枳术宽中胶囊对嗅球损毁大鼠抑郁症模型的抗抑郁作用研究

目的 研究枳术宽中胶囊对嗅球损毁大鼠行为学、下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(HPA)轴功能及海马单胺神经递质含量的影响.方法 实验动物分为空白对照组、假手术组、模型组、氟西汀组、枳术宽中胶囊大、中、小剂量组,给药21 d.用敞箱观测大鼠行为学的变化,用放免法检测血清促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素(CRH)、促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)、皮质酮(CORT)浓度,用高效液相电化学法检测海马5-羟色胺(5-HT)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、多巴胺(DA)含量.结果 枳术宽中胶囊大剂量组抑制了大鼠嗅球切除后的敞箱高活动行为,增加了海马5-HT (P<0.01)、NE(P<0.05)含量.枳术宽中胶囊各剂量组均降低了嗅球切除大鼠的血清CRH和ACTH含量,但是大、中剂量组升高了CORT含量.结论 枳术宽中胶囊有抗抑郁作用,其机制可能是减少5-HT在海马的消除,增加5-HT含量,改善应激造成的HPA皮质功能紊乱状态.     

金丝桃素对脑嗅球损伤大鼠行为学及室管膜和室管膜下细胞增殖的影响

目的:研究金丝桃素治疗抑郁症的机理.方法:采用损毁大鼠脑嗅球作为抑郁症动物模型,采用行为学和免疫组织化学方法,研究金丝桃素的作用机理.结果:敞箱实验中,金丝桃素可显著降低嗅球损毁大鼠走格数和站立数,跳台实验中,金丝桃素可显著延长训练的潜伏期和缩短测试期的停留时间,免疫组织化学研究发现金丝桃素各剂量组大鼠侧脑室外侧和背外侧角的室管膜及室管膜下细胞明显增生,细胞由单层变成了多层,向胼胝体迁移,并强表达增殖细胞核抗原(proliferating cell nuclear antigen,PCNA).结论:金丝桃素通过促进室管膜及室管膜下细胞增殖,迁移至嗅球,分化为新的神经元,从而改善嗅球损毁大鼠的抑郁症状.     

贯叶连翘提取物对慢性应激抑郁大鼠行为及脑内5-HT、NE表达的影响

目的：研究贯叶连翘提取物对抑郁大鼠行为学及脑内5－羟色胺（5－HT）、去甲肾上腺素（NE）表达的影响。方法：采用大鼠慢性应激抑郁模型、灌胃给药、行为学及免疫组织化学方法。结果：贯叶连翘提取物各剂量可显著增加慢性应激抑郁模型大鼠糖水摄入量，敞箱行为实验走格数与站立数，显著减少跳台逃避实验错误反应的停留期以及明显增强5－HT、NE在大鼠脑内的表达。结论：贯叶连翘提取物通过增强抑郁大鼠脑内NE和5－HT表达，从而改善抑郁症状，达到治疗目的。     

慢性应激抑郁症大鼠模型的复制与评价

目的依据应激理论并结合现代实验动物学,复制相应的抑郁症动物模型并对该方法进行系统评价。方法利用慢性不可预见的应激制作抑郁模型,观察动物的体质量变化,采用Open-Field实验、糖水消耗实验及强迫游泳实验测试大鼠行为,用放射免疫法测定大鼠血浆中促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)、皮质醇(CORT)及脑内单胺类神经递质5-羟色胺(5-HT)和多巴胺(DA)的含量。结果模型组大鼠体质量增加量、糖水消耗量、水平运动格数及垂直运动次数、5-HT和DA的含量均显著低于空白组,强迫游泳不动时间及ACTH,CORT含量显著高于空白组,2组比较差异有统计意义(P0.05或P0.01)。结论慢性不可预见的应激可以造成大鼠抑郁模型。     

甘麦大枣汤对慢性应激抑郁大鼠HPA轴及海马显微结构的影响

目的 研究甘麦大枣汤对慢性应激抑郁模型大鼠HPA轴及海马显微结构的影响,探讨其可能的抗抑郁机制.方法 将SD大鼠随机分为6组:空白组、模型组、氟西汀组(5.4 mg/kg)、甘麦大枣汤高、中、低剂量组(3.84、1.92、0.96 g/kg),采用慢性不可预见性温和应激建立抑郁模型,于造模同时给药,连续21 d.采用糖水消耗实验和旷场测试检测大鼠的抑郁样行为,ELISA法检测大鼠血浆促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素(CRH)、促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)、皮质酮(CORT)的变化,HE染色观察大鼠海马CA1区、CA3区及齿状回(DG)区的病理结构变化.结果 与空白组比较,抑郁模型组大鼠蔗糖偏食度及自主活动次数显著下降(P<0.01),血浆CRH、ACTH、CORT含量显著上升(P<0.01),海马CA1区、CA3区以及DG区神经元均萎缩、缺失,损伤明显;与模型组比较,甘麦大枣汤高剂量组大鼠蔗糖偏食度及活动次数均显著提高(P<0.01),血浆ACTH、CORT含量下降(P<0.05),同时海马各区神经元损伤情况得到缓解.结论 甘麦大枣汤能显著改善模型大鼠的抑郁样行为,其作用可能与调节HPA轴高亢,保护海马的损伤有关.     

不同针刺方法对慢性应激抑郁大鼠下丘脑CRH基因表达及血清ACTH、CORT的影响

目的对比观察手针与电针对慢性应激抑郁模型大鼠下丘脑促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素(CRH)mRNA表达及血清促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)、皮质酮(CORT)影响的差异,探讨手针与电针干预治疗抑郁症的机制。方法将SD大鼠随机分为4组:空白组、模型组、手针组、电针组,采用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-PCR)方法检测下丘脑CRH mRNA含量,酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测大鼠血清ACTH、CORT含量。结果与空白组相比,模型组大鼠下丘脑CRH mRNA的含量显著升高(P<0.01),血清CORT和ACTH含量显著升高(P<0.01)。与模型组相比,手针组与电针组大鼠下丘脑CRH mRNA的含量均明显降低(P<0.05、P<0.01);手针组与电针组大鼠血清CORT表达有所下降,但无统计学差异(P>0.05);手针组与电针组大鼠血清ACTH表达显著降低(P<0.05、P<0.01)。结论慢性应激抑郁模型大鼠表现出HPA轴功能亢进,手针和电针均可以下调HPA轴功能,拮抗HPA轴功能亢进可能是手针和电针发挥抗抑郁治疗作用的途径之一。     

Influences of different acupuncture methods on hypothalamic CRH mRNA expression and serum ACTH and CORT in rats with chronic stress depression

目的 对比观察手针与电针对慢性应激抑郁模型大鼠下丘脑促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素(CRH)mRNA表达及血清促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)、皮质酮(CORT)影响的差异,探讨手针与电针干预治疗抑郁症的机制.方法 将SD大鼠随机分为4组:空白组、模型组、手针组、电针组,采用实时荧光定量PCR (RT-PCR)方法检测下丘脑CRH mRNA含量,酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测大鼠血清ACTH、CORT含量.结果 与空白组相比,模型组大鼠下丘脑CRH mRNA的含量显著升高(P＜0.01),血清CORT和ACTH含量显著升高(P＜0.01).与模型组相比,手针组与电针组大鼠下丘脑CRH mRNA的含量均明显降低(P＜0.05、P＜0.01);手针组与电针组大鼠血清CORT表达有所下降,但无统计学差异(P＞0.05);手针组与电针组大鼠血清ACTH表达显著降低(P＜0.05、P＜0.01).结论 慢性应激抑郁模型大鼠表现出HPA轴功能亢进,手针和电针均可以下调HPA轴功能,拮抗HPA轴功能亢进可能是手针和电针发挥抗抑郁治疗作用的途径之一.     

穴位埋线对慢性疲劳大鼠行为学及下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质轴激素水平的影响

目的：探讨穴位埋线对慢性疲劳大鼠行为学及下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质轴（HPA-axis）相关激素的影响。方法：采用悬吊冷水游泳复合应激的方法复制慢性疲劳大鼠模型,埋线组在造模的同时给予双侧肝俞、脾俞、肾俞埋线;通过morris迷宫实验、鼠尾悬挂实验、力竭游泳实验进行行为学检测;采用放免法检测下丘脑促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素（CRH）、血浆促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）、皮质醇（CORT）的浓度。结果：（1）模型组大鼠空间学习记忆力下降、力竭游泳时间缩短、悬挂不动时间延长,下丘脑CRH、血浆ACTH和CORT浓度明显升高,与正常组比较有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。（2）穴位埋线对疲劳大鼠的行为学、HPA轴相关激素有良性调节作用,与模型组比较有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;结论：穴位埋线能够抑制下丘脑CRH、血浆ACTH、CORT的过度分泌,以纠正异常的HPA轴功能,达到治疗CFS目的。     

注意缺陷多动障碍模型大鼠HPA轴功能的变化研究

目的:观察注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)模型动物自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)血清皮质酮(CORT)、促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)、促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素(CRH)水平及下丘脑糖皮质激素受体(GR)、糖皮质激素受体(MR)、CRH及海马GR、MR mRNA的表达情况,探讨SHR大鼠下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴(HPA)功能及相关影响因素。方法:以幼年SHR大鼠为ADHD模型组、Wistar京都大鼠(WKY)为对照组,采用ELISA法检测血清CORT、ACTH、CRH水平,RT-PCR法检测大鼠下丘脑GR、MR、CRH及海马GR、MR mRNA的表达水平。结果:SHR大鼠血清CORT、ACTH水平明显低于WKY大鼠(P<0.01),血清CRH水平明显高于WKY大鼠(P<0.01),下丘脑及海马GR、MR mRNA的表达水平明显高于WKY大鼠(P<0.01),而下丘脑CRH mRNA表达则低于WKY大鼠(P<0.01)。结论:SHR大鼠HPA轴呈低反应性,可能与CRH启动障碍及下丘脑和海马GR、MR mRNA高表达相关。     

乌灵菌粉贯叶连翘复方制剂干预对慢性不可预知应激大鼠模型抗抑郁作用及机制的研究

目的观察乌灵菌粉贯叶连翘复方制剂对慢性不可预知应激大鼠行为学、下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(HPA)轴功能以及海马组织单胺类神经递质含量的影响。方法选取SD大鼠72只,随机分为正常对照组、应激模型组、氟西汀组、乌灵菌粉贯叶连翘复方制剂(高、中、低剂量)组,给药28 d,实验结束时对各组大鼠进行糖水消耗实验、Morris水迷宫实验监测,采用放免法检测血清皮质酮(CORT)、促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)、促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素(CRH)的浓度,高效液相-电化学法检测海马中5-羟色胺(5-HT)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)以及多巴胺(DA)的含量。结果与正常对照组相比,模型组大鼠造模4周后,糖水偏嗜度明显降低,Morris水迷宫实验中大鼠逃避潜伏期延长、在目标象限的时间及总路程减少(P0.05);血液指标显示,模型组大鼠血清中的ACTH、CORT、CRH含量明显升高,海马组织单胺神经递质5-HT、NE和DA的含量明显降低(P0.05)。与模型组相比,乌灵菌粉贯叶连翘复方制剂490 mg/kg,245 mg/kg剂量组可显著升高模型组大鼠糖水偏嗜度,缩短大鼠逃避潜伏期,增加大鼠在目标象限的时间及总路程(P0.05,P0.01)。还可显著降低模型大鼠血清中ACTH、CORT、CRH含量,升高海马组织5-HT,NE和DA的含量(P0.05)。结论乌灵菌粉贯叶连翘复方制剂具有一定的抗抑郁作用,其机制可能与增加海马组织中5-HT、DA、NE的含量,改善应激刺激导致的HPA轴功能紊乱状态有关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.