A Comparison of the Posterior versus Lateral Approaches to the Block of the Sciatic Nerve in the Popliteal Fossa

Background: The main disadvantage of the posterior approach to the block of the sciatic nerve in the popliteal fossa (popliteal block [PB]) is the need to place the patient in the prone position. In this study, the authors examined the clinical utility of a recently described lateral approach to PB that is performed with the patient in the supine position, and they compared its ability to provide reliable surgical anesthesia with that of the posterior approach.

Methods: Fifty patients undergoing surgery of a lower extremity were randomized to receive the PB using either the lateral (n = 25) or the posterior approach (n = 25). With both techniques, 40 ml 1.5% alkalinized mepivacaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine were injected on successful nerve localization using low current output nerve stimulation.

Results: There were no differences in American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status or demographic data between the groups (ASA status, I-III; mean age, 50 +/- 15 yr; 27 men, 23 women). All patients had good intraoperative analgesia, except one in the lateral group, who reported pain outside the distribution of the sciatic nerve.     

Surgeon-Performed High-Dose Bupivacaine Periarticular Injection With Intra-Articular Saphenous Nerve Block Is Not Inferior to Adductor Canal Block in Total Knee Arthroplasty

BackgroundPeriarticular injection or anesthesiologist-performed adductor canal block are commonly used for pain management after total knee arthroplasty. A surgeon-performed, intra-articular saphenous nerve block has been recently described. There is insufficient data comparing the efficacy and safety of these methods.MethodsThis is a retrospective two-surgeon cohort study comparing short-term perioperative outcomes after primary total knee arthroplasty, in 50 consecutive patients with surgeon-performed high-dose periarticular injection and intra-articular saphenous nerve block (60 mL 0.5% bupivacaine, 30 mL saline, 30mg ketorolac) and 50 consecutive patients with anesthesiologist-performed adductor canal catheter (0.25% bupivacaine 6 mL/h infusion pump placed postoperatively with ultrasound guidance). Chart review assessed pain scores through POD #1, opioid use, length of stay, and short-term complications, including local anesthetic systemic toxicity. Statistical analysis was performed with two-tailed Student's T-test.ResultsThe high-dose periarticular injection cohort had significantly lower pain scores in the postanesthesia care unit (mean difference 1.4, P = .035), on arrival to the inpatient ward (mean difference 1.7, P = .013), and required less IV narcotics on the day of surgery (mean difference 6.5 MME, P = .0004). There was no significant difference in pain scores on POD #1, total opioid use, day of discharge, or short-term complications. There were no adverse events related to the high dose of bupivacaine.ConclusionCompared with postoperative adductor canal block catheter, an intraoperative high-dose periarticular block demonstrated lower pain scores and less IV narcotic use on the day of surgery. No difference was noted in pain scores on POD #1, time to discharge, or complications. There were no cardiovascular complications (local anesthetic systemic toxicity) despite the high dose of bupivacaine injected.Level of EvidenceIII.     

Comparison of Local Infiltration of Analgesia and Sciatic Nerve Block in Addition to Femoral Nerve Block for Total Knee Arthroplasty

We conducted a prospective randomized controlled trial to test the null hypothesis that there is no difference between sciatic nerve block (SNB) and local infiltration of analgesia (LIA) regarding postoperative analgesia after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), when administrated in addition to femoral nerve block (FNB). Forty-six patients scheduled for TKA were randomized into two groups: concomitant administration of FNB and SNB or FNB and LIA. Average pain scores during the first 21 days after surgery were similar in the two groups and remained at low level. There was no significant difference in the need for adjuvant analgesics, patient satisfaction level, the time to achieve rehabilitation goals, and length of hospital stay. The LIA offers a potentially safer alternative to SNB as an adjunct to FNB.     

隐神经卡压征的临床解剖学研究

目的 :探讨隐神经卡压征的解剖学基础。方法 :利用 2 0具成人尸体和 1 5条游离下肢 ,解剖、观测了隐神经在股部穿收肌腱板裂孔和在膝部穿缝匠肌—股薄肌下端间隙处的形态参数 ,并定位。结果 :在股部的收肌腱板裂孔处 ,隐神经宽 (2 .7± 0 .4)mm ,厚(1 .2± 0 .3)mm(厚 /宽 :0 .46) ;裂孔宽 (5 .2± 0 .7)mm ,高 (1 4 .1± 2 .4)mm ,孔远大于穿行其内的隐神经。在膝部的缝匠肌—股薄肌腱间隙处 ,神经宽 (2 .2± 0 .3)mm ,厚 (0 .8± 0 .2 )mm(厚 /宽 :0 .37) ;膝部隐神经更扁薄 ,且当膝关节屈伸时 ,神经在缝匠肌—肌薄肌间隙中受挤压 ,并与两肌内面的腱组织产生摩擦。另为隐神经卡压征的定位提供了一些参数。结论 :就股部收肌腱板裂孔和膝部缝匠肌—股薄肌间隙而言 ;隐神经更易在膝部的肌间隙内受挤压和摩擦而损伤。     

超声引导下隐神经阻滞联合帕瑞昔布用于胫骨高位截骨术后精准镇痛的临床应用研究

目的 探讨超声引导下隐神经阻滞联合帕瑞昔布用于胫骨高位截骨术后镇痛的临床疗效。方法 选取2020年1月至2021年3月于我院行胫骨高位截骨手术的病人,按照时间顺序进行分组研究,将病人分为三组：2020年1月至2020年5月超声引导隐神经阻滞（罗哌卡因）联合术后静脉注射帕瑞昔布者纳入A组;2020年6月至2020年10月超声引导隐神经阻滞（罗哌卡因）联合术后静脉镇痛泵（舒芬太尼）者纳入B组;2020年11月至2021年3月术后静脉镇痛泵（舒芬太尼）者纳入C组。统计分析三组病人疼痛、功能、并发症方面的差异。结果 静息状态下,术后4 h、12 h,A组疼痛视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale,VAS）评分均明显低于B组和C组;术后4 h、12 h、24 h,A组、B组VAS评分均明显低于C组;术后48 h、6 d,A组明显低于C组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。屈曲45°活动状态下,术后4 h、12 h、24 h、48 h,A组和B组的VAS评分均明显低于C组;术后6 d,A组明显低于B组和C组,差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。术后24 h、48 h...     

隐神经髌下支卡压症

目的 从解剖和临床两方面探讨隐神经髋下支卡压症的的机制及诊治方法。方法 解剖10具成人固定尸体，观察隐神经髌下支与周围结构的毗邻关系。对8例隐神经髌下支卡压症的患进行l临床观察和分析。结果 30％(6侧)隐神经髌下支直接发自股神经，且不行走在Hunter’s管内。30％(6侧)从Hunter’s管内发自隐神经，并穿该管前壁腱板浅出。髋下支发出后80％(16侧)穿缝匠肌至膝内前下部，穿出点周围均为致密结缔组织。在膝内前下部髌下支和深筋膜紧密连在一起。8例患，7例局封治疗，1例手术治疗，均取得了较好的效果。结论 隐神经髌下支在行径途中多处可受到卡压，局封治疗一般可取得较好效果。     

Inadvertent Abducens Nerve Block during Therapeutic Trigeminal Nerve Block

A case is presented where reversible abducens nerve block accompanied second and third division trigeminal block with bupivacaine on two occasions. Intra-orbital injection through the inferior orbital fissure most likely took place. Careful positioning of the needle and limitation of the drug volume is mandatory for therapeutic trigeminal nerve blocks with neurolytic solutions.     

Myxofibrosarcoma Involving the External Saphenous Nerve: a Case Report

Myxofibrosarcoma, also known as “myxoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma” is one of the most common soft tissue sarcomas in the extremities of adult patients. Most cases are characterized by a multinodular and/or infiltrative pattern with a tendency to infiltrate along fascial planes. We report a case of myxofibrosarcoma with an unusual presentation. Despite the clinical impression of a complete surgical resection, microscopic sarcomatous foci extended along the perineurium of the external saphenous nerve proximally up to 20 cm away from the main tumour. This unique case represents an extreme example of the locally agressive behaviour of soft tissue sarcomas and illustrates the microscopic tumour invasion along major nerves.     

A New Anterior Approach to the Sciatic Nerve Block

Background: Although several anterior approaches to sciatic nerve block have been described, they are used infrequently. The authors describe a new anterior approach that allows access to the sciatic nerve with the patient in the supine position.

Method: Sciatic nerve blocks were performed in 22 patients. A line was drawn between the inferior border of the anterosuperior iliac spine and the superior angle of the pubic symphysis tubercle. Next, a perpendicular line bisecting the initial line was drawn and extended 8 cm caudad. The needle was inserted perpendicularly to the skin, and the sciatic nerve was identified at a depth of 10.5 cm (9.5-13.5 cm; median and range) using a nerve stimulator and a 15-cm b-beveled insulated needle. After appropriate localization, either 30 ml mepivacaine, 1.5% (group 1 = knee arthroscopy; n = 16), or 15 ml mepivacaine, 1.5%, plus 15 ml ropivacaine, 0.75%, (group 2 = other procedures; n = 6) was injected.

Results: Appropriate landmarks were determined within 1.3 min (0.5-2.0 min). The sciatic nerve was identified in all patients within 2.5 min (1.2-5 min), starting from the beginning of the appropriate landmark determination to the stimulation of its common peroneal nerve component in 13 cases and its tibial nerve component in 9 cases. A complete sensory block in the distribution of both the common peroneal nerve component and the tibial nerve component was obtained within 15 min (5-30 min). A shorter onset was observed in patients who received mepivacaine alone compared with those who received a mixture of mepivacaine plus ropivacaine (10 min [5-25 min]vs. 20 min [10-30 min];P< 0.05). Recovery time was 4.6 h (2.5-5.5 h) after mepivacaine administration. The addition of ropivacaine produced a block of a much longer duration 13.8 h (5.2-23.6 h);P< 0.05. No complications were observed.     

髋臼周围截骨三种手术入路比较

目的比较髂腹股沟入路、改良髂股入路、髂股双切口入路进行髋臼周围截骨手术的优缺点。方法自2010年2月至2011年7月对95例101髋分别采用上述三种不同手术入路进行髋臼周围截骨内固定术,通过回顾性研究,在年龄、性别、病变程度相似的情况下,比较不同手术入路髋臼周围截骨手术的手术时间、术中出血量、异体输血量、手术相关早期并发症等的差异。结果髂腹股沟入路手术时间较短、术中出血量较多（P〈0.05）;髂股双切口虽然术中出血量较少（P〈0.05）,但相关并发症较多;改良髂股入路虽手术时间稍延长,但术中出血少（P〈0.05）、相关并发症较少。结论采用改良髂股入路进行髋臼周围截骨手术有较明显的优势。     

Nerve Block in Prostate Surgery

Purpose

We describe a novel technique for anesthetizing the prostate, which should be used for patients at risk undergoing prostate surgery with general, spinal or epidural anesthesia.

Materials and Methods

Local anesthesia to the prostatic plexus supplemented by monitored anesthesia care was performed on 40 patients with outflow obstruction secondary to an enlarged prostate. Of the patients 34 underwent transurethral resection of the prostate, 5 underwent visual laser ablation and 1 underwent transurethral electrovaporization.A 20 gauge spinal needle was inserted via a suprapubic approach toward the base and apex of the prostate, and guided by the left index finger inserted into the rectum. Lidocaine was injected into the prerectal space. Bulging of the rectal wall caused by the amount of lidocaine injected was appreciated. Insertion into the proper area was essential for a good anesthetic result.

Results

Adequate anesthesia levels could be obtained without major complications. All but 1 patient with poor bladder compliance were rendered free of a Foley catheter. There were no deaths.

Conclusions

This technique has definite advantages for patients who are at risk for prostate surgery with general or spinal anesthesia.     

Comparison of the Parasacral Approach and the Posterior Approach, with Single- and Double-Injection Techniques, to Block the Sciatic Nerve

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare parasacral and Winnie's single- or double-injection approaches for sciatic nerve block.

Methods: One hundred fifty adults scheduled to undergo lower limb surgery were randomized to receive on the sciatic nerve 20 ml ropivacaine, 0.75%: single bolus for parasacral and Winnie's single injection. For Winnie's double injection, the peroneal and tibial nerves received separately 10 ml plus 10 ml. Blocks were performed with the use of nerve stimulator (intensity < 0.5 mA, 1 Hz). For the parasacral method, a line was drawn between the posterior superior iliac spine and the ischial tuberosity; needle entry was at 6 cm inferior to the posterior superior iliac spine.

Results: The groups were similar. Time to perform the block was 2 (1-5) min for the parasacral method, with no difference from Winnie's single injection (3 [1-10] min), but was shorter with double injection (5.5 [2-15] min) (P = 0.0001). Onset of sensory block was similar in the parasacral (25 [7.5-50] min) and Winnie single-injection groups (25 [5-50] min) but significantly longer in the double-injection group (15 [5-50] min). Success rates for complete block were similar in the parasacral (66%) and Winnie's double-injection groups (68%) after 30 min but higher in the Winnie's single-injection group for tibial sensory and motor block (48%) (P < 0.017).     

不同浓度罗哌卡因在坐骨神经阻滞中的半数有效剂量比较

目的：比较采用不同浓度罗哌卡因行坐骨神经阻滞时所需的半数有效剂量。方法：择期单侧足踝手术病人30例随机进入高浓度组（ H组,n=15）或低浓度组（ L组,n=15）。采用Probit概率单位回归法计算不同浓度罗哌卡因行坐骨神经阻滞的半数有效剂量。结果：高浓度组的半数有效剂量10.18 mL,低浓度组的半数有效剂量11 mL（P＞0.05）。结论：采用0.375%和0.5%两种不同浓度罗哌卡因行坐骨神经阻滞时所需的半数有效剂量没有显著性差异。