大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注后iNOS的表达时程及行为学变化

目的 观察大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注后不同时间点iNOS表达及行为学变化。方法 线栓法制备大鼠大脑中动脉闭塞再灌注模型，术后不同时间点进行神经功能缺损评分，并动态检测iNOS活性变化。结果 缺血后6h大鼠神经功能缺损程度最严重，iNOS表达在缺血后6h开始出现，缺血后48h达峰，7d时基本降至基线水平。结论 由iNOS产生的NO参与了脑缺血再灌注后的迟发性病理损伤过程。     

大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注后iNOS的表达时程及行为学变化

目的观察大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注后不同时间点iNOS表达及行为学变化。方法线栓法制备大鼠大脑中动脉闭塞再灌注模型,术后不同时间点进行神经功能缺损评分,并动态检测iNOS活性变化。结果缺血后6h大鼠神经功能缺损程度最严重,iNOS表达在缺血后6h开始出现,缺血后48h达峰,7d时基本降至基线水平。结论由iNOS产生的NO参与了脑缺血再灌注后的迟发性病理损伤过程。     

颈交感干离断对局灶性脑缺血大鼠生存率影响的实验研究

目的研究颈交感干离断(transection of cervical sympathetic trunk,TCST)对局灶性脑缺血大鼠生存率的影响,为临床应用星状神经节阻滞疗法降低缺血性脑血管病死亡率提供实验依据。方法采用改良的ZeaLonga方法制备大鼠大脑中动脉栓塞(middle cerebral artery occlusion,MCAO)模型。雄性Wistar大鼠236只,随机分为:大脑中动脉栓塞模型组(M组)和颈交感干离断组(T组),颈交感干离断组在造成MCAO模型的同时行TC-ST。两组动物均按栓塞时间又分为6h、24h、48h、72h4个时间点,计算并比较M组与T组在上述各时间点生存率的区别。结果T组在24h、48h及72h平均生存率明显高于M组(P<0.05);T组与M组比较6h生存率无明显差别(P>0.05)。结论颈交感干离断能够有效的提高局灶性脑缺血大鼠的生存率并可能有治疗作用。     

高热对局灶性脑缺血再灌注大鼠缺血灶5-LO表达的影响

目的观察高热对局灶性脑缺血再灌注大鼠缺血灶5-脂氧酶（5-Lipoxygenase,5-LO）表达的影响,探讨高热对脑缺血再灌注后的影响及机制。方法通过线栓法制作大鼠大脑中动脉缺血再灌注模型,缺血时间为2 h。动物随机分为假手术组（Sham）、缺血再灌注（cerebral ischemic reperfusion,CIR）后正常体温组（normathermia,NT）、缺血再灌注后高热组（hyperthermia,HT）。对大鼠进行神经功能缺损评分和计算梗死体积;使用免疫组化法检测5-LO的表达。结果 （1）大鼠CIR HT组12 h2、4 h、48 h后神经功能缺损评分、梗死体积和缺血灶周边5-LO免疫阳性神经元细胞分别较NT组相应时间点明显增加（P〈0.05）;（2）大鼠CIR后梗死体积与缺血灶周边5-LO免疫阳性神经元细胞数明显相关（r=0.694,P〈0.05）。结论大鼠CIR后48h内高热可加重脑损伤,其机制可能与高热诱发5-LO在缺血灶周边过度表达有关。     

大鼠急性局灶性脑缺血再灌注脑组织NO含量和NOS活性的变化

目的探讨一氧化氮（ＮＯ）和神经元型ＮＯ合酶（ｎＮＯＳ）是否参与急性局灶性脑缺血再灌注的发病机理。方法采用栓红法建立大鼠大脑中动脉阻塞（ＭＣＡＯ）模型,观察脑组织ＮＯ含量和一氧化氮合酶（ＮＯＳ）活性的变化及ｎＮＯＳ抑制剂７－硝基吲唑（７－ＮＩ）对再灌注期两者的影响。结果缺血３０分种ＮＯ含量和ＮＯＳ活性显著升高,缺血３小进两者下降;再灌注３０分种ＮＯＴ和ＮＯＳ再次升高,而再灌注３小时两者又下降。７－Ｎ     

人工合成E-选择素对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤后脑组织一氧化氮合酶表达的影响

目的 探讨人工合成E-选择素对大鼠局灶性脑缺血/再灌注（I/R）损伤后脑组织一氧化氮合酶（NOS）及血清一氧化氮（NO）含量的影响.方法 采用改良的Zea Longa法建立脑I/R损伤模型.66只雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组和人工合成E-选择素治疗组（治疗组）.治疗组大鼠采用股静脉注射人工合成E-选择素10 mg·kg-1.应用硝酸盐还原法测定血清中NO含量和免疫组化法检测缺血区脑组织神经型一氧化氮合酶（nNOS）、诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）阳性细胞数.结果 ①NO：以对照组NO含量为正常生理数据,模型组脑缺血2h/再灌注2～24h NO含量呈上升趋势,24 h时达高峰,72 h有所降低但仍高于对照组,各时间点与对照组比较明显增高（P＜0.01）;治疗组NO变化趋势同模型组,NO含量较模型组减少（P＜0.05）,较对照组增多（P＜0.01）.②NOS：以对照组nNOS、iNOS阳性细胞数为正常生理数据,模型组nNOS阳性细胞在脑缺血2h/再灌注2h后开始表达,12h达高峰,至24h开始降低,各时间点与对照组比较明显增高（P＜0.01）;模型组iNOS阳性细胞在脑缺血2h/再灌注2h开始出现,并持续增多,随时间延长呈上升趋势,24h达高峰,至72 h出现下降,各时间点与对照组比较明显增多（P＜0.01）;治疗组各时间点nNOS、iNOS阳性细胞变化趋势同模型组,但较模型组减少（P＜0.05）,较对照组增多（P＜0.01）.结论 大鼠脑I/R损伤后脑组织NOS活性表达增多,NO浓度升高导致脑组织损伤;人工合成E-选择素通过降低NOS表达,减少NO释放、减轻炎症反应和脑I/R损伤,起脑保护作用.     

亚低温对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注后不同脑区iNOS表达的影响

目的 探讨亚低温对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注后不同脑区诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)表达的影响.方法 雄性SD大鼠,随机分为假手术组、常温缺血组和亚低温组.采用线栓法制作大脑中动脉闭塞再灌注模型,于缺血后48h,观察不同组间组织形态学变化,检测不同脑区iNOS蛋白表达、iNOS活性和产物NO含量.结果 常温缺血后48h,纹状体和皮质均检测到iNOS活性升高和免疫阳性反应,且皮质缺血半暗带区iNOS免疫反应明显强于纹状体和皮质缺血核心区.亚低温明显缩小梗死面积,抑制皮质和纹状体iNOS活性,明显下调半暗带区iNOS蛋白表达,减少NO产生.结论亚低温可能通过减少半暗带区iNOS蛋白表达,抑制iNOS活性,减少NO产生而起到脑保护作用.     

胰岛素对局灶性脑缺血再灌注大鼠HSP70表达的影响

目的 :探讨胰岛素对脑缺血再灌注损伤的中枢保护机制。方法 :参照ZeaLonga线栓法建立大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型 ,采用免疫组化法检测同一剂量胰岛素 ( 2IU·kg-1)对缺血再灌注不同时限点脑组织HSP70 蛋白的表达情况。结果 :与对照组相比 ,胰岛素能显著上调缺血侧大脑皮质及基底节区HSP70 蛋白的表达 ( χ2 检验 ,P <0 0 0 1) ,表达高峰主要在再灌注后 2 4h。结论 :胰岛素能上调缺血再灌注脑组织HSP70 蛋白的表达 ,这可能是其发挥中枢保护作用的机制之一     

大鼠脑缺血再灌流后海马区一氧化氮合酶活性的变化

目的：观察鼠全脑缺血再灌流后海马区ＮＯＳ活性的变化。方法：采用大鼠４血管关闭方法制作全脑缺血再灌流模型。实验动物分为假手术组、缺血１０ｍｉｎ组、再灌注１、２、３ｄ组。测定脑缺血再灌流后海马区ＮＯＳ活性的变化。结果：全脑缺血曹澡注后海马组织ＮＯＳ活性被激活上调。结论：ＮＯ可能参与了海马ＣＡ１区迟发性神经元死亡（ＤＮＤ）的发生。     

人尿激肽原酶对局灶性脑缺血再灌注大鼠VEGF表达影响的研究

目的 探讨人尿激肽原酶对局灶性脑缺血再灌注大鼠脑组织血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达的影响.方法 采用随机数字表法将56只雄性SD大鼠分为假手术组(8只)、生理盐水组(24只)、人尿激肽原酶组(24只),其中生理盐水组、人尿激肽原酶组依据再灌注后不同取材时间又分为6 h,12 h,24 h,72 h,7 d五个亚组.采用线拴法制备大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型,采用神经功能评分、TTC染色、脑梗死体积测定、光镜检测等方法对不同组大鼠予以评价.采用免疫组化技术观察缺血再灌注不同时间点大鼠脑组织梗死中心区及半影区VEGF表达变化情况.结果 人尿激肽原酶组大鼠神经功能评分低于生理盐水组大鼠(P<0.05);24 h脑梗死体积测定,人尿激肽原酶组平均值为(53 261.96±7 326.75)μm3,生理盐水组平均值为(92 715.84±13 755.44)μm3,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);人尿激肽原酶组VEGF表达在不同时间点均明显强于生理盐水组(P<0.05).结论 人尿激肽原酶能减轻脑缺血再灌注模型大鼠的神经功能损伤程度,减少脑梗死体积,促进VEGF的表达,具有脑缺血后神经保护作用.     

Cervical sympathetic trunk transection affects inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in rat hippocampus following focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury

BACKGROUND： The stellate ganglion block （SGB） plays a protective role in focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. The human SGB can be simulated by transection of the cervical sympathetic trunk （TCST） in rats. OBJECTIVE： To observe the effects of TCST on inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS） levels and cerebral infarct volume in the hippocampus of rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, and to analyze the mechanism of action. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A completely randomized, controlled, neuropathological experiment was performed at the Institute of Neurological Disease, Taihe Hospital, Yunyang Medical College between March and September 2006. MATERIALS： A total of 93 Wistar rats, aged 1718 weeks, of either gender, were used for this study. 2, 3, 5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride was purchased from Changsha Hongyuan Biological Reagent Company China. Rabbit iNOS antibody and goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody were the products of Wuhan Boster Biological Reagent Co., Ltd., China. METHODS： Ten rats were randomly selected for the sham-operated group. Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion （MCAO） using the suture method in the remaining rats. Forty successful rat models were randomly and equally divided into the following two groups： （1） TCST group： subsequent to TCST, MCAO was performed for 2 hours, followed by 24 hours reperfusion; （2） model group： rats underwent experimental procedures similar to the TCST group, with the exception of TCST. Rats in the sham-operated group were subjected to experimental procedures similar to the model group; however, the thread was only introduced to a depth of 10 mm. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Following 24 hours of reperfusion, functional neurological deficits were scored. Brain tissue sections from ten rats of each group were used to measure cerebral infarct volume by TTC staining. Hippocampal tissue sections of an additional ten rats from each group were used to detect iNOS levels using the s     

Effects of transection of cervical sympathetic trunk on cerebral infarct volume and oxygen free radical levels in rats with focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury

BACKGROUND: Stellate ganglion block (SGB) plays a protective role on the brain, but the precise mechanism of action is not clear.OBJECTIVE: To simulate SGB by transection of the cervical sympathetic trunk (TCST) and to investigate the TCST effects on changes in cerebral infarct volume and oxygen free radical levels in rats with focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A complete randomized control animal experiment was performed at the Institute of Neurological Diseases of Taihe Hospital, Yunyang Medical College from February to December 2005.MATERIALS: A total of 101 healthy Wistar rats, weighing 280-320g, of both genders, aged 17-18 weeks, were used in this study. 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) was purchased from Changsha Hongyuan Biological Company. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) assay kits were provided by Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute.METHODS: Rats were randomly divided into a TCST group, a model group and a sham operation group. Successful models were included in the final analysis, with at least 20 rats in each group. After TCST, rat models of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury were established in the TCST group by receiving middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) by the intraluminal suture method for 2 hours, followed by 24 hours of reperfusion. Rat models of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury were made in the model group. Rats in the sham operation group underwent experimental procedures as for the model group, threading depth of 10mm, and middle cerebral artery was not ligated.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Brain tissue sections of ten rats from each group were used to measure cerebral infarct volume by TTC staining. Brain tissue homogenate of another ten rats from each group was used to detect SOD activities, MDA contents and NO levels. Rat neurological function was assessed by neurobehavioral measures.RESULTS: Cerebral infarct volume was bigger in the model group than in the TCST group (P<0.05). Twenty four hours after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, SOD activities were lower, whereas MDA contents and NO levels were higher in the TCST and model groups, compared with the sham operation group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with the model group, SOD activities were higher, whereas MDA contents and NO levels were lower in the TCST group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: After TCST, cerebral infarct volume is reduced, SOD activities are increased, and MDA contents and NO levels are decreased compared to the model group in rats with focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. These changes may be associated with TCST.     

Effects of transection of cervical sympathetic trunk on cerebral infarct volume and oxygen free radical levels in rats with focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury*★

BACKGROUND： Stellate ganglion block （SGB） plays a protective role on the brain, but the precise mechanism of action is not clear. OBJECTIVE： To simulate SGB by transection of the cervical sympathetic trunk （TCST） and to investigate the TCST effects on changes in cerebral infarct volume and oxygen free radical levels in rats with focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A complete randomized control animal experiment was performed at the Institute of Neurological Diseases of Taihe Hospital, Yunyang Medical College from February to December 2005. MATERIALS： A total of 101 healthy Wistar rats, weighing 280-320 g, of both genders, aged 17-18 weeks, were used in this study. 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride （TTC） was purchased from Changsha Hongyuan Biological Company. Superoxide dismutase （SOD）, malondialdehyde （MDA） and nitric oxide （NO） assay kits were provided by Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute. METHODS： Rats were randomly divided into a TCST group, a model group and a sham operation group. Successful models were included in the final analysis, with at least 20 rats in each group. After TCST, rat models of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury were established in the TCST group by receiving middle cerebral artery occlusion （MCAO） by the intraluminal suture method for 2 hours, followed by 24 hours of reperfusion. Rat models of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury were made in the model group. Rats in the sham operation group underwent experimental procedures as for the model group, threading depth of 10 mm, and middle cerebral artery was not ligated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Brain tissue sections of ten rats from each group were used to measure cerebral infarct volume by TTC staining. Brain tissue homogenate of another ten rats from each group was used to detect SOD activities, MDA contents and NO levels. Rat neurological function was assessed by neurobehavioral measures. RESULTS： Cerebral infarct volume was bigger in the     

大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤后STAT1蛋白表达的研究

目的探讨ＳＴＡＴ１基因在大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤中的表达及其在缺血性神经元损伤中可能的作用。方法采用线栓法制作大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤模型，用免疫组化方法观察ＳＴＡＴ１蛋白在大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤后不同时间点脑组织中的表达。结果ＳＴＡＴ１蛋白在脑缺血６０ｍｉｎ再灌注２４ｈ后呈阳性表达，半暗带损伤区表达最显著，表达持续时间达１周。结论ＳＴＡＴ１蛋白超量表达可能对神经细胞存活和修复过程是有益的     

米诺环素对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注后ICAM-1表达的影响

目的观察米诺环素对大鼠短暂性脑缺血再灌注后细胞间黏附分子1表达的影响。方法采用改良线栓法制备大鼠大脑中动脉缺血2h再灌注24h模型,随机分为假手术组、缺血再灌注模型组、米诺环素处理组和米诺环素预处理组,每组16只。模型成功后观测各组大鼠的神经行为变化、脑梗死体积以及HE染色计数缺血区中性粒细胞的浸润数目,应用免疫组化方法检测细胞间黏附分子-1的表达情况。结果米诺环素能明显改善大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注引起的神经行为障碍,减少脑梗死体积,减少脑缺血引起细胞间黏附分子1的表达,抑制中性粒细胞的浸润。结论米诺环素对大鼠局灶脑缺血再灌足损伤有保护作用,抑制黏附分子可能是一种机制。     

孕酮对局灶脑缺血再灌注大鼠血—脑脊液屏障变化的影响

目的探讨孕酮（PROG）减轻缺血/再灌注（I/R）时脑水肿的机制。方法采用大鼠局灶性脑I/R模型,分光光度计定量测定大脑中动脉阻塞(MCAO)2h再灌注22h后脑皮层伊文思蓝（EB）含量的变化及PROG的影响。结果MCAO侧EB含量I/R组为5.89±1.37μg/g湿重,溶剂（DMSO)组为5.03±2.70μg/g湿重,PROG组为2.07±0.96μg/g湿重;PROG组显著低于I/R组和DMSO组（P<0.05）。结论PROG显著降低缺血2h再灌注22h时血-脑脊液屏障（BBB）的通透性,这可能是其减轻I/R时脑水肿的机制之一。     

大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤后不同部位神经细胞Nestin的表达

目的研究大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤后神经细胞巢蛋白（Nestin）的表达，为神经干细胞治疗脑损伤提供理论依据。方法成年健康雄性SD大鼠30只，随机分为实验组和对照组。线栓法建立大脑中动脉闭塞再灌注模型，应用免疫组化SABC法观察2组再灌注后各观察部位不同时间Nestin的表达情况。结果缺血再灌注6h Nestin阳性细胞少量表达；1d时数量增多；3d时明显增多，7d时变化最为显著；各实验组与对照组比较差别均极显著。结论Nestin阳性细胞在正常成年脑组织中广泛表达，损伤后各部位Nestin阳性细胞的表达呈一致性增强，各部位阳性细胞数的增加量在不同时间又有所不同。     

大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌后转录因子ATF4的表达变化

目的观察鼠脑缺血再灌注后ATF4mRNA及蛋白的表达变化。方法制备SD大鼠大脑中动脉闭塞模型,RT-PCR法、免疫组化染色分别测定鼠脑缺血半暗带区再灌注后不同时相ATF4mRNA及蛋白的表达变化。结果模型组ATF4mRNA与蛋白于再灌注后1h表达增加;ATF4mRNA表达于再灌注后6h达高峰,其蛋白表达于再灌注后24h达高峰。结论鼠脑缺血再灌注可诱导ATF4在缺血半暗带区表达,提示ATF4可能在脑缺血再灌注损伤中发挥重要作用。     

局灶性脑缺血/再灌注损伤后大鼠脑组织tPA表达变化与细胞凋亡研究

目的　探讨大鼠脑缺血 /再灌注后脑组织内组织型纤溶酶原激活物 (t PA)表达变化及与细胞凋亡的关系和意义。方法　采用大鼠局灶性脑缺血 /再灌注模型 ,应用免疫组化染色及原位杂交技术检测脑组织 t PA表达变化 ,TU NEL 染色观察神经元的凋亡及其发生规律。结果　 t PA蛋白及 m RNA在缺血再灌注早期即开始表达 ,主要见于皮质损伤区周围及海马区 ,阳性着色的神经元表达明显 ,血管表达较弱。再灌注 4 8h神经元表达明显增强 ,缺血灶及其周边的微血管内皮表达也明显增强。再灌注 72 h表达有所下降。凋亡细胞主要出现于大脑皮质及尾壳核病变中心区的周围 ,再灌注 4 8～ 72 h达高峰。结论　脑缺血 /再灌注损伤可诱导神经元及血管内皮细胞 t PA表达增加 ,t PA可能通过促进细胞凋亡而介导再灌注损伤。