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种植体替代天然牙植入牙槽骨行使功能,植入后的种植体与周围软硬组织发生一系列改建,并形成了不同界面。种植体周围界面可分为种植体一软组织界面、种植体一基台界面、种植体一骨界面等。软组织界面生物学宽度在种植体一基台界面周围形成,且与种植体一骨界面周围骨吸收有关。这3者间的相互作用会影响种植体骨水平,是关系到种植修复成功与否的关键因素。     

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对于牙髓感染或坏死且根尖孔未闭合的年轻恒牙,采用再生性牙髓治疗,不仅能使根尖孔闭合,还能使牙根延长,根管壁增厚,从而减少患牙远期根折的风险。动物实验和临床研究都表明,再生性牙髓治疗后形成了新组织。本文就再生性牙髓治疗后新组织形成的研究进展做一综述。     

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??The extraction of mandibular third molar is complicated in operation?? and involves many methods. With the development of new technology and related disciplines?? patients have higher request for extraction of mandibular third molar. This article reviewed the new method  and new technology that can be applied to the mandibular third molar surgery?? and analyzed their characteristics.     

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义齿树脂基托是全口义齿及局部义齿的重要组成部分,由于其具有吸水性和溶解性,加之释放一些残留单体,影响了材料的综合性能,降低了材料的使用寿命,并给患者的健康造成一定的危害。本文就义齿树脂基托的吸水性和溶解性机制及相关问题做一综述。     

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纤维桩因其弹性模量与牙本质相当,且具有美观、操作简便等优点,在临床上得到广泛的应用。目前,国内外对纤维桩粘接技术的研究主要集中在纤维桩的表面处理及粘接树脂等方面。本文将对这些方面的研究进展做一综述。     

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根管冲洗对根管的消毒和清理起着重要作用,冲洗液可以通过冲洗碎屑、溶解组织和消毒根管系统而提高机械预备的效力。次氯酸钠（NaClO）是目前世界范围内临床上使用最广泛的根管冲洗液之一。本文就NaClO的作用及相应机制、提高使用效率的方法、不良反应、与其他冲洗液联合应用等方面做一综述。     

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牙髓再生治疗的一个重要操作步骤是刺破根尖周组织,使血液进入根管内,这将使根尖周的干细胞也同时进入根管,血凝块为干细胞的聚集提供基质和支架;此外,血液内含有丰富的生长因子,可促进干细胞的增殖和分化,对年轻恒牙牙髓再生治疗后根管内硬组织的沉积和牙根的继续发育起到关键作用。本文就牙髓再生治疗相关机制的研究进展做一综述。     

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组织工程化骨是用于颌骨缺损修复治疗的一种新途径,当前其研究焦点是寻求能够作为细胞移植及引导新骨生长的支架,以充当细胞外基质的替代物。这些支架通常由多孔、可降解的生物材料制备,并且可以负载不同的生长因子、药物或干细胞。本文就骨组织工程支架的研究现状、面临的挑战及未来的研究动向做一综述。     

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良好的封闭是桩冠修复成功的标准之一,微渗漏的检测是对其封闭性进行评价的主要方法。微渗漏是牙体缺损修复后普遍存在的一种临床现象,是指口腔中的细菌、唾液及其他有害物质渗入修复材料与牙体组织之间的微     

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??Exosomes refer to 40??100 nm extracellular vesicles secreted from various types of cells that contain cell's lipid??proteins and nucleic acids??which can be accessed to recipient cell by plasma membrane fusion??surface receptor-mediated uptake??and cell internalization??affecting the function and activity of the recipient cell. The RNA and miRNA contained in exosomes can be transferred with the exosomes to the recipient cells??and are translated in the recipient cells??which is a new carrier of genetic exchange. The research of exosomes in oral field focuses on exosome-mediated cell communication and modulating immunocompetence. In this paper??the exosomes derived from salivary origin??oral cancer sources and periodontal pathogens were reviewed to summarize the research progress in exosomes of the oral area.     

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??Effective anchorage control is one of the key factors of successful orthodontic treatment. As the orthodontic anchorage devices??micro-implants have the advantages??such as achieving“absolute”anchorage control??simplifying implant operation process??being easy to remove??low cost and low compliance requirements. Therefore??micro-implants are favored by the vast number of orthodontic doctors. However??potential risks associated with the use of micro-implants include fracture?? being loose??falling off??adjacent tissue infection??subcutaneous emphysema and root injury. How to reduce the potential risks and improve the success rate of micro-implants have become the research focus of the scholars. For the further study of micro-implants and in order to provide the theoretical reference to clinical application??this review will make a summary mainly in following aspects??the materials of micro-implants??the methods of surface modification and the morphological characteristics of the micro-implants.     

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??An isthmus is defined as a narrow ribbon-shaped structure between two root canals that contains pulp tissues. It can be a bacterial reservoir which is difficult to prepare??shape and fill??which accounts for the failure of root canal therapy. In this paper??the root canal isthmus were reviewed.     

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??Biomaterials are widely used in prosthetic and regenerative medicine. Biomaterials can recover the physiological functions of damaged tissue through replacement or regeneration. Biomimetic mineralized collagen is a composite material possessing the same chemical compositions and microstructures with the natural bone tissue. It has good biocompatibility?? biodegradability?? osteoconduction and osteoinductivity and has good potential applications in terms of repairing bone defect and promoting new bone formation. Macrophages are important components of the immune system and they play an important role in maintaining the homeostasis?? immune surveilance?? the progression of disease and tissue reconstruction. Any biomaterials will lead to a foreign body reaction after they are implanted in the body. Macrophages are important in foreign body reactions. In this paper?? we will summarize the relationship between biomaterials and macrophages.     

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?? Sjögren syndrome??SS??is classified as primary Sjögren syndrome??pSS??and secondary Sjögren syndrome??sSS??. It is an autoimmune exocrinopathy characterised by lymphocytic infiltration of exocrine glands in multiple sites??including both lacrimal and salivary glands??so the patients often suffer from dry mouth and dry eyes. Now the pathogeny and its pathogenesis is still  under study??and this review will elaborate from the aspects of cytokines??antibody??gene??virus and so on.     

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??Dentin hypersensitivity is a kind of common symptom??and it is also a hard nut to crack in clinics because of the complexity of its pathogenesis and the diversity of its clinical manifestation. Besides??the effect of treatment??especially the long-term curative effect??is not ideal??so this article intended to make a summary about its pathogenesis??principle of treatment and therapeutic methods used in recent years.     

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??Porphyromonas gingivalis?? a gram-negative obligate anaerobic bacterium??has been proved to be one of the main periodontal pathogens?? participating in development of periodontitis and process of periodontal tissue destruction. Previous studies have demonstrated the close relationship between periodontal infection and systemic health and diseases. P. gingivalis infection on host cells mediated cell apoptosis by interfering with cell signal transduction and expression of related proteins. This article reviews research progress of P. gingivalis infection on mediation of apoptosis of host cells.     

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溶菌酶是一种碱性蛋白,广泛存在于人体组织及分泌物（血清、泪液、唾液和淋巴等）中。溶菌酶作为口腔非特异性免疫系统的重要组成部分,具有抗真菌和抗炎的作用。本文就溶菌酶与口腔常见疾病的关系研究做一综述。     

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??Jaw defects in the surgical field today have become an urgent problem to be solved. Adipose-derived stem cells have the potential of multi-directional differentiation??and their in vitro culture has a high value of stable proliferation and a low rate of decline??they have a wide range of sources and are easy to be separated and cultured. Studies have shown that strontium can regulate adipose-derived stem cells to differentiate into osteoblasts and promote bone matrix protein synthesis and precipitation. Therefore??strontium promotes osteoblast differentiation and osteogenesis??which provides a new research direction for bone tissue engineering. This article  summarizes the effect of strontium ions and strontium-doped nano-hydroxyapatite on the osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs??which will be helpful to the future research and development of bone tissue engineering and the treatment for oral and maxillofacial defects.     

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文章对重度牙周炎患牙的牙髓状态、感染根管与牙周组织的关系、重度牙周炎时牙髓治疗的特点及行牙髓治疗后对牙周治疗效果的影响进行讨论。     

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提要：牙髓卟啉单胞菌是根尖周病变中的重要致病菌之一,牙髓卟啉单胞菌可产生多种毒力因子,其中内毒素尤为重要。研究证明,在根尖周病变的发展过程中,根尖部炎症反应以及骨吸收的发生等都与牙髓卟啉单胞菌内毒素密切相关。本文针对牙髓卟啉单胞菌内毒素的致病性研究进展加以综述。