血红蛋白和血锌原卟啉测定.结果 部分工作场所空气中铅浓度超过国家职业卫生标准,铅作业工人中具有不同程度的神经衰弱症状和消化系统症状.162名铅作业工人中15人尿铅含量超过职业接触限值（≥0.34 μmol/L）,7人ZPP≥2.91 μmol/L,15人Hb下降,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.接触组浓度＞0.05 mg/m^3及接铅工龄在2 a～者,生物监测指标明显异常.结论 蓄电池厂的铅作业工人存在明显的职业危害,定期进行尿铅、血红蛋白和血锌原卟啉生物监测十分必要,可以早期发现职业健康损害,预防铅中毒的发生.     

泰州市某铅酸蓄电池厂铅作业工人的职业健康情况调查

目的:调查泰州市某铅酸蓄电池厂铅作业工人的职业健康检查情况,为劳动者采取有效的防护措施提供依据。方法:整理分析2014年泰州市某铅酸蓄电池厂196例接作业工人职业健康检查表的检查结果。结果:该厂196例铅作业工人中,血铅≥600μg/L的有8例,血铅在400~599μg/L的有30例;血铅≥400μg/L的铅作业工人的岗位中以打磨最多;血红蛋白浓度的下降率女性高于男性。结论:泰州市某铅酸蓄电池厂铅作业工人存在明显的的职业健康损害,应进一步提高工艺的先进性,改善作业环境,加强职业危害宣传教育,提高工人的自我防护意识,预防和控制职业性铅中毒的发生。     

自然排铅与驱铅试验间尿铅浓度相关性分析

为探讨铅中毒诊断中驱铅前后尿铅含量值的变化规律,特对我市两家蓄池厂40例铅作业工人驱铅前后尿铅含量进行了测定。结果两家蓄电池厂空气铅烟浓度为0.009～46.47mg/m~3和0.025～6.725mg/m~3,铅尘浓度为0.084～11.00mg/m~3和0.049～17.60mg/m~3;驱铅前后一次性晨尿铅浓度各工龄组间无显著性差异;驱铅前后尿铅浓度变化有非     

某铅酸蓄电池厂作业工人血铅异常情况及危险因素研究

目的了解河南省某铅酸蓄电池厂作业工人血铅异常情况及主要危险因素,为企业进一步加强职业性慢性铅中毒的防控提供科学依据。方法以2020年12月在该厂进行职业健康体检的2550名工人作为研究对象,测定其血铅浓度,通过统一调查表收集工人一般人口学特征资料以及职业史等相关信息,同时对接铅工人经常接触铅尘或铅烟的代表性岗位进行空气中铅浓度检测,运用SPSS 21.0建立数据库并进行统计学分析。结果5个常年接铅岗位空气中铅浓度都存在超标现象,合格率为12.5%~62.5%。共246人发生血铅异常,血铅异常率为9.64%。非条件logistic回归分析显示:与其他不接触铅的岗位相比,铸板、涂板、分刷片、包片、装配等岗位发生职业性慢性铅中毒的风险分别提高到7.800倍、23.996倍、30.893倍、16.380倍以及18.003倍(P<0.01);与接铅工龄<1年的作业工人相比,接铅工龄为1~年、2~年、3~年、4~年、5~7年的作业工人发生职业性慢性铅中毒的风险分别提高到12.960倍、17.557倍、19.127倍、25.037倍以及29.096倍(P<0.01);吸烟者发生职业性慢性铅中毒的风险是不吸烟者的1.501倍(P<0.05)。结论铅作业工人血铅浓度受多种内外复杂因素影响,企业应全面落实有效的职业病防护措施。铸板、涂板、分刷片、包片以及装配等岗位应成为铅作业工人职业健康监护的重点。     

威翔蓄电池厂铅作业人员健康状况

目的 了解威翔蓄电池厂铅污染对工人健康的影响,以预防和控制职业中毒的发生。方法 对该厂9名铅作业工人进行血常规、红细胞锌原卟啉（ZPP）、尿铅、血铅和丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）检测。并进行临床问诊、B超等项的检查。结果 9人中,ZPP检查有2人超正常值,ZPP值达4.17、6.16μmol/L,尿铅浓度为0.097-0.274mg/L,血铅平均浓度达513mg/L,均超出正常值范围。B超检查有3人检出异常,出现脂肪肝、肝囊肿等病变。结论 该厂铅作业岗位的铅危害已对工人健康造成损害,企业要进行工艺改革,并落实卫生防护措施,加强对工人的防护意识教育;定期体检,以及时发现问题和得到有效的治疗。     

漳州市铅作业工人健康状况调查

目的了解漳州市铅作业工人健康状况,为采取有效的保护措施提供依据。方法对3个蓄电池厂263名铅作业工人及112名管理和后勤人员进行职业健康检查,并对作业场所空气中铅浓度进行了监测。结果车间空气中铅浓度,共监测43个点,22个点超标,其中熔铅车间铅烟最高浓度达2.89 mg/m3,超标96.3倍。对263名铅作业工人进行了血铅测定,最高值达到2.49 mg/L。铅作业工人头痛、头晕、失眠、乏力、腹痛等自觉症状出现率明显高于对照组（P〈0.05）,血铅浓度异常率为22.86%。结论铅作业工人血铅及工作场所铅浓度超标,企业应改善工作环境、改进生产工艺,加强作业工人的健康防护。     

汽车蓄电池厂铅作业工人职业危害调查

调查分析了某汽车蓄电池厂 336名铅作业工人职业危害情况。结果表明 :该厂车间空气铅浓度与铅作业工人铅中毒患病率呈完全正相关 (r =1.0 0 0 )。隔板、极板、总装车间空气铅污染严重 ,铅烟、铅尘浓度依次为 0 .2 2 6± 0 .32 4 ,0 .4 6 4± 0 .76 6 ,1.92 2± 2 .381mg/ m3和 0 .5 0 2± 1.0 2 9,0 .6 6 9± 1.15 4 ,3.4 18±3.95 2 mg/ m3,铅作业工人铅中毒患病率分别为 1.2 1% ,3.6 2 % ,19.83% ,平均患病率 8.6 3% ,高于全国水平。并扼要讨论了发病机理及原因     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.