APRIL调节基质金属蛋白酶的表达对结直肠癌细胞转移侵袭能力的影响

目的 研究增殖诱导配体(a proliferation-inducing ligand,APRIL)对结直肠癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)细胞转移侵袭能力和基质金属蛋白酶(matrix metalloproteinases,MMPs)表达的影响,以进一步明确APRIL在CRC转移中的作用.方法 APRIL基因的小干扰RNA质粒载体(siRNAAPRIL)转染人CRC细胞SW480,APRIL重组蛋白(rhAPRIL)刺激CRC细胞HCT-116,Transwell小室转移及侵袭试验分析APRIL对CRC细胞转移及侵袭能力的影响;RT-PCR、ELISA检测MMPs的表达变化.结果 siRNA-APRIL转染的SW480细胞Transwell小室试验转移及侵袭细胞数显著减少(P＜0.05),rhAPRIL刺激的HCT-116细胞Transwell小室试验转移及侵袭细胞数显著增多(P＜0.05);MMP-2、MMP-9及TIMP-1 mRNA,分泌型的MMP-2、MMP-9蛋白表达在转染或刺激前后差别均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);MMP的抑制剂GM6001处理后,SW480对照组和rhAPRIL刺激后的HCT-116细胞Transwell小室侵袭细胞数显著减少(P＜0.05).结论 APRIL通过调节MMPs的表达促进结直肠癌的侵袭和转移,可为结直肠癌转移的干预及治疗提供新的靶点.     

RANKL/OPG系统与类风湿性关节炎

骨质重建是骨吸收和骨形成的动态平衡过程,破骨细胞是骨吸收的效应细胞。类风湿性关节炎(RA)致残的主要原因是关节软骨及骨的破坏,破骨细胞(OC)在RA骨破坏的病理过程中起关键作用。核因子-κB受体活化因子配体(RANKL)／护骨素(OPG)系统对破骨细胞生成起决定作用,也是治疗RA的新靶点。     

Upregulation of OX40 ligand on monocytes contributes to early virological control in patients with chronic hepatitis C

Dysfunctional hepatitis C virus (HCV) specific CD4⁺ T cells are known to contribute to inadequate adaptive immunity in chronic hepatitis C (CHC), although the underlying mechanisms remain largely undefined. In this study, OX40 ligand (OX40L) expression was investigated in 41 treatment‐naïve CHC patients, 20 sustained virological responders and 36 healthy subjects. We observed that OX40L expression was significantly upregulated in peripheral monocytes in CHC patients compared with sustained virological responders and healthy subjects. OX40L upregulation correlated significantly with plasma viral load rather than serum alanine aminotransaminase levels. Furthermore, longitudinal analyses indicated that upregulated OX40L expression on monocytes is closely associated with rapid or early virological responses in patients receiving pegylated IFN‐α/ribavirin treatment. In vitro, HCV core antigen strongly stimulated monocyte expression of OX40L and blockade of TLR2 signaling significantly downregulated OX40L expression. More importantly, elevated OX40L expression was also shown to be closely associated with elevation of the HCV‐specific CD4⁺ T‐cell response and in vitro blockade of OX40L expressed on monocytes led to impaired CD4⁺ T‐cell function. These findings, therefore, implicate OX40L expression can be used as a marker to evaluate antiviral treatment efficacy and extend the notion that enhancement of OX40L expression could be a good way for immunotherapy in CHC patients.     

AMI患者PCI前后sCD40L的水平及临床意义

目的:探讨急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)前后血清可溶性CD40L的水平变化及临床意义.方法:应用酶联免疫吸附法对40例AMI患者进行了PCI治疗前后血清sCD40L、cTnI及CK-MB的检测,并与40例对照组患者进行比较.结果:AMI组sCD40L水平在PCI术前及术后即刻及术后2h均高于对...     

CHF患者血清TNF-α、可溶性Fas和sFasL联检的临床意义

目的:探讨慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者治疗前后血清TNF-α、sFas和sFasL水平的变化及意义.方法:应用放免法对36例CHF患者进行了治疗前后血清TNF-α、sFas和sFasL的检测,并与35例正常健康人作比较.结果:在CHF治疗前,患者血清TNF-α、sFas和sFasL水平非常显著地高于正常人组(P<0.01...     

分泌人可溶性FL基因转染细胞及其生物学活性分析

应用基因重组技术构建了人可溶性FL基因逆转录病毒载体pLXSN FL ,经转染PA317细胞和G4 18筛选抗性细胞克隆 ,获得重组病毒液。NIH3T3细胞进行病毒滴度测定后 ,选择适当滴度的重组病毒 (5× 10 5CFU/ml)感染ECV30 4细胞 ;应用聚合酶链反应 (PCR )及反转录聚合酶链反应 (RT PCR )检测感染ECV30 4细胞FL的DNA及mRNA表达 ;应用ELISA测定rhFL在ECV30 4中的表达水平 ,用荧光标记和流式细胞仪检测转基因上清对单个核细胞来源DC的表型影响及3 H TdR掺入法测定DC对T细胞的促增殖作用。结果表明 ,外源性rhFL基因整合到ECV30 4细胞染色体DNA并有效地转录和翻译 ,稳定表达水平为 82 4ng (10 6细胞 /2 4h )的人FL。转基因ECV细胞培养上清能有效诱导人PBMC来源DC的分化和增强DC对T细胞的激发作用。外源性FL基因可以转移到ECV30 4细胞并稳定表达 ,有助于体外研究内皮细胞与免疫细胞的相互作用     

Introduction of a CD40L genomic fragment via a human artificial chromosome vector permits cell-type-specific gene expression and induces immunoglobulin secretion

Gene therapy using cDNA driven by an exogenous promoter is not suited for genetic disorders that require intrinsic expression of a transgene, such as hyperimmunoglobulin (Ig)M syndrome (HIGM), which is caused by mutations in the CD40L gene. The human artificial chromosome (HAC) vector has the potential to solve this problem, because it can be used to transfer large genomic fragments containing their own regulatory elements. In this study, we examined whether introduction of a genomic fragment of CD40L via the HAC vector permits intrinsic expression of the transgene and has an effect on immunoglobulin secretion. We constructed an HAC vector carrying the mouse CD40L genomic fragment (mCD40L-HAC) in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and transferred the mCD40L-HAC vector into a human CD4-positive active T-cell line (Jurkat) and a human myeloid cell line (U937) via microcell-mediated chromosome transfer (MMCT). The mCD40L-HAC vector permits mCD40L expression in human active T cells but not in human myeloid cells. The mCD40L-HAC also functions to stimulate mouse B cells derived from CD40L(-/-) mice, inducing secretion of IgG. This study may be an initial step toward the therapeutic application of HAC vectors for intrinsic expression of genes, a potential new direction for genome-based gene therapy.     

Enhanced CD40 and ICOSL expression on dendritic cells surface improve anti-tumor immune responses; effectiveness of mRNA/chitosan nanoparticles

Abstract

Objective: To improve dendritic cells (DCs) function, we targeted DCs to over express CD40 and inducible costimulator ligand (ICOSL) costimulatory molecules along with total messenger RNA (mRNA) of tumor cells to achieve a safe and effective system for treatment of tumor.

Materials and methods: We generated CD40 and ICOSL mRNA in vitro and manipulated DCs using chitosan nanoparticles and also lipofectamine transfection system then examined in vitro and in vivo.

Results: Mice bone marrow derived DCs pulsed with total tumor mRNA/CD40 mRNA or ICOSL mRNA showed higher expression of DCs maturation markers (CD40, ICOSL, CD86, and MHC-II) and accelerated secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Co-culture of DCs with T cells enhanced proliferation of T cells and shift toward stronger Th1 cytokine responses especially in presence of CD40 over expressed DCs. Intra-tumor administration of manipulated DCs to 4T1 tumor mice model showed delay in growth of tumor volume, trend to increase in mice survival, and stronger anti-tumor cytokines production in splenocytes of mice model (with higher efficacy of mRNA/chitosan nanoparticle system).

Conclusions: Hence, we suggest that targeting intra-tumor DCs to elicit expression of CD40 and ICOSL and present broad range of tumor antigens could yield effective anti-tumor responses. In this regard, CD40 molecule manipulation trigger stronger functions, while mRNA/chitosan nanoparticles system could provide a high potent tool for targeting strategies.     

PDL2在人胎盘源间充质干细胞对外周血T细胞免疫调节中的作用

目的 研究程序性死亡配体2(programmed death ligand 2,PDL2)在人胎盘源间充质干细胞(human placenta mesenchymal stem cell,hPMSCs)对外周血T细胞活化、增殖及周期免疫调节中的作用.方法 RT-PCR、激光共聚焦(laser scanning confocal microscopy,LSCM)及流式细胞术(flow cytometry,FCM)检测PDL2在hPMSCs上的表达;应用PDL2 siRNA阻断PDL2在hPMSCs上的表达;密度梯度离心法分离纯化T细胞;FCM分析阻断PDL2后,hPMSCs对植物血凝素(PHA)刺激下T细胞活化及波佛脂(PMA)活化下T细胞增殖和周期的影响.结果 hPMSCs高表达PDL2分子,PDL2siRNA能有效阻断PDL2在hPMSCs上的表达;FCM分析结果显示,hPMSCs能够抑制CD69在T细胞上的表达,但阻断PDL2后,CD69的表达与未阻断组相比无明显变化;hPMSCs能够显著抑制PMA活化的T细胞的增殖,且阻断PDL2后,其增殖指数被进一步上调;与未阻断组相比,处于G0/G1期的T细胞数量明显减少,处于S期的细胞数量明显增加.结论 PDL2在hPMSCs上表达能够协同hPMSCs对外周血T细胞周期的抑制,进而抑制T细胞的增殖.     

CHD患者血清可溶性CD40L检测的临床意义

目的:探讨冠心病(CHD)患者血清可溶性CD40L(sCD40L)水平变化的临床意义.方法:应用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)对入选的90例CHD患者[急性心梗(AMI)患者28例,不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)患者35例,稳定型心绞痛(SAP)患者27例]的外周血sCD40L进行检测,并与30例正常对照者血清sCD40L的浓...     

OPG/RANKL/RANK系统及其临床应用

人OPG，RANK和RANKL是3个肿瘤坏死因子家族新成员，主要存在于人的骨髓及其他少数组织中。2000年美国骨与矿物质研究协会对其给予了标准化命名，并统称为OPG/RANKL/RANK系统。作为破骨细胞形成、分化和骨吸收调节的关键调节物，OPG/RANKL/RANK系统在骨质疏松、骨硬化病、类风湿性关节炎、骨肿瘤、Paget’s病、牙周炎及正畸牙移动等临床疾病的发病机制及治疗方面均取得了较大进展。     

串联siRNA干扰沉默结肠癌SW480细胞APRIL基因表达

目的 检测串联siRNA对SW480细胞中增殖诱导配体(APRIL)基因的影响.方法 设计并筛选针对APRIL基因的4条shRNA片段(sh644、sh1451、sh1938、sh2231),分别将其连接至pGenesil-1.1质粒表达载体,形成pGsh644、pGsh1451、pGsh1938、pGsh2231单一表达载体,同时将4条shRNA连接至pGenesil4-T质粒形成pG4串联siRNA表达载体.阳离子脂质体法转染至结直肠癌细胞株SW480.实时荧光定量PCR和Western blot技术检测SW480细胞中APRIL mRNA和蛋白表达水平.结果 经酶切和测序鉴定,构建的串联siRNA质粒载体符合要求.几条siRNA均可有效抑制SW480细胞APRIL基因的表达,APRIL mRNA的抑制率分别是pGsh644(56.2％)、pGsh1451(49.5％)、pGsh1938 (50.9％)、pGsh2231 (49.2％)、pG4(79.3％).蛋白质表达抑制率分别为pGsh644(56.9％)、pGsh1451(48.7％)、pGsh1938(50.1％)、pGsh2231 (46.4％)、pG4 (87.5％) (P＜0.05).其中以pG4抑制效应最强.结论 与传统单一的siRNA表达载体相比,串联siRNA表达载体大大地敲低了结直肠癌细胞株中APRIL基因的表达,为针对结直肠癌APRIL基因的基因治疗提供研究基础.     

Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) protein expression is increased in high-grade prostate cancer

Chemokines, including chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1), may enhance tumor epithelial-stromal interactions facilitating tumor growth and invasion. Studies have linked CXCL1 expression to gastric, colon and skin cancers, however, no study to date has been reported describing CXCL1 in human prostate tumors. Herein, we set out to describe the expression pattern of CXCL1 in human prostate tumors.     

重组人可溶性TRAIL分子诱导白血病细胞株凋亡的研究

比较重组人可溶性TRAIL(rhsTRAIL)诱导Jurkat细胞株、K562细胞株以及HL-60细胞株凋亡之间的差异,探讨这些差异与细胞表面TRAIL受体(DR4、DR5、DcR1和DcR2)表达量的关系。不同浓度的rhsTRAIL分别处理Jurkat细胞、K562细胞和HL-60细胞12 h、24 h和48 h后,用流式细胞仪检测经碘化丙啶(PI)染色后的细胞凋亡情况;用RT-PCR方法检测细胞表面受体DR4、DR5、DcR1、DcR2的表达。培养12 h、24 h、48 h后,不同浓度rhsTRAIL诱导Jurkat细胞株的凋亡率均明显高于对照组,且具有剂量依赖性和时间依赖性;但K562细胞株和HL-60细胞株未见明显的凋亡发生。RT-PCR结果显示,培养12 h、24 h、48 h后,Jurkat细胞株表面DR4的表达随时间的延长和rhsTRAIL浓度的升高而升高,而DR5、DcR1和DcR2的表达未检出;K562和HL-60细胞株表面DR4的表达没有明显变化,而且DR5、DcR1和DcR2的表达也未检出。rhsTRAIL诱导Jurkat细胞株的凋亡具有剂量依赖性和时间依赖性,且与其细胞表面DR4的表达呈正相关;在一定的浓度条件下,rhsTRAIL未能诱导K 562和HL-60细胞株发生明显凋亡,且其细胞表面DR4的表达也未见明显变化。这些结果提示,应用TRAIL治疗不同种类白血病时,应注意它的使用剂量和适应范围。     

Following TRAIL's path in the immune system

The members of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily of cytokines play important roles in the regulation of various immune-cell functions. Likewise, induction of cell death by apoptosis is indispensable for the normal functioning of the immune system. There are two major pathways of apoptosis induction. The intrinsic, or mitochondrial, pathway is regulated by the activation and interaction of members of the Bcl-2 family. The extrinsic, or death receptor, pathway is triggered by certain TNF family members when they engage their respective cognate receptors on the surface of the target cell. Hence, cell-to-cell-mediated death signals are induced by activation of these death receptor–ligand systems. Besides TNF itself and the CD95 (Fas/APO-1) ligand (FasL/Apo1L), the TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL/Apo2L) belongs to the subfamily of ligands that is responsible for extrinsic induction of cell death. Depending on their status of stimulation, TRAIL can be expressed by various cells of the immune system, amongst them natural killer (NK) cells, T cells, natural killer T cells (NKT cells), dendritic cells and macrophages. TRAIL has been implicated in immunosuppressive, immunoregulatory and immune-effector functions. With respect to pathological challenges, TRAIL and its receptors have been shown to play important roles in the immune response to viral infections and in immune surveillance of tumours and metastases. In this review we summarize the current knowledge on the role of TRAIL and its receptors in the immune system and, based on this, we discuss future directions of research into the diverse functions of this fascinating receptor–ligand system.     

人端粒酶逆转录酶核心启动子调控的人TRAIL蛋白在人卵巢癌细胞中的表达

目的：构建人端粒酶逆转录酶基因核心启动子（hTERT）调控的肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体真核表达载体，并检测TRAIL在转染的卵巢癌细胞SKOV3中的表达情况。方法：利用基因重组方法将TRAIL基因克隆人带有hTERT基因核心启动子pIRES2-EGFP真核表达载体中。获得由hTERT基因核心启动子调控的绿色荧光蛋白和带有效应型TRAIL基因的真核表达载体hTERTpromoter-pIRES2-EGFP-TRAIL。采用脂质体介导的方法将hTERT调控的TRAIL基因真核表达载体转染人卵巢癌SKOV3细胞，采用G418筛选获得阳性克隆；应用免疫细胞化学法、蛋白质印迹分析、流式细胞术（FCM）结合间接免疫荧光、RT—PCR法检测转染前后卵巢癌细胞中外源基因的表达。结果：经酶切鉴定及测序结果证实所构建载体正确。转染细胞中的TRAIL表达明显高于对照组细胞。结论：成功地构建了hTRET基因核心启动子调控的TRAIL基因真核表达载体，并在人卵巢癌细胞系SKOV3中得到稳定表达，为进一步研究其对卵巢癌细胞生物学行为的影响奠定了实验基础。     

增殖诱导配体基因的克隆、表达及生物学活性分析

目的克隆人增殖诱导配体(APRIL)基因,分析APRIL蛋白的生物学活性。方法采用RT2PCR技术,从肿瘤细胞株总RNA中克隆了APRIL全长编码基因;构建了APRIL胞外可溶性片段(sAPRIL)的原核表达载体,对表达的蛋白初步纯化后进行生物学活性检测;构建了APRIL编码区的真核表达载体,经脂质体转染转化细胞株,流式细胞仪和MTT法分析表达产物对细胞周期及细胞生长的影响。结果sAPRIL原核表达载体经IPTG诱导后,发现在相对分子质量(Mr)20×103处有一明显的表达条带,纯化蛋白进行初步活性测定显示其可以剂量依赖方式促进细胞的生长;细胞转染实验证实APRIL能促进多种转化细胞的增殖,但对细胞周期无明显影响。结论成功克隆了人APRIL基因,并将其可溶性胞外区片段在大肠杆菌进行了表达;构建了APRIL真核表达载体,初步分析了APRIL的生物学活性,提示APRIL在肿瘤细胞增殖过程中可能起了重要作用,为进一步进行APRIL基因的功能研究及其临床应用奠定了实验基础。     

Influence of B cells in liver fibrosis associated with hepatitis B virus harboring basal core promoter mutations

The development of the liver disease in chronic hepatitis B with common viral variants can be determined through the interaction between the virus and the host immune response. B cells constitute half of the intrahepatic lymphocyte population with an impact on fibrosis. A proliferation‐inducing ligand (APRIL) has been shown to have a co‐stimulatory activity on B cells. For this study HBV DNA was amplified and then sequenced to show the presence of the basal core promoter (BCP) mutations in the serum from 57 patients with chronic hepatitis B. The range of IgD‐positive B cells was detected by immunohistochemistry in liver biopsies; and patients serum was assayed for APRIL levels by enzyme immunoassay. Twenty‐seven patients (47.4%) harbored the A1762T‐G1764A BCP mutations. Coefficients of logistic regression showed that the effect of increasing IgD‐positive B cells in rising odds of the liver disease is the same in the patients with BCP mutation A1762T‐G1764A and in the patients without mutation, nevertheless the effect of APRIL is not similar in these two groups of patients. Logistic regression in patients with BCP A1762T‐G1764A mutations demonstrated that increasing one score of APRIL decreased the odds of fibrosis stage about 8%. These results suggest that in infection with viral variants of hepatitis B virus, the population of IgD‐positive B cells may play a decisive role in later stages of the liver disease which is reduced by APRIL in chronic hepatitis patients with BCP mutations. J. Med. Virol. 84:1889–1896, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Investigation of the relationship between immune checkpoints and mismatch repair deficiency in recurrent and nonrecurrent glioblastoma

Background/aimMicrosatellite instability tests and programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) in the immune checkpoint pathway are the tests that determine who will benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. We aimed to show the expression of DNA mismatch repair proteins and PD-1/PD-L1 molecules that inhibit immune checkpoints, to explain the relationship between them, and to demonstrate their predictive role in recurrent and nonrecurrent glioblastoma.Materials and methodsWe analyzed 27 recurrent and 47 nonrecurrent cases at our archive. We performed immunohistochemical analysis to determine expressions of PD-1, PD-L1, and mismatch repair proteins in glioblastoma. We evaluated the relationship between these two group and compared the results with the clinicopathological features.ResultsThe mean age of diagnosis was significantly lower in recurrent glioblastoma patients. Median survival was longer in this group. We found that PD-L1 expression was reduced in recurrent cases. Additionally, recurrent cases had a significantly higher rate of microsatellite instability. Loss of PMS2 was high in both group but was substantially higher in recurrent cases.ConclusionThe presence of microsatellite instability and low PD-L1 levels, which are among the causes of treatment resistance in glioblastoma, were found to be compatible with the literature in our study, with higher rates in recurrent cases. In recurrent cases with higher mutations and where immunotherapy resistance is expected less, low PD-L1 levels thought that different combinations with other immune checkpoint inhibitors can be tried as predictive and prognostic marker in GBM patients.