急性冠脉综合征患者外周血MMP-9及CRP的变化及其临床意义

目的观察急性冠脉综合征（ACS）患者外周血中基质金属蛋白酶-9（m atrix m etalloproteases-9,MMP-9）及C反应蛋白（CRP）的水平变化,探讨MMP-9、CRP与ACS发生的关系。方法选取ACS患者39例,采用双抗体夹心ELISA测定血清MMP-9的水平,CRP用免疫散射比浊法检测。结果ACS患者入院即刻血浆MMP-9、CRP水平均显著高于对照组[（66±16）vs（24±11）μg/L,P<0.01;（12.3±9.2）vs（3.5±2.0）mg/L,P<0.01]。ACS组内UA亚组与AM I亚组比较,MMP-9水平显著增高[（78±11）vs（50±14）μg/L,P<0.01],而CRP水平显著下降[（7.2±2.2）vs（18.7±10.7）mg/L,P<0.01]。ACS组患者中MMP-9和CRP水平无明显相关性。结论冠心病患者外周血MMP-9、CRP水平升高。ACS患者中MMP-9和CRP水平无明显相关性。     

急性冠脉综合征患者炎症标志物水平及其临床意义

目的探讨炎症标志物与急性冠脉综合征（ACS）的关系及临床意义。方法ELISA测定22例急性心肌梗死（AM I）、37例不稳定型心绞痛（UAP）患者及对照组30例外周血可溶性血管间内皮细胞黏附分子（vascu lar celladhesion molecu le-1,sVCAM-1）和血管性假性血友病因子（von W illebrand Factor,vWF）浓度,所有患者均行冠状动脉造影,记录血管病变情况。结果血清sVCAM-1浓度在AM I组明显高于UAP组及对照组（P<0.01）,UAP组明显高于对照组（P<0.01）;血浆vWF浓度在AM I组与UAP组均显著高于对照组（P<0.01）,但AM I组与UAP组比较无统计学意义;血清sVCAM-1与受累冠状动脉血管支数成正相关,r=0.450,P<0.01。而vWF水平与受累冠状动脉血管支数无相关关系,r=0.074。结论血清sVCAM-1与冠状动脉病变程度密切相关,vWF与ACS的发生发展相关联。     

急性冠状动脉综合征患者血清BNP与cTnI相关性研究

目的探讨血清脑钠肽(Brain natriuretic peptide,BNP)和心肌肌钙蛋白I(Cardiac troponin I,c Tn I)在急性冠状动脉综合征(Acute Coronary Syndrome,ACS)患者血清中的水平有无差异及两者之间的相关性。方法回顾性分析我院收治的ACS患者41例,其中急性心肌梗死患者(AMI)22例,不稳定心绞痛患者(UAP)19例,同期收治的稳定型心绞痛患者(SAP)31例和健康查体者42例作为研究对象。分别测定上述患者血清BNP和c Tn I水平,并比较四组患者BNP、c Tn I水平有无差异及BNP和c Tn I之间的相关性。结果 AMI组、UAP组、SAP组和对照组血清BNP分别为(330.5±93.9)pg/ml,(164.3±54.9)pg/ml,(57.6±27.0)pg/ml和(18.2±10.2)pg/ml,AMI组显著高于其他三组,且差异有统计学意义(P0.01);血清c Tn I水平分别(19.2±8.2)ng/ml,(0.62±0.36)ng/ml,(0.26±0.14)ng/ml和(0.16±0.12)ng/ml,AMI组患者最高,且差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。应用BNP作为鉴别诊断AMI与UAP的指标,ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.94(95%CI:0.88~0.96,P0.01),最佳Cut_off值为BNP=214.5pg/ml,该Cut_off值下鉴别AMI与UAP的敏感性为89.5%,特异性为81.8%。AIM组患者血清BNP与c Tn I之间存在相关性,Pearson相关系数r为0.69(P0.01)。结论与健康人比较,ACS患者血清BNP和c Tn I显著升高,其中AMI患者升高最为显著。血清BNP鉴别AMI与UAP的敏感性和特异性较高,可作为辅助诊断AMI的指标之一。     

血脂康对急性冠脉综合征患者炎性介质的影响

目的探讨血脂康对急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者血浆白细胞介素-6(IL-6)及单核细胞趋化因子-1(MCP-1)的影响。方法采用酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)检测80例ACS患者服用血脂康前后血浆IL-6及MCP-1水平。结果 ACS组血浆IL-6、MCP-1水平为(25.45±6.34)ng/mL、(19.98±4.57)pg/L,显著高于对照组的(19.68±5.54)ng/mL和(14.45±4.35)pg/L(P<0.01),服用血脂康4周后血浆IL-6及MCP-1水平下降(P<0.01)。结论 ACS患者血浆IL-6及MCP-1水平升高与冠脉炎症反应相关,血脂康可显著降低ACS患者血浆IL-6及MCP-1水平,改善冠心病患者的预后。     

急性心肌梗死患者血脑钠尿肽前体N末端的变化

目的:观察B型脑钠尿肽前体N末端（NT-proBNP）在急性心肌梗死（AM I）患者的变化。方法:应用电化学发光-夹心免疫分析法检测26例首次发生的ST段抬高型透壁性心肌梗死患者的血NT-proBNP,分析其与肌酸激酶MB同工酶、梗死部位和心功能的关系。对照组采用经临床和超声心动图检查无心脏结构和功能异常或其它伴随疾病的轻度高血压或稳定劳力性心绞痛患者22例。结果:AM I患者血NT-proBNP显著高于正常心功能对照组（2097±2008 ng/Lvs70±51 ng/L,P<0.01）。心功能≥Ⅱ级组血NT-proBNP显著高于心功能Ⅰ级组,分别为3172.6±2448.9 ng/L和1175±710.0 ng/L（P<0.01）。NT-proBNP与K illip分级呈正相关。结论:AM I后心脏钠尿肽系统激活,其改变与心功能分级有关,但无心室功能障碍和心房压升高者亦显著升高。     

急性冠脉综合征的炎性介质水平及氟伐他汀的干预作用

探讨氟伐他汀对冠心病患者血浆白细胞介素-6（IL-6）及单核细胞趋化蛋白-1（MCP-1）的影响。方法：采用酶联免疫吸附实验（ELISA）检测70例急性冠脉综合征（ACS）患者服用氟伐他汀前后血浆IL-6及MCP-1水平。同时选择40例冠脉造影正常者作为正常对照组。结果：治疗前,ACS组血浆IL-6[（24.13±6.24）ng/ml]、MCP-1[（18.95±4.53）pg/L]水平显著高于正常对照组的（18.97±5.67）ng/ml和（14.35±4.28）pg/L,P均〈0.01;服用氟伐他汀4周后,ACS组血浆IL-6（19.56±5.87）ng/ml及MCP-1（14.85±4.38）pg/L水平明显下降（P均〈0.01）。结论：急性冠脉综合征患者血浆白细胞介素-6及单核细胞趋化蛋白-1水平显著升高,提示冠脉综合征与炎症反应有关。氟伐他汀可显著降低急性冠脉综合征患者的炎症反应。     

螺内酯抑制急性前壁心肌梗死患者的左室重构

目的探讨急性前壁心肌梗死患者口服螺内酯对于左室重构的影响。方法将急性前壁心肌梗死患者随机分为两组。对照组30例,接受血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂、β-受体阻滞剂、抗血小板、调脂药物等常规处理。螺内酯组30例,在常规治疗基础上加用螺内酯（40mg,每日1次）。随访1年,并检测脑钠尿肽（BNP）及超声心动图以评价左室功能和左室容积。结果6和12月时螺内酯组血清BNP水平明显低于对照组[（355±74）ng/Lvs（418±77）ng/L,P<0.05和（316±72）ng/Lvs（389±67）ng/L,P<0.05],且12月时螺内酯组较对照组左室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）、左室收缩末期内径（LVESD）明显缩小[LVEDD:（49±6）mmvs（53±5）mm,P<0.05;LVESD:（37±5）mmvs（40±4）mm,P<0.05]。结论螺内酯可抑制急性前壁心肌梗死患者左室重构。     

Toll样受体4和单核细胞趋化蛋白1与急性冠状动脉综合征的相关性研究

目的探讨急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者外周血单核细胞Toll样受体4(TLR4)和单核细胞趋化蛋白1(MCP-1)的表达及临床意义。方法入选对象包括ACS组患者50例:经临床及冠状动脉造影检查明确诊断[其中急性心肌梗死(AMI)25例,不稳定型心绞痛(UA)25例];稳定型心绞痛(SA)组患者13例;对照组患者30例:同期住院冠状动脉造影阴性且排除了冠心病诊断。采用流式细胞术检测外周血单核细胞上TLR4的表达,用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清中MCP-1的表达。结果 AMI、UA、SA组和对照组外周血单核细胞上TLR4的表达分别为76.56%±6.32%、73.70%±7.67%、63.20%±6.86%和54.20%±9.34%,ACS组显著高于SA组(P<0.05)和对照组(P<0.01),而SA组又高于对照组(P<0.05);AMI、UA、SA组和对照组血清中MCP-1的表达分别为(161.52±40.30)ng/L、(156.63±34.10)ng/L、(141.32±29.26)ng/L和(125.20±20.75)ng/L,ACS组显著高于SA组(P<0.05)和对照组(P<0.01),而SA组又高于对照组(P<0.05)。ACS组外周血单核细胞上TLR4表达与血清MCP-1水平呈正相关(r=0.876,P<0.01)。结论 TLR4介导的免疫炎症机制参与了冠心病的发生、发展,推测TLR4和MCP-1可能与动脉粥样硬化相关。     

急性冠脉综合征患者PCI术后外周血MMP-9水平的连续观察及其临床意义

目的观察急性冠脉综合征（ACS）患者经皮冠脉介入（PCI）术后外周血中基质金属蛋白酶-9（matrix metallo-proteases-9,MMP-9）水平的连续变化,探讨MMP-9与ACS的关联性。方法选取ACS患者39例,采用双抗体夹心ELISA测定血清MMP-9的水平。结果ACS患者入院即刻血浆MMP-9水平显著高于对照组及稳定型心绞痛组[（66±16）vs（24±11）μg/L,P<0.01;（66±16）vs（33±11）μg/L,P<0.01]。稳定型心绞痛患者入院即刻血浆MMP-9水平显著高于对照组（P<0.01）。ACS患者PCI术后即刻,外周血MMP-9水平均较入院时显著升高（P<0.01）,随着术后时间的延长,外周血MMP-9水平逐渐降低。结论ACS患者入院时外周血MMP-9水平升高,PCI术后即刻,外周血MMP-9水平均较入院时显著升高,随着术后时间的延长,外周血MMP-9水平逐渐降低。提示MMP-9可以作为诊断ACS的指标之一,术后检测有助于监测ACS患者术后病情的恢复情况。     

急性冠脉综合征患者血清BNP与cTNI相关性研究

目的 探讨血清脑钠肽( BNP)和心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTNI)在急性冠脉综合征(acute coronary syndrome,ACS)患者中的水平及两者之间相关性.方法 2010年4月-2012年2月我院收治的ACS患者35例(作为实验组),其中不稳定心绞痛患者(UAP)17例,急性心肌梗死患者(AMI)18例.同期收治的稳定型心绞痛患者(SAP)22例和健康查体者25例作为对照组.酶联免疫吸附法和化学发光法分别测定血清BNP和cTNI水平.结果 AMI组、UAP组、SAP组和健康查体组血浆BNP水平分别为336.7 pg /mL±103.0 pg /mL,172.2 pg /mL±58.8 pg /mL,55.1 pg /mL±29.9 pg /mL 和16.9 pg /mL±10.6 pg /mL,AMI组患者最高,且差别有统计学意义(P＜0.001);血浆cTNI水平分别18.13 ng/mL±7.21 ng/mL,0.61 ng/mL±0.33 ng/mL,0.22 ng/mL±0.11 ng/mL和0.18 ng/mL±0.14 ng/mL,AMI组患者最高,且差别有统计学意义(P＜0.001).AIM组患者血浆BNP与cTNI之间存在相关性,Pearson相关系数为0.86(P＜0.001).结论 血清BNP水平在ACS患者中明显升高,AMI患者升高最为显著且与cTNI存在正相关,BNP、cTNI可作为辅助诊断急性心梗危险分层的指标之一.     

Acute liver failure as the initial manifestation of acute leukaemia

Abstract: Background/Aims: Haematological malignancies seldom cause clinically significant liver disease. Acute liver failure as the initial manifestation of acute leukaemia is very rare and carries a very poor prognosis. Methods/Results: Three cases of acute liver failure secondary to acute leukaemia are described. Each case presented initially as acute liver failure of uncertain cause. Specific treatment for the leukaemia was instituted; however, all three patients died as a consequence of the liver failure. We describe the clinical course and relevant investigations of these patients and discuss possible mechanisms of acute liver failure in this setting. Conclusion: Acute leukaemia presenting as acute liver failure has a very poor prognosis. Although a rare cause of acute liver failure, it should be considered in any patient presenting with acute liver failure with prodromal symptoms and a raised peripheral white cell count, lactate dehydrogenase and uric acid.     

善得定治疗急性胰腺炎的体会

作者对比观察了善得定对急性胰腺炎的治疗作用，其剂量为0.1-0.15mg，每4－6h一次，皮一注射。在85例水肿型胰腺炎中，15例应用善得定治疗。结果显示，善得定治疗组转手术率显著低于非善得定组（P＜0．05），未合并感染的12例坏死性胰腺炎均采取非手术治疗，其中3例应用善得定治疗，其合并症全部消失，明显优于对照组。合并感染的67例坏死性胰腺炎均予以手术治疗，病情严重的14例，用善得定治疗，结果显示可减少并发症及其严重度。     

Acute myeloid/T‐lymphoblastic leukaemia (AMTL): a distinct category of acute leukaemias with common pathogenesis in need of improved therapy

Advances in the classification of acute leukaemias have led to improved outcomes for a substantial fraction of patients. However, chemotherapy resistance remains a major problem for specific subsets of acute leukaemias. Here, we propose that a molecularly distinct subtype of acute leukaemia with shared myeloid and T cell lymphoblastic features, which we term acute myeloid/T‐lymphoblastic leukaemia (AMTL), is divided across 3 diagnostic categories owing to variable expression of markers deemed to be defining of myeloid and T‐lymphoid lineages, such as myeloperoxidase and CD3. This proposed diagnostic group is supported by (i) retained myeloid differentiation potential during early T cell lymphoid development, (ii) recognition that some cases of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) harbour hallmarks of T cell development, such as T‐cell receptor gene rearrangements and (iii) common gene mutations in subsets of AML and T cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T‐ALL), including WT1, PHF6, RUNX1 and BCL11B. This proposed diagnostic entity overlaps with early T cell precursor (ETP) T‐ALL and T cell/myeloid mixed phenotype acute leukaemias (MPALs), and also includes a subset of leukaemias currently classified as AML with features of T‐lymphoblastic development. The proposed classification of AMTL as a distinct entity would enable more precise prospective diagnosis and permit the development of improved therapies for patients whose treatment is inadequate with current approaches.     

Roux-en-Y drainage of a pancreatic fistula for disconnected pancreatic duct syndrome after acute necrotizing pancreatitis

Background

After acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP), a pancreatic fistula may occur from disconnected pancreatic duct syndrome (DPDS) where a segment of the pancreas is no longer in continuity with the main pancreatic duct.

Aim

To study the outcome of patients treated using Roux-Y pancreatic fistula tract-jejunostomy for DPDS after ANP.

Methods

Between 2002 and 2011, patients treated for DPDS in the setting of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) or magnetic resonance cholangiopanreatography (MRCP) documented main pancreatic duct disruption with Roux-Y pancreatic fistula tract-jejunostomy.

Results

In all, seven patients with DPDS were treated. The median age was 62 years (range 49–78) and five were men. The cause of ANP was gallstones (2), alcohol (1), ERCP (1) and idiopathic (3). Pancreatic necrosectomy was done in six patients. Time from onset of pancreatitis to fistula drainage was 270 days (164–365). Pancreatic fistulae arose from DPDS in the head/neck (4) and body/tail (3). Patients had a median fistula output of 140 ml (100–200) per day before surgery. The median operative time was 142 min (75–367) and estimated blood loss was 150 ml (25 to 500). Patients began an oral diet on post-operative day 4 (3–6) and were hospitalized for a median of 7 days (5–12). The median follow-up was 264 days (29–740). Subsequently, one patient required a distal pancreatectomy. After surgery, three patients required oral hypoglycaemics. No patient developed pancreatic exocrine insufficiency.

Conclusion

Internal surgical drainage using Roux-en-Y pancreatic fistula tract-jejunostomy is a safe and definitive treatment for patients with DPDS.     

重症胰腺炎合并ARDS的诊断治疗

目的探讨重症胰腺炎（SAP）并发成人呼吸窘迫综合症（ARDS）的诊断和治疗。方法对我院近10年收治的72例重症胰腺炎（SAP）其中并发成人呼吸窘迫综合症38例进行回顾性临床总结，分析其血气PaO2／FiO2、Qs／Qt等与诊断和治疗的关系。结果重症胰腺炎（SAP）并发ARDS的发生率52．77％（38／72）．在及时合理治疗原发病的基础上，均给予机械通气，平均6．5天，机械通气24h后血气分析显示PaO2为（94．85±12．25）mmHg，PaO2为（34．4±7．05）mmHg，Qs／Qt值为5．25％±6．85％，全组死亡10例，放弃治疗3例，死亡率26．31％。结论重症胰腺炎（SAP）在及时处理原发病的基础上，对并发的ARDS进行早期诊断和治疗，正确使用呼吸机，防治并及时处理其它并发症，是降低病死率的有效措施。     

老年患者急性心肾综合征的危险因素及预后分析

目的 对老年急性心肾综合征（acute cardiorenal syndrome,ACRS）患者的危险因素及预后进行分析.方法 回顾性分析312例住院期间发生急性心力衰竭（acute heart failure,AHF）的老年患者的临床资料[其中164例合并急性肾损伤（acute kidney injury,ACRS）（ACRS组）,148例未合并AKI（非ACRS组）].结果 312例AHF患者中,13.1％住院期间死亡,Charlson并发症评分≥3分、住院期间发生ACRS和住院期间需要透析治疗是AHF患者死亡的危险因素（OR =4.723,P=0.041;OR =6.096,P=0.008;OR=18.743,P＜0.001）.52.56％的AHF患者发生ACRS,估算肾小球滤过滤（estimated glomerular filtration,eGFR）＜60 mL/（min· 1.73 m2）、使用利尿药是AHF患者住院期间发生ACRS的危险因素（OR=2.239,P=0.025;OR =2.555,P=0.001）;eGFR、血清白蛋白（Mbumin,ALB）是AHF患者住院期间发生ACRS的保护因素（OR=0.968,P＜0.001;OR=0.907,P=0.007）.23.2％的ACRS患者死亡,住院期间透析是ACRS患者住院期间死亡的危险因素（OR=10.407,P＜0.001）;使用β受体阻断药、使用利尿药是ACRS患者住院期间死亡的保护因素（OR=0.312,P=0.011;OR=0.345,P=0.040）.结论 老年患者ACRS发生率高、预后差.基础eGFR和ALB浓度降低以及使用利尿药可能使老年AHF患者发生ACRS的风险增加.并发症多、住院期间发生ACRS、住院期间需要透析治疗均是老年AHF患者不良预后的危险因素.     

Liver biopsy features of acute hepatitis C compared with hepatitis A,B, and non-A,non-B,non-C

ABSTRACT— The diagnosis of acute hepatitis C (AHC) often can only be suspected because current serologic tests remain negative for over 3 months. Because histologic features might provide useful clues, we reviewed 85 liver biopsy specimens from 85 patients with acute viral hepatitis, comparing 22 cases of AHC with 23 cases of acute hepatitis A (AHA), 30 cases of acute hepatitis B (AHB), and 10 cases of acute hepatitis non-A, non-B, non-C (AHNC). AHC was characterized by dense portal lymphoid aggregates (7 cases) and Poulsen-Christoffersen-type cholangitis (8 cases); these lesions were not found in any other type of acute viral hepatitis, and thus appeared to be diagnostic. Sinusoidal inflammatory infiltrates also were common in AHC, particularly in biopsy specimens obtained during the early phase of the disease. These inflammatory infiltrates did not appear to affect adjacent hepatocytes. Necrosis in AHC usually was spotty and accompanied by mixed inflammatory cells. In AHNC, necrosis was also spotty but, as an added feature, pigmented macrophages predominated in them. In AHA, necrosis was predominantly periportal, whereas in AHB, severe zone-3 necrosis predominated. Fatty changes were predominantly microvesicular; they were common in AHC but were also found in other groups. Collectively, the described histologic features allowed diagnosis of AHC in biopsy specimens with reasonable confidence. However, histologic findings failed to predict the prognosis in individual cases.