表皮生长因子溶液配合负压封闭引流技术治疗深Ⅱ度烧伤创面的疗效观察

目的：：观察应用表皮生长因子溶液冲洗封闭负压引流装置和创面治疗深Ⅱ度烧伤创面的疗效。方法：四肢深Ⅱ度烧伤患者60例,年龄18~60岁,烧伤创面面积5%~10%,随机分为治疗组和对照组。两组均采用负压封闭引流技术治疗,分别以表皮生长因子溶液(治疗组)或生理盐水(对照组)每日2次冲洗负压装置。伤后第5、10、15天更换负压装置,并观察体温变化、创面愈合率及创面完全愈合时间。结果：①治疗组11例(36.7%)患者出现发热,较对照组(12例,40.0%)差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.071,P =0.791)。②治疗组第10、15天创面愈合率[0.47670±0.02783和0.78070±0.02599]明显高于对照组[0.42570±0.02445比0.73130±0.02945],创面总体愈合时间[(19.27±1.82)d]短于对照组[(23.10±2.07)d],差异均有统计学意义(P 均<0.05)。④治疗前,治疗组和对照组分别有5例和6例患者创面分泌物细菌培养阳性,治疗后两组均有2例未愈创面,其分泌物细菌培养结果均为阴性。结论：表皮生长因子溶液配合密闭式负压吸引作为负压装置冲洗剂,能促进深Ⅱ度烧伤创面愈合,提高负压封闭引流技术在深Ⅱ度烧伤创面的疗效。     

VSD不同负压引流对皮肤软组织严重损伤创面的影响

目的探讨负压封闭引流技术(VSD)不同负压对皮肤软组织严重损伤创面引流效果的影响,旨在为规范创面引流护理提供参考。方法将67例皮肤软组织严重损伤患者采用随机数字表法分为观察组(34例)和对照组(33例),两组彻底清创后,采用VSD敷料覆盖或填充创面,并行负压引流,观察组采用-0.06~-0.08MPa的负压引流,对照组采用-0.02~-0.04Mpa的负压引流。两组引流初期(引流48~72h)均用生理盐水持续冲洗,以后根据创面渗液情况停止冲洗或改为间断冲洗。结果观察组堵管发生率、创面感染率显著低于对照组,第1周平均引流量显著多于对照组,创面清洁及愈合时间显著短于对照组(P0.05,P0.01)。结论对于皮肤软组织严重损伤创面行VSD引流,建议采用-0.06~-0.08MPa的负压,能降低堵管发生率、保持引流通畅,降低创面感染发生率,促进创面愈合。     

负压封闭引流技术联合银离子敷料治疗骨科感染性创面的临床研究

目的 探讨负压封闭引流技术(vacuum sealing drainage, VSD)联合银离子敷料治疗骨科感染性创面的临床效果。方法 2019年10月～2021年6月期间符合筛选标准的病人30例,随机分为实验组和对照组各15例,对照组采用常规VSD治疗,实验组采用VSD联合银离子敷料治疗。1周后,比较两组创面细菌清除率、肉芽组织覆盖率,记录两组创面愈合时间及治疗总有效率。结果 治疗1周后,实验组细菌清除率为(97.90±1.34)%,对照组为(89.58±1.26)%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);实验组肉芽组织覆盖率为(89.59±2.05)%,对照组为(76.02±1.69)%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);实验组创面愈合时间为(17.67±1.18)天,对照组为(22.33±2.09)天,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);实验组治疗有效率为93.33%,对照组为73.33%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 对于骨科感染性创面,采用VSD联合银离子敷料治疗效果满意,能有效减少创面感染、促进创面愈合。     

递减式调整VSD负压对软组织严重损伤创面愈合的影响

目的探讨递减式调整负压封闭引流术(VSD)负压对软组织严重损伤创面愈合的影响。方法将79例开放性软组织严重损伤患者随机分为观察组40例、对照组39例,两组创面彻底清创后给予VSD引流。观察组递减式调整负压,初期创面损伤软组织、坏死物及渗液较多的情况负压调整至-0.06～-0.08 MPa,之后除创面感染渗液多且黏稠不易引出外,采用递减式调整负压,逐渐调整至-0.02～-0.04 MPa;对照组负压值持续维持在-0.06～-0.08 MPa。比较两组引流液量、创面面积变化、创面清洁时间、创面愈合时间,以及堵管、出血、疼痛、感染等并发症发生率。结果两组出血、疼痛、创面面积、创面愈合时间比较,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。两组堵管、引流液量、创面清洁时间、新发感染率比较,差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论对软组织严重损伤创面采用递减式调整负压的VSD引流较常规VSD引流,具有引流充分、减少疼痛及出血、促进创面愈合等优点。     

超声清创联合封闭负压技术治疗下肢多因素慢性溃疡的病例回顾研究

目的观察超声清创联合封闭负压引流技术在下肢多因素慢性溃疡治疗中的应用效果。方法选取2018年1月至2021年5月的下肢多因素慢性溃疡患者50例。按照治疗方式的不同将患者分为观察组及对照组,每组各25例,观察组采用超声清创联合封闭负压引流技术治疗,对照组采用传统清创换药联合封闭负压引流技术治疗。治疗后观察3周,比较两组患者治疗期间创面细菌清除率、创面缩小率、创面疼痛评分及患者满意度,并进行统计学分析,判断疗效。结果治疗3周后,细菌清除率观察组为100%,对照组为72%;观察组创面缩小率(48.24±7.26)%,对照组(23.02±2.60)%;观察组创面疼痛评分为1.24±0.44,对照组为2.32±0.78;患者满意度评分观察组为8.02±0.76,对照组为5.86±0.84。两组对应指标比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论超声清创联合封闭负压引流技术治疗下肢多因素慢性溃疡,能有效清除细菌,减轻感染,改善血运,缩短创面愈合时间,减轻患者痛苦,达到明显促进创面修复的效果。     

改良式负压封闭引流技术联合局部氧疗在犬咬伤Ⅲ级暴露创面的应用

目的探讨改良式负压封闭引流技术联合局部氧疗治疗犬咬伤Ⅲ级暴露创面的效果。方法将45例犬咬伤Ⅲ级暴露创面患者按入院先后顺序分为观察组23例和对照组22例。观察组以优拓SSD为负压介质敷料行负压封闭引流联合局部氧疗进行创面治疗;对照组采用传统无菌纱布换药。结果观察组细菌清除率、换药疼痛程度、创面床准备时间及换药次数显著优于对照组(均P0.01)。结论采用改良式负压封闭引流联合局部氧疗治疗犬咬伤Ⅲ级暴露创面,可有效清除细菌,减轻换药疼痛,缩短创面床准备时间,有利于创面愈合。     

波动式负压引流技术在穿支皮瓣移植修复难愈性创面中的应用

目的：分析波动式负压封闭引流(VSD)技术在穿支皮瓣移植修复难愈性创面患者中的应用效果。方法：将2017年1月-2020年4月在笔者医院接受诊治的60例难愈性创面患者按随机数字表法分观察组与对照组,每组30例。对照组清创术毕后常规放置引流条,无菌辅料包扎并定期换药,观察组接受VSD干预,两组肉芽组织生长满意后均行穿支皮瓣移植修复。比较两组炎症指标、细菌清除率、肉芽组织覆盖率、创面愈合时间、首次清创距离手术时间、换药次数、住院时间及首次清创后3 d、7 d、11 d时的视觉模拟评分(VAS)评分,统计两组创面愈合率。结果：治疗7 d后,两组白细胞计数(WBC)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)、血沉(ESR)较治疗前均明显下降,观察组WBC、CRP、ESR水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组细菌清除率及肉芽组织覆盖率高于对照组,创面愈合时间、首次清创距离手术时间、住院时间较对照组短,换药次数较对照组少(P<0.05)。观察组首次清创后3 d、7 d、11 d时的VAS评分显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组创面愈合率高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论：较...     

封闭负压引流技术对猪皮肤软组织爆炸伤感染创面的疗效

目的 了解封闭负压引流(VAC)技术对猪皮肤软组织爆炸伤感染创面的疗效. 方法 用电雷管在4只小白家猪双侧肩胛及双侧臀部共造成16个爆炸伤创面,将创面分为对照组和负压治疗组.2组创面伤后前2 d不作任何处理任其感染;第3天起,对照组创面用油纱换药,负压治疗组创面行VAC治疗.于治疗前(伤后第3天)及开始治疗后1、3、6、9、14、19、24 d测量并计算创面的面积、深度;取创面组织进行病理形态学观察,检测细胞增殖指数、血管内皮细胞数、髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性和细菌计数.记录创面愈合时间. 结果 开始治疗后第1、3天,负压治疗组创面面积和创面深度不再扩大和加深,创面内炎性细胞、血管内皮细胞和增殖细胞数目均增多,MPO活性明显增高,细菌数明显减少;此期间对照组各指标变化情况与该组相反.治疗后1～19 d,2组创面的面积、深度、血管内皮细胞数以及细菌数比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);治疗后1～9 d,2组创面细胞增殖指数差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);治疗后3、6 d,2组创面MPO活性比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).对照组创面愈合时间为(32.8±1.6)d,明显长于负压治疗组的(25.8±1.0)d(P＜0.01).结论与常规换药相比,VAC能明显减少猪皮肤软组织爆炸伤感染创面的细菌数量,减轻继发性坏死,促进炎性反应,快速启动肉芽组织生成,缩短创面愈合时间.     

复合溶葡萄球菌酶消毒剂治疗烧伤后期创面感染的临床观察

目的 观察复合溶葡萄球菌酶消毒剂在治疗烧伤后期创面感染的疗效和安全性,评价其临床应用价值.方法 对入选的60例烧伤后期创面感染患者,采用随机分组,在常规治疗的基础上,治疗组入院后创面应用复合溶葡萄球菌酶消毒剂(上海高科生物工程有限公司生产)溶液清创并湿敷,1次/d;对照组以庆大霉素+0.9%氯化钠注射液纱布湿敷,1次/d.2组创面清洁后40例行清创植皮,治疗组及对照组各20例.检测创面菌群变化,比较两组累计细菌清除率、创面愈合时间及愈合率.结果 治疗组用药后3、6、9d累计细菌清除率为45.8%、73.9%、89.5%,较对照组13.8%、27.6%、57.4%明硅增高(P＜0.01).创面愈合时间治疗组(12±5)d,较对照组(16±4)d明显缩短(P＜0.01).创丽愈合率治疗组明显高于对照组(P＜0.01).用药后均未发现不良反应.结论 烧伤后期创面感染应用复合溶葡萄球菌酶消毒剂治疗,有效地控制了感染、提高了植皮成活率、缩短了创面愈合时间,安全有效.     

负压创面治疗技术联合重组人碱性成纤维细胞生长因子持续冲洗在慢性创面治疗中的应用

目的：探讨负压创面治疗技术(Negative pressure wound therapy,NPWT)联合重组人碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(Recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor,rh-bFGF)持续冲洗治疗慢性创面的临床效果。方法：选取医院烧伤整形外科2020年1月-12月收治的100例慢性创面患者为研究对象,随机分为A组和B组,每组各50例。A组采取NPWT联用生理盐水冲洗治疗,B组为NPWT联用rh-bFGF溶液持续冲洗。比较两组肉芽组织覆盖率、疼痛评分、创面细菌阳性率及炎症指标。结果：治疗后,两组疼痛评分、白细胞计数、C反应蛋白均降低,且B组低于A组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。B组新生肉芽组织覆盖率和创面愈合率明显高于A组,创面细菌阳性率低于A组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论：NPWT联用rh-bFGF持续冲洗可降低创面感染率,促进一期肉芽组织新生,减少二期手术间隔时间,有一定临床应用价值。     

火药枪伤的创伤弹道学特点及治疗

作者自1991年1月—1994年12月收治火药枪伤96例.火器威力大,射击距离近,以四肢及肢带致伤较多而严重,合并休克22例,骨折28例,周围神经损伤24例,血管伤19例,血气胸6例,拇指断离3例,小腿毁损伤3例,直肠、膀胱伤1例.经有效救治均未致死,较大创口70处清创后一期缝合,62处一期愈合,修复动脉16条,15例成功,26处骨折一期内固定成功,无1例发生骨髓炎.     

IS PENETRATING INJURY ON THE INCREASE IN SOUTH-WESTERN SYDNEY?

Background: Few Australian studies describe the epidemiology of penetrating trauma. This study describes the incidence and demographic features of penetrating injuries with emphasis on trends and severity analysis. Methods: Case analysis was performed utilizing data from the Liverpool Hospital Trauma Registry (1989–94). NSW Department of Health Hospital Separations (1991–93), and the NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics (1991–93) with reference to the Liverpool and Fairfield Local Government Areas (LGA). Results: The Trauma Registry revealed 251 of penetrating trauma. The median age was 26 years (interquartile range 21–33). Ninety-one per cent of the victims were male. Fourteen per cent of patients had an Injury Severity Score (ISS) > 15. Sixty-five per cent of cases were stab injuries and 20% gunshot injuries with the abdomen being the most commonly injured site. Twenty-one per cent of patients underwent laparotomy, 1.6% thoracotomy and 1.2% thoracotomy and laparatomy. There were 10 (4%) deaths. Trends in incidence of penetrating trauma and violent crime involving weapons were analysed. Static trends were observed for the annual incidence of penetrating trauma from the Liverpool Hospital Trauma Registry. Separations for penetrating trauma from Liverpool and Fairfield hospitals showed a slightly increasing trend. Violent crimes involving weapons in the Liverpool and Fairfield LGA showed a static trend. Nevertheless, separations for penetrating trauma and rates of violent crimes involving weapons were higher in south-western Sydney than metropolitan Sydney or NSW. Eight per cent of the LGA population are Vietnamese but this study identified 16% of victims as being Vietnamese. Conclusions: This study found no significant increase in penetrating trauma or violent crime predisposing to penetrating injury in south-western Sydney.     

PENETRATING TRAUMA IN AUCKLAND: 12 YEARS ON

Background : The current spectrum of penetrating trauma presenting to Auckland Hospital is described and whether this differs from the situation in 1983 is determined. Methods : Prospectively collected trauma registry data were used to describe the characteristics of penetrating trauma cases presenting to Auckland Hospital during the 1995 calendar year. Using data collected from a previous study in 1983, comparisons were made of the incidence, severity, and outcome of penetrating trauma cases between these two cohorts. Results : In 1995, 96 patients, representing 7.3% of total trauma admissions, presented to Auckland Hospital following penetrating trauma. Of these, 32 patients were admitted by the trauma team via the resuscitation room, 13 were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and four died. The median age of these patients was 30 years and median Injury Severity Score, 4. In comparison with the 1983 patients there was no demonstrable change in the numbers of patients or their length of stay. Although injury severity was similar in the 1995 cohort, fewer patients were admitted to the ICU. Mortality of the ‘trauma team’ group was 4/32 in 1995 compared with 7/33 in 1983. Conclusions : Despite public concerns, the frequency of penetrating trauma cases presenting to Auckland Hospital was similar in 1995 and 1983. There is a non-significant decrease in length of stay and mortality in the 1995 cohort.     

Injuries sustained to the upper extremity due to modern warfare and the evolution of care

The formation of the American Society for Surgery of the Hand was related to world conflicts and hostilities. Therefore, it is appropriate that upper-extremity surgeons understand injuries resulting from modern-day combat. Because of ongoing warfare, many countries have experienced a large increase in the number of wounded service members and civilians, particularly wounds of the extremities. As a result of increased rate of survival in battlefield trauma in part because of the use of modern body armor, there is increasing complexity of extremity injuries that require complex reconstructions. Decreased mortality and a consequent increase in the incidence of injured extremities underline the need for the development of new treatment options. The purpose of this presentation is to describe upper-extremity injury patterns in modern warfare, the levels of care available, and the treatment at each level of care based on the experience of the United States Military Medical Support System.     

GUNSHOT WOUNDS TO THE URETER: A 40-YEAR EXPERIENCE AT GRADY MEMORIAL HOSPITAL

PURPOSE: Because of the morbidity associated with missed ureteral injuries, a high index of suspicion must be present to diagnose this type of injury. We reviewed our 40 years of trauma experience at Grady Memorial Hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 118 patients with ureteral injuries secondary to a gunshot wound to the ureter from 1960 to 1999. All cases were reviewed for the mechanism of injury, location, initial urinalysis, imaging modalities, associated injuries, operative procedures and complications. RESULTS: Our population consisted of patients 14 to 71 years old, of whom 66 had right ureteral, 51 had left ureteral and 1 had bilateral injury. Urinalysis revealed no evidence of blood in the urine in 15% of the patients in whom the test was performed. Excretory urography had a false-negative rate of 33%. The injury was located at the proximal, mid and distal ureter in 43, 38 and 37 cases, respectively. Multiple surgical approaches were used depending on the location and severity of the defect. Only 1 patient had an isolated ureteral injury, while the remainder had associated injuries. Complications were present in 24 cases. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge this series of ureteral injuries is the largest reported to date. Because preoperative urinalysis and imaging studies are unreliable for ruling out injury, a high index of suspicion must be present. Furthermore, a predefined trauma protocol, as defined in our algorithm, decreases the number of missed ureteral injuries that may potentially complicate the outcome of an already critical case.     

Documented prevalence of HIV and hepatitis C infection in patients with penetrating trauma

Background : Trauma patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or hepatitis C (HCV) pose specific problems to health‐care workers due to the risk of exposure to these agents in blood and other body fluids. Studies of patients with penetrating trauma in the USA have shown a higher prevalence of HIV and HCV infection than the general population. No studies have examined the prevalence of these infections in Australian trauma patients. Methods : The medical records of all patients presenting to St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, from January 1994 to December 1998, with a stab wound to the neck, chest or abdomen, or with a gunshot wound to any anatomical site, were retrospectively reviewed. The number of patients with a history of HIV or HCV infection, or with risk factors for these such as male‐to‐male sexual intercourse and intravenous drug use, were recorded. Results : The medical records of 148 patients with stab wounds to the neck, chest or abdomen, or with gunshot wounds were examined. Risk factors for HIV or HCV infection were recorded in 31 patients (21%). Two patients (1.3%) had a history of HIV infection and a further eight patients (5.4%) were known to have HCV. Conclusions : There was a high prevalence of risk factors for HIV and HCV in patients with major penetrating wounds at St Vincent’s Hospital. The prevalence of documented HIV and HCV infection was subsequently greater than that expected in the general population, highlighting the risks to health‐care workers managing these patients.     

"Awake" laparoscopy for the evaluation of equivocal penetrating abdominal wounds

BACKGROUND: Diagnostic laparoscopy is useful for the assessment of equivocal penetrating abdominal wounds, and has become the modality of choice for the evaluation of such wounds at our institution. We hypothesised that, in appropriate patients, diagnostic "awake" laparoscopy (AL) could be performed under local anaesthesia in the emergency department (ED), allowing for expedited discharge and potential cost savings. METHODS: Selected haemodynamically stable patients with penetrating abdominal injury underwent AL. Suitability for AL was at the discretion of the attending surgeon. Identification of peritoneal penetration by AL led to exploratory laparotomy in the operating room. Patients with no evidence of peritoneal penetration were discharged from the ED (ALneg). These patients were matched to a cohort of 24 patients who underwent diagnostic laparoscopy in the OR which was negative for peritoneal penetration (DLneg). Length of stay and hospital charges were compared. RESULTS: Over a 30-month period, 15 patients underwent AL without complication. No peritoneal penetration was found in 11 patients. The remaining four patients underwent exploratory laparotomy, of which two were positive for intra-abdominal injury. Mean time to discharge was 7h in the ALneg group versus 18 h in the DLneg group (p=0.0003). Cost savings on hospital charges averaged 2227 US dollars per patient in the ALneg group compared with the DLneg group. CONCLUSIONS: AL may be safely performed in the ED, allowing for expedited patient discharge. Cost savings are achieved by the avoidance of charges inherent to diagnostic laparoscopy performed in the operating room.     

Proper care of early wounds to optimize healing and prevent complications

Proper wound care has broad applications for all clinicians. Much of the future direction for enhancing wound repair focuses on key cells and growth factors, which is why possessing a strong understanding of the basic physiology of wound healing is imperative. This article first provides a thorough review of the phases of wound healing followed by a discussion on the latest wound management strategies. Wound conditions and surgical techniques are important components for optimizing wound healing and preventing complications. Special consideration has been given to the unique settings of contaminated wounds, open wounds, or avulsed tissue.