基于2a基因型丙型肝炎病毒自身启动子的单顺反子复制子的构建和功能测定

目的 构建丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)单顺反子复制子,研究其在Huh7.5和Huh7.1细胞中的复制功能,为研究HCV复制规律和抗病毒药物的筛选建立模型. 方法 用Quick change点突变方法删除pJ6JFH 1B1aRL质粒上的Core-E1-E2-p7-NS2片段(约3090 bp),得到△pJ6JFH1B1aRL,然后测序,选择序列正确的克隆,用AgeⅠ和AvrⅡ酶切回收目的片段约2280bp,同时用AgeⅠ和AvrⅡ酶切pSGRJFH1和其突变体质粒,回收载体片段.将目的片段和载体片段连接,构建由HCV-IRES启动的单顺反子复制子pSGRm-JFH IblaRL以及其变异突变体pSGRm-JFH 1b1aRLGND,用其RNA转染Huh7.5和Huh7.1细胞,研究复制子在细胞中的复制情况.结果 经过Quick change和多步克隆方法成功构建HCV-IRES启动的单顺反子复制子,复制子RNA转染Huh7.5和Huh7.1细胞72h后复制达高峰,96h复制开始下降,而对照的突变体从24h至96h均没有复制.结论 成功构建了HCV-IRES单顺反子复制子,转染Huh7.5和Huh7.1细胞后在不同时间均有复制.     

携带融合基因穿梭质粒的构建及在人肝癌细胞中的表达

构建携带胸苷激酶(tk)与增强型绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)融合基因穿梭质粒,并观察其在肝癌细胞系HepG2细胞中的表达。应用基因重组技术,构建EGFP与tk的融合表达穿梭质粒载体,经限制酶切鉴定和测序分析,脂质体转染将其导入HepG2中,48h后用荧光显微镜观察荧光的表达,RT-PCR法检测融合蛋白tk和EGFP的mRNA表达,四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)实验检测转染融合蛋白载体后不同浓度的更昔洛韦(GCV)对HepG2细胞的细胞毒作用。酶切鉴定和测序分析证实重组质粒中插入融合目的基因片断及载体DNA大小、方向和插入位点正确,在转染此穿梭质粒的HepG2细胞中检测到绿色荧光蛋白的表达,RT-PCR检测到融合蛋白tk和EGFP的mRNA表达;GCV对转染了携带tk与EGFP融合基因穿梭质粒载体有明显的细胞毒作用。成功构建携带tk与EGFP融合基因穿梭质粒载体,转染人肝癌细胞株HepG2中tk和EGFP的独立表达没有受到影响,该载体可利用绿色荧光蛋白作为报告基因监测tk的表达并可用于肝癌的自杀基因治疗。     

乙型脑炎病毒非结构4A蛋白编码基因重组子的构建及表达

目的构建流行性乙型脑炎病毒(JEV)非结构4A(NS4A)蛋白编码基因重组子并鉴定。方法以JEV SA14-14-2株Total RNA为模板,运用RT-PCR方法扩增JEV NS4A蛋白编码基因,克隆至pMD19-T Simple载体并测序。为便于分析JEV NS4A蛋白编码基因重组子在哺乳动物细胞中的表达,在JEV NS4A蛋白编码基因5’端附加FLAG序列,亚克隆至pcDNA3.1(+)载体中,构建重组子pJNS4A并作酶切及DNA测序分析;采用脂质体法将pJNS4A转染中华仓鼠卵巢(CHO)细胞,采用免疫荧光法检测转染的CHO细胞中JEV NS4A蛋白分布与表达。结果重组质粒pJNS4A经BamHⅠ/EcoRⅠ酶切释出的插入子在830bp左右,与JEV NS4A蛋白编码基因和FLAG基因序列之和(834bp)相一致。JEV NS4A蛋白编码基因重组质粒转染的CHO细胞可见绿色荧光标记,主要分布在胞膜。结论 pJNS4A构建成功,转染的CHO细胞可稳定表达JEV NS4A蛋白。     

基因转运载体中甲基化XbaⅠ位点的体外克隆与应用

目的探讨基因转运载体中甲基化XbaⅠ位点在基因克隆中的效用。方法以pIRES2-EGFP为母本,PCR扩增获得携附加XhoⅠ位点和满足甲基化序列组成的XbaⅠ位点、同时缺失IRES和EGFP区段的载体骨架pΔSG,其PCR产物与携带对等酶切位点的EGFP PCR产物经酶切、连接后,构建重组质粒rpΔSG-EGFPV-Xho、rpΔSG-EGFPV-Xba。另将pΔSG和EGFP的PCR产物分别与pMD 18-T Simple T载体连接,构建重组质粒psT-ΔSG和psT-EGFP,并亚克隆获得重组质粒rpΔSG-sT-EGFPV-Xho。以DsRed2基因置换rpΔSG-sT-EGFPV-Xho中的EGFP基因,获得重组质粒rpΔSG-sT-DsRed2V-Xho。各重组质粒经脂质体介导转染CHO细胞。结果各重组质粒转染的细胞中明显可见EGFP或DsRed2的高效表达。结论 PCR产物中满足甲基化序列组成的XbaⅠ位点,在体外酶切与连接的克隆效果良好;该序列经体外重组并导入Dam+和/或Dcm+宿主菌中扩增时被重新甲基化而受保护,且对重组质粒在宿主细胞内的稳定性和生物活性没有明显影响。     

HCV NS2对细胞凋亡及DNA损伤应答信号的影响

目的构建HCV NS2的真核表达质粒,了解HCV NS2蛋白对细胞凋亡及DNA损伤应答信号的影响。方法以pCMV-tag2B为载体,采用双酶切法构建HCV NS2基因重组载体pCMV-tag2B-NS2,进行酶切分析和DNA测序鉴定;在Huh7细胞中转染相应质粒,分别采用Western blot和DAPI染色分析CPT处理或未处理时NS2对DNA损伤应答信号和凋亡的影响,采用流式细胞术检测NS2蛋白对细胞周期的影响。结果酶切和DNA测序证实pCMVtag2B-NS2重组质粒构建成功,HCV NS2蛋白可在Huh7细胞中正确表达并且活化DNA损伤应答信号,但不影响细胞周期进程;DAPI染色检查,NS2转染组和空载体转染组细胞凋亡率分别为(15.33±0.88)%和(4.66±0.88)%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论成功构建了真核表达载体pCMV-tag2B-NS2,其表达产物HCV NS2蛋白可诱导DNA损伤应答通路的活化并且促进Huh7细胞凋亡。     

乙型肝炎病毒启动子调控的增强型绿色荧光蛋白真核表达载体的构建与表达

目的研究乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）启动子（含增强子）调控下的增强型绿色荧光蛋白（EGFP）报告基因在肝癌细胞中的表达.方法用聚合酶链反应（PCR）技术分别扩增出HBV的4个启动子,载入T载体,测序后插入到含EGFP报告基因的质粒pEGFP-1,构建出HBV不同启动子调控的EGFP基因表达载体,经酶切、测序鉴定各重组体.采用脂质体介导法将4种构建好的载体转染肝癌细胞株HepG2,用倒置荧光显微镜观察各重组体转染细胞中EGFP的表达.结果各目的片段测序正确并成功插入表达载体中,转染了各质粒的阳性细胞克隆均可检测出EGFP的表达,不同启动子调控下的蛋白表达量有所不同. 结论HBV启动子调控下的EGFP报告基因能够在肝癌细胞中特异表达,不同启动子表达效率之间存在一定的差异性,从而为肝脏疾病的基因治疗提供了一个新的选择.     

重组人GDNF基因逆转录病毒真核表达载体的构建及表达

目的 构建含有胶质细胞源性神经营养因子(GDNF)和加强型绿色荧光蛋白基因(EGFP)的逆转录病毒载体,将其导入包装细胞PT67,检测基因在细胞中的表达.方法 PCR法扩增GDNF基因及IRES2-EGFP基因,测序验证正确后与逆转录病毒载体pLXSN连接,构建重组逆转录病毒质粒pLXSN-IRES2-EGFP-GDNF.EcoR I酶切鉴定重组质粒.脂质体Lipofectamine 2000介导下转染包装细胞PT67,G418筛选并检测病毒滴度.流式细胞仪和荧光显微镜分别检测转染效率和基因表达.结果 PCR扩增得到大小约558 bp和1 308 bp的特异性条带,测序证实,获得正确的人GDNF序列和EGFP序列.经EcoR I酶切鉴定,成功构建重组质粒pLXSN-IRES2-EGFP-GDNF.荧光显微镜检测显示GDNF基因获得良好表达,流式细胞仪检测转染效率为24.4%.结论 正确克隆了人GDNF基因全序列并构建重组逆转录病毒pLXSN-IRES2-EGFP-GDNF质粒.基因转染包装细胞PT67获良好表达.     

携带IFN—β基因的丙型肝炎病毒微型基因组构建及抑制病毒复制的效应

目的构建丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）反应性干扰素（IFN）-β的微型基因组及其抑制效应的初步评价。方法提取poly I：C刺激的淋巴细胞总RNA,RT-PCR扩增IFN-β基因,克隆入前期构建的HCV微型基因组pT7-5U△131-315rI3Urz;PCR并鉴定插入方向,将反向插入的质粒命名为pT7-5U△131-315rIFNI3Urz。将微型基因组5U△131-315rIFNI3URz克隆入pcDNA3.1载体,获得pCMV-5U△131-315rIFNI3URz。将体外转录的5U△131-315rIFNI3URz RNA转染Huh7.5BB7细胞,48 h后检测IFN-β的表达。将pCMV-5U△131-315rIFNI3URz转染Huh7.5 JFH-1细胞系,荧光实时定量PCR法测定细胞中HCV RNA。结果成功建立了Huh7.5JFH-1细胞系;含有IFN-β的微型基因组在复制子细胞和HCV感染细胞中可以特异表达IFN-β;携带IFN-β的HCV微型基因组可以降低细胞中病毒的RNA拷贝水平,具有一定的剂量依赖效应。结论反向插入IFN-β基因的HCV微型基因组进入HCV感染细胞内表达IFN-β并靶向抑制病毒的复制,为抗HCV感染研究提供了一个新的方法和思路。     

蛋白激酶C受体1过表达载体、干扰载体的构建及鉴定

目的：构建并鉴定蛋白激酶C受体1（ RACK1）过表达及干扰真核表达载体。方法采用逆转录聚合酶链反应（ RT-PCR）从人肝癌细胞系Huh-7．5．1中扩增RACK1全长cDNA系列,用巢式PCR扩增对应的CDS,并将其克隆到PIRES2-EGFP,PCR鉴定后进行测序分析。以人RACK1基因为靶基因,设计合成两对短发夹结构的互补DNA序列和一对阴性对照序列,退火后与酶切后的载体RNAi-Ready pSIREN-RetroQ-ZsGreen进行连接,并行酶切分析和测序鉴定。将构建好的过表达载体和干扰载体用脂质体转染HUVEC细胞系。结果两对引物PCR扩增的序列大小与预期结果一致,PIRES2-EGFP/RACK1载体954个碱基成功插入到预计位点,序列完全一致。 RNA干扰载体pRetroQ/RACK1-1、pRetroQ/RACK1-2和pRetroQ/HK插入序列均与预计相符。荧光显微镜观察,转染的HUVEC细胞均表达EGFP和GFP。结论成功构建RACK1过表达载体及其RNA干扰载体,并可被成功导入HU-VEC细胞系。     

Krüppel-like factor4慢病毒表达载体构建及其对胃癌细胞BGC-823生物学行为的影响

目的 构建Krüppel-like factor4(KLF4)过表达慢病毒载体,探讨其对胃癌细胞株BGC-823生物学行为的影响.方法 检测BGC -823中KLF4 mRNA的表达水平;用真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1IE-KLF4-EGFP,将KLF4基因连人慢病毒载体pLv-UbC-IRES2-EGFP中,构建pLv-KLF4-IRES2-EGFP重组慢病毒表达载体.将酶切和测序鉴定后的重组质粒转染至BGC-823中,观察转染情况,RT-PCR检测KLF4 mRNA.慢病毒包装后转染BGC-823细胞,Western印迹检测KLF4蛋白.结果 重组质粒经酶切和DNA测序证实目的基因插入正确;pcDNA3.1IE-KLF4-EGFP转染BGC-823细胞后KLF4 mRNA升高.慢病毒包装后转染BGC-823检测到目的蛋白KLF4.KLF4能够将细胞阻滞于G1/S,抑制其生长、促进细胞凋亡,减少细胞侵袭能力.结论 转染BGC-823后KLF4蛋白检测证实慢病毒载体成功构建,KLF4能抑制胃癌细胞的恶性转化.     

Inhibition of subgenomic hepatitis C virus RNA replication in HeLa cells

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Antiviral therapy such as combination interferon and ribavirin can eradicate hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA by up to 40-50%. However, many patients still remain non-responders to this treatment for various reasons. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of interferon or ribavirin treatment on subgenomic HCV RNA replication in 'non-hepatic' HeLa cells. METHODOLOGY: Huh-7 or HeLa cells harboring HCV replicon were constructed by using cellular RNA of Huh-7 harboring HCV replicon RNAs, named as C13-3 cells. We also tested whether interferon or ribavirin can suppress HCV RNA in HeLa cells. RESULTS: Huh-7 or HeLa cells harboring HCV replicon RNAs were constructed by using cellular RNA of C13-3 cells than using in vitro-transcribed RNA. Ribavirin at 1 microg/mL or 10 microg/mL did not suppress colony formation in HeLa cells, but at 100 microg/mL suppression was observed. Interferon-alpha 2b suppressed HCV replication even at 1 U/mL. CONCLUSIONS: HeLa cells harboring HCV replicon RNAs also might be useful for the development of antiviral drugs.     

Inhibition of hepatitis C virus translation and subgenomic replication by siRNAs directed against highly conserved HCV sequence and cellular HCV cofactors

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are an efficient tool to specifically inhibit gene expression by RNA interference. Since hepatitis C virus (HCV) replicates in the cytoplasm of liver cells without integration into the host genome, RNA-directed antiviral strategies are likely to successfully block the HCV replication cycle. Additional benefit might arise from inhibition of cellular cofactors of HCV replication, such as proteasome alpha-subunit 7 (PSMA7) or Hu antigen R (HuR). METHODS: In this study, we investigated direct and cofactor-mediated inhibition of HCV by a panel of DNA-based retroviral vectors expressing siRNAs against highly conserved HCV sequences or the putative HCV cofactors PSMA7 and HuR. Effects were determined in HCV IRES-mediated translation assays and subgenomic HCV replicon cells. RESULTS: PSMA7- and HuR-directed siRNAs successfully inhibited expression of the endogenous genes, and PSMA7 and HuR silencing significantly diminished HCV replicon RNA and NS5B protein levels. HCV-directed siRNAs substantially inhibited HCV IRES-mediated translation and subgenomic HCV replication. Combinations of PSMA7- and HuR-directed siRNAs with HCV-directed siRNAs revealed additive HCV RNA inhibitory effects in monocistronic replicon cells. CONCLUSIONS: A dual approach of direct- and cofactor-mediated inhibition of HCV replication might avoid selection of mutants and thereby become a powerful strategy against HCV.     

Reciprocal effects of micro-RNA-122 on expression of heme oxygenase-1 and hepatitis C virus genes in human hepatocytes

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an antioxidant defense and key cytoprotective enzyme, which is repressed by Bach1. Micro-RNA-122 (miR-122) is specifically expressed and highly abundant in human liver and required for replication of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA. This study was to assess whether a specific miR-122 antagomir down-regulates HCV protein replication and up-regulates HO-1. METHODS: We transfected antagomir of miR-122, 2'-O-methyl-mimic miR-122, or nonspecific control antagomir, into wild-type (WT) Huh-7 cells or Huh-7 stably replicating HCV subgenomic protein core through nonstructural protein 3 of HCV (NS3) (CNS3 replicon cells) or NS3-5B (9-13 replicon cells). RESULTS: Antagomir of miR-122 reduced the abundance of HCV RNA by 64% in CNS3 and by 84% in 9-13 cells. Transfection with 2'-O-methlyl-mimic miR-122 increased HCV levels up to 2.5-fold. Antagomir of miR-122 also decreased Bach1 and increased HO-1 mRNA levels in CNS3, 9-13, and WT Huh-7 cells. Increasing HO-1 by silencing Bach1 with 50 nmol/L Bach1-short interfering RNA or by treatment with 5 mumol/L cobalt protoporphyrin or heme (known inducers of HO-1) decreased HCV RNA and protein by 50% in HCV replicon cells. CONCLUSIONS: Down-regulation of HCV replication using an antagomir targeted to miR-122 is effective, specific, and selective. Increasing HO-1, by silencing the Bach1 gene or by treatment with cobalt protoporphyrin or heme, decreases HCV replication. Thus, miR-122 plays an important role in the regulation of HCV replication and HO-1/Bach1 expression in hepatocytes. Down-regulation of miR-122 and up-regulation of HO-1 may be new strategies for anti-HCV intervention and cytoprotection.     

丙型肝炎病毒NS5B在Huh-7细胞中的转染与表达

目的 建立丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）ＮＳ５Ｂ表达的人肝系。方法 以脂质体共转染ＮＳ５Ｂ基因人Ｈｕｈ－７细胞,以ＰＣＲ和Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ在ＤＮＡ水平检测转染的结果,以ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ证实了Ｈｕｈ－７细胞中有ＮＳ５Ｂ的蛋白表达。结果 在转这ＮＳ５Ｂ质粒的细胞系中有ＮＳ５Ｂ基因的存在和ＨＣＶ－ＲＡＮ多聚酶的表达。     

丙型肝炎病毒全长基因嵌合萤光素酶重组质粒转染细胞系的建立与初步应用

目的 构建能产生较高效价重组病毒的HCV细胞感染模型,为HCV致病机制的研究和抗病毒药物的筛选提供一个有效的体外细胞培养系统.方法 利用PCR技术在HCV NS5A C端插入海肾萤光素酶( Renilla Luciferase,Rluc)报告基因,并引入能提高HCV效价的突变,酶切鉴定重组基因序列构建成功后,转染入...     

Expression of the CXCR3 ligand I-TAC by hepatocytes in chronic hepatitis C and its correlation with hepatic inflammation

The factors that regulate lymphocyte traffic in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) are not completely defined. Interferon (IFN)-inducible T cell alpha chemoattractant (I-TAC) is a relatively new member of the CXCR3 chemokine ligand family that selectively recruits activated T cells to sites of inflammation. To determine if I-TAC plays a role in CHC, we investigated I-TAC expression in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected liver biopsy material. I-TAC messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were significantly increased in HCV-infected liver compared with normal liver, which correlated with both portal and lobular inflammation. I-TAC expression was localized to hepatocytes throughout the liver lobule, with those in close proximity to active areas of inflammation expressing the highest concentration of I-TAC. In vitro, I-TAC mRNA and protein expression was inducible in Huh-7 cells following either IFN-alpha or -gamma stimulation and synergistically with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. Furthermore, transfection of Huh-7 cells with either poly(I:C) or HCV RNA representing the HCV subgenomic replicon induced I-TAC mRNA expression. HCV replication was also found to modulate I-TAC expression, with stimulation of Huh-7 cells harboring either the HCV subgenomic or genomic replicon showing significantly increased synergistic effects compared with those previously seen in Huh-7 cells alone with IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. In conclusion, these results suggest I-TAC, one of the most potent chemoattractants for activated T cells, is produced by hepatocytes in the HCV-infected liver and plays an important role in T cell recruitment and ultimately the pathogenesis of CHC.     

HCV NS5A反式激活基因NS5ATP13对肝癌细胞生长的影响

目的验证HCV NS5A对NS5ATP13基因反式激活作用,并检测NS5ATP13基因表达产物对Huh-7细胞系生长的影响。方法应用实时定量逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）方法验证HCV NS5A对NS5ATP13基因的反式激活作用,构建NS5ATP13与绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）的融合蛋白表达载体,用荧光显微镜观察NS5ATP13-GFP融合蛋白在细胞的分布。结果 HCV NS5A可反式激活NS5ATP13基因的表达,NS5ATP13-GFP融合蛋白荧光主要集中在细胞核质,转染细胞出现大量双核及多核现象,活细胞发光法检测NS5ATP13具有促进细胞增殖的作用。结论 NS5ATP13基因生物学功能的研究,为HCV致肝纤维化和肝癌的病理机制研究提供新的思路。     

RNA interference blocks gene expression and RNA synthesis from hepatitis C replicons propagated in human liver cells

RNA interference represents an exciting new technology that could have therapeutic applications for the treatment of viral infections. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of chronic liver disease and affects >270 million individuals worldwide. The HCV genome is a single-stranded RNA that functions as both a messenger RNA and replication template, making it an attractive target for the study of RNA interference. Double-stranded small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules designed to target the HCV genome were introduced through electroporation into a human hepatoma cell line (Huh-7) that contained an HCV subgenomic replicon. Two siRNAs dramatically reduced virus-specific protein expression and RNA synthesis to levels that were 90% less than those seen in cells treated with negative control siRNAs. These same siRNAs protected naive Huh-7 cells from challenge with HCV replicon RNA. Treatment of cells with synthetic siRNA was effective >72 h, but the duration of RNA interference could be extended beyond 3 weeks through stable expression of complementary strands of the interfering RNA by using a bicistronic expression vector. These results suggest that a gene-therapeutic approach with siRNA could ultimately be used to treat HCV.