可弯曲内科胸腔镜在恶性胸腔积液中的诊断价值

目的:评估可弯曲内科胸腔镜在恶性胸腔积液诊断中的应用价值。方法:对2007年10月-2010年6月的32例恶性胸腔积液患者行可弯曲内科胸腔镜检查的结果进行回顾性分析。所有患者在行内科胸腔镜检查前,其胸腔积液常规、生化、微生物学及细胞学等实验室检查均未能明确病因。结果:32例恶性胸腔积液患者中肺癌28例(腺癌22例、低分化癌6例),淋巴瘤2例,恶性胸膜间皮瘤2例。术后发热1例,未发生其他严重不良事件。结论:可弯曲内科胸腔镜是一种操作简便、安全而有效的诊断方法。对经其他常规检查无法明确诊断,且临床不能排除恶性胸腔积液时,应及时行内科胸腔镜检查以明确诊断。     

胸腔镜对恶性胸腔积液的诊治探讨

目的探讨胸腔镜对恶性胸腔积液的诊治优势.方法对27例恶性胸腔积液患者在胸腔镜辅助下行胸膜活检、固定术.结果所有患者的诊断都得到明确,无一例胸水控制失败,复发5例,术后复张性肺水肿1例.结论胸腔镜对恶性胸腔积液具有良好的诊断价值,且在其辅助下行胸膜固定术有创伤小、效果好等优点.     

内科胸腔镜诊断不明原因胸腔积液的应用价值

目的:探讨内科胸腔镜在不明原因胸腔积液中的诊断价值及安全性.方法:回顾性分析我院2014年12月至2016年5月行内科胸腔镜检查的60例胸腔积液患者的临床资料.结果:所有患者均完成内科胸腔镜检查,60例患者中,56例明确诊断,4例未能明确病理诊断.诊断阳性率为93.3%(56/60).恶性肿瘤41例(73.2%),良性疾病15例(26.8%),其中结核性胸膜炎11例;非特异性炎症4例.所有患者均未发生严重并发症.结论:内科胸腔镜显著提高了不明原因胸腔积液的诊断率,且有安全性高、并发症少等特点,具有重要的临床应用价值.     

Multidisciplinary management of malignant pleural effusion

Approximately 50% of patients with metastatic disease develop a malignant pleural effusion (MPE). Prompt clinical evaluation and treatment to achieve successful palliation are the main goals of management of MPE. Optimal treatment is still controversial and there is no universal standard approach. Management options include observation, thoracentesis, indwelling pleural catheter (IPC) or chest tube placement, pleurodesis, and surgical pleurectomy. The treatment for each patient should be based on symptoms, general condition, and life expectancy.     

经内科胸腔镜多部位胸膜钳夹对恶性胸腔积液的诊治价值

目的 探讨经内科胸腔镜多部位胸膜钳夹对恶性胸腔积液的诊治价值.方法 对31例恶性胸腔积液患者实施胸腔镜检查,并经内科胸腔镜多部位胸膜钳夹,术后置胸腔闭式引流管,接闭式引流瓶,引流3d拔管,与常规抽胸水检查方法比较阳性率、诊断率,观察胸膜固定疗效及不良反应.结果 ①常规方法阳性率71.0%,诊断率35.5%,确诊率19.4%,而胸腔镜阳性率、诊断率、确诊率均为100%,两种方法比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).② 31例恶性胸腔积液患者经治疗后完全缓解(CR)21例,部分缓解(PR)5例,稳定( SD)2例,无效(PD)4例,完全缓解率67.7%,总有效率83.9%,4例出现胸水复发,复发率19.0%,无持久性疼痛、大出血、心律失常和气胸等并发症发生.结论 经内科胸腔镜多部位胸膜钳夹不仅能准确诊断恶性胸膜疾病,还能有效治疗恶性胸腔积液,具有操作简单、安全性高、病人易接受、检查与治疗一次完成的优势,可作为恶性胸腔积液的初始治疗方法.     

胸腔镜在恶性胸腔积液诊断和治疗上的应用

目的　探讨胸腔镜在恶性胸腔积液诊断和治疗上的价值。方法　对15例原因不明的胸腔积液患者作胸腔镜检查,并经胸腔镜喷入滑石粉及顺铂治疗。结果　所有病例经胸腔镜行活检均确诊为恶性病变,总诊断率为100%。经滑石粉喷入和顺铂局部治疗后14例获得完全的胸膜固定,持久的成功率为93.3%。结论　胸腔镜对胸腔积液病因诊断有较高临床实用价值,滑石粉胸膜固定加顺铂治疗是控制恶性胸腔积液、治疗晚期癌症的一种有效方法。     

Calprotectin: a novel biomarker for the diagnosis of pleural effusion

Background:

Novel non-invasive biomarkers for the precise diagnosis of malignancy in pleural effusion (PE) are needed. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of calprotectin for predicting malignancy in patients with exudative PE.

Methods:

Calprotectin concentration was measured in 156 individuals diagnosed with exudative PE (67 malignant and 89 benign). Calprotectin accuracy for discriminating between malignant and benign PE was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed to test the association between calprotectin levels and malignant PE.

Results:

Calprotectin levels were significantly lower in malignant pleural fluid (257.2 ng ml⁻¹, range: 90.7–736.4) than benign effusions (2627.1 ng ml⁻¹, range: 21–9530.1). The area under the curve was 0.963. A cutoff point of ⩽736.4 ng ml⁻¹ rendered a sensitivity of 100%, with a specificity of 83.15%, which could prove useful to delimit those patients with negative cytology tests that should be referred for more invasive diagnostic procedures. Logistic regression demonstrated a strong association between calprotectin and malignancy (adjusted OR 663.14).

Conclusion:

Calprotectin predicts malignancy in pleural fluid with high accuracy and could be a good complement to cytological methods.     

胸腔镜术对胸膜间皮瘤的诊断价值

目的：评价胸腔镜检查对胸膜间皮瘤的诊断价值。方法：对52例经常规检查未明确病因的胸膜间皮瘤患者采用胸腔镜直视下于病变处取活组织检查，并与经皮胸膜活检相比较。结果：胸腔镜对胸膜间皮瘤的诊断率为100％，组织类型：良性纤维型9例，上皮型18例，纤维肉瘤型22例，混合型3例。经皮胸膜活检诊断率为23．1％（12／52），两者之间有显著差异。结论：胸腔镜检查对胸膜间皮瘤是一种安全、有效、诊断率高的检查手段。     

10-羟基喜树碱腔内注射治疗恶性胸腹水

目的观察１０－羟基喜树碱腔内注射治疗恶性胸（腹）水的疗效。方法腔内灌注１０－羟基喜树碱治疗２７例恶性胸（腹）腔积液患者。结果ＣＲ９例,ＰＲ１３例,ＮＲ５例。有效率８１．５％（２２／２７）。此局部治疗耐受性好,无明显毒副反应。结论与其它胸（腹）水治疗方法比较,该方法具有疗效高、毒副反应低的特点。     

Assessing outcomes in prostate cancer clinical trials: a twenty-first century tower of Babel

BACKGROUND: Because of the osseous distribution of prostate cancer metastases, progression is more readily identified than response in prostate cancer clinical trials. As a result, there is an increased focus on progression-free survival (PFS) as a phase 2 endpoint. PFS, however, is vulnerable to inter-study design variability. The authors sought to identify and quantify this variability and the resultant error in PFS across prostate cancer clinical trials. METHODS: The authors reviewed phase 2 clinical trials of cytotoxic agents in castration-resistant metastatic prostate cancer over 5 years to evaluate the policies determining extent of disease and the definitions of disease progression. A simulation model was created to define the degree of error in estimating PFS in 3 hypothetical cohorts (median PFS of 12, 24, and 36 weeks) when the frequency of outcome assessments varies. RESULTS: Imaging policies for trial entry were heterogeneous, as were the type, timing, and indications for outcome assessments. In the simulation, error in the reported PFS varied according to the interval between assessments. The difference between the detected and the true PFS could vary as much as 6.4 weeks per cycle, strictly resulting from the variability of assessment schedules tested. CONCLUSIONS: Outcome assessment policies are highly variable in phase 2 studies of castration-resistant prostate cancer patients, despite published guidelines designed to standardize authentication of disease progression. The estimated error in PFS can exceed 6 weeks per cycle, exclusively because of variations in the assessment schedules. Comparisons of PFS times from different studies must be made with circumspection.     

Breast cancer complicated by pleural effusion: Patient characteristics and results of surgical management

To evaluate the efficiency of pleurodesis (PD) in the management of symptomatic malignant pleural effusion (PE) in breast cancer, we reviewed 46 patients undergoing 49 PDs. When radiotherapy was part of the initial treatment, 41% of PEs were ipsilateral to the primary, if not, 85% of PEs were ipsilateral (P < 0.0075). Six percent of patients presented dyspneic with exertion, 32% during daily routine; 61% at rest. All except 1 were improved after PD; 74% had no dyspnea, 23% had exertional dyspnea. PD relieved chest pain in 4 and cough in 5 patients. With 31 Talc/Iodine PDs, 2 mortalities and 2 minor complications occurred. Of 17 tetracycline PDs, 1 was complicated by bronchopleural fistula and 1 failed. 1 Mustine PD was uncomplicated. Survival at 6, 12, and 24 months was 58%, 40%, and 13%, respectively. Primary local radiotherapy may prevent ipsilateral PE. Talc/Iodine and tetracycline PD reliably provide relief from the distressing symptoms of malignant PE. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

胸腔积液与血清癌胚抗原比值对胸腔积液性质的诊断效果

目的 探讨胸腔积液与血清癌胚抗原比值对胸腔积液性质的诊断效果.方法 选取2018年1月至2019年10月间上海市宝山区罗店医院收治的86例胸腔积液患者,按照胸腔积液良恶性质将患者分为恶性组34例和良性组52例.使用电化学发光免疫分析法检测患者的胸腔积液、血清癌胚抗原水平,计算两者比值,比较两组患者及恶性组不同病理类型的...     

Diagnosis of oligodendroglioma: Molecular and classical histological assessment in the twenty-first century

Advances in molecular genetics are currently challenging the traditional morphological categorization of gliomas. Recurrent molecular and cytogenetic aberrations add prognostic and predictive information over and above that provided by standard histomorphological techniques and may influence decisions to re-operate or observe, to deliver radiation or not, or to administer chemotherapy to glioma patients. The importance of routine hematoxylin and eosin (H-E pathological stains cannot be underestimated, especially in resource-poor areas and developing countries where there is likely to be a significant economic opportunity cost for molecular diagnosis services. New research tools for image analyses of histological H-E slides, such as the precise measures of cell area, curvature and nuclear roundness, may provide an increased ability to provide an accurate classification for an inherently subjective process of histological assessment. We discuss the current trends, limitations and impact of molecular classification in this mini review.     

microRNA-29a在结核性与恶性胸腔积液鉴别诊断和疗效预测中的价值

目的:研究microRNA-29a在鉴别结核性胸腔积液和恶性胸腔积液中的作用，探索microRNA-29a在预测结核性胸腔积液疗效中的价值。方法:2015年3月至2016年3月就诊于我院的48例结核性胸腔积液患者和40例恶性胸腔积液患者，用Trizol试剂提取胸水、血及痰中RNA，利用RT-PCR 技术检测 microRNA-29a的相对表达量，分析在结核性胸腔积液和恶性胸腔积液中表达的差异，对结核性胸腔积液患者进行胸腔穿刺抽液及2HRZE／10HRE方案抗结核治疗，动态检测microRNA-29a在血中表达的变化，分析其与患者疗效之间的关系。结果:microRNA-29a 在结核性胸腔积液患者外周血清和胸腔积液中的表达量显著高于恶性胸腔积液患者，差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)；但在痰中的表达无明显差异，结核性胸腔积液患者给予穿刺抽液及抗结核治疗后，外周血中microRNA-29a的表达下调。结论:血及胸水中microRNA-29a的表达量有助于鉴别结核性胸腔积液和恶性胸腔积液，血中microRNA-29a的表达变化有助于预测结核性胸腔积液疗效。     

良恶性胸腔积液的临床特征及预测因素分析

目的:对比分析良恶性胸腔积液的临床特征,筛选恶性胸腔积液可能的预测因素。方法:收集良性胸腔积液患者30人和恶性胸腔积液患者32人的临床资料,分析胸腔积液及血液学相关指标（胸腔积液物理性状、胸腔积液和血液学生化、肿瘤标志物）。结果:恶性胸腔积液患者的年龄明显高于良性胸腔积液患者,但二者在性别分布上无差异。恶性胸腔积液的乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、腺苷脱氨酶（ADA）、γ-干扰素（γ-IFN）显著低于良性胸腔积液,而癌胚抗原（CEA）、糖类抗原（CA19-9）、神经特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）显著高于良性胸腔积液（P均<0.05）。两组患者血液LDH、ADA、CEA、CA19-9的差异也具有统计学意义。条件Logistic回归分析发现CEA>10ng/ml、血性胸腔积液、ADA<15U/ml、CA19-9>20U/ml为恶性胸腔积液的预测因素。结论:非肿瘤标志物（如胸水颜色、ADA值）也有助于胸腔积液性质的判断。恶性胸腔积液的预测作用由大到小依次为CEA、血性胸腔积液、ADA、CA19-9。     

The twenty-first century and the control of cancer?

In order to look ahead at what may be accomplished in cancer control by the year 2010, one must look at where we have been and where we are today. Because of the accelerated pace of life and the information and technological explosion, it is necessary to rethink and adopt different attitudes in much the same manner that we have different attitudes now than we had in the 1950s. The past 40 years have brought a 50% cure rate in cancer, higher cancer incidence rates, a population that will now become older and older, and a zero growth rate by 2050. There is a real possibility of being able to control 85%-90% of cancers by 2010. This will result from the marriage of the biotechnology and molecular genetic fields, the death of the tobacco industry, discoveries in prevention, and improvements in therapy and early detection. The key to these advances will be the oncology nurse. The nurse will be the healthcare change agent of the twenty-first century using the expertise developed as the deliverer to the patient while the physician will become the advisor to patients, business, and the community.     

Tumor markers in pleural effusion diagnosis

In order to discriminate between malignant and benign effusions, the values of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), ferritin, beta2-microglobulin (BMG), acid-soluble glycoprotein (ASP), tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA), adenosine deaminase (ADA), and immunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP) were measured in the pleural fluid of 54 patients with lung cancer, 20 with malignancies other than lung cancer, 18 with tuberculous pleurisy, and 22 with benign diseases other than tuberculosis. CEA levels in malignant effusions were significantly higher than those in benign effusions. At a cutoff level of 5 ng/ml, 68% of the patients with lung cancer and 44% of the patients with other malignancies showed elevated pleural fluid CEA levels. In 13 lung cancer cases with negative pleural fluid cytology, nine cases had elevated pleural fluid CEA levels. The mean pleural fluid BMG level of patients with benign diseases was significantly higher than that of patients with malignant diseases, but there was a marked overlap between those with malignant and benign diseases. No significant differences were found in the pleural fluid ferritin, ASP, TPA, and IAP levels between malignant and benign conditions. ASP and IAP pleural fluid levels showed significant correlations with the pleural fluid C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations suggesting that they also reflect inflammatory activity. The mean ADA activity in tuberculous effusion was significantly higher than that resulting from other causes of pleural effusion.