飞秒激光辅助的白内障手术研究现状

飞秒激光辅助的白内障手术利用飞秒激光进行晶状体前囊膜切开、核裂解、角膜切口制作及散光性角膜缘松解切开,有效地降低了传统超声乳化手术的并发症,提高了患者的术后视觉质量,是对白内障手术技术和效果的进一步提升,具有广阔的临床应用前景。本文通过对已发表文章的综述,就飞秒激光辅助的白内障手术的临床价值及优缺点与传统的超声乳化手术进行对比。     

飞秒激光辅助白内障手术

目前飞秒激光辅助白内障手术已成为最先进的技术之一.飞秒激光具有脉冲时间极短、瞬间功率极高、热效应区域极小、精确靶向定位等特点,在白内障手术中可用于辅助晶状体前囊膜切开、晶状体核裂解、透明角膜切口及散光性角膜松解切口制作.研究表明,飞秒激光辅助白内障手术的准确性、可重复性、安全性较其他白内障手术均大大提高,具有广阔的应用前景.但由于样本量仍较小、观察时间较短,以及存在一些并发症等相关问题,该技术仍有待进一步的前瞻性研究.     

飞秒激光辅助超声乳化白内障吸出术临床观察

目的　评价飞秒激光辅助的超声乳化白内障吸出术临床效果及安全性。方法　２４例（３６眼）白内障患者采用飞秒激光辅助进行超声乳化白内障吸出术。术前裸眼视力为眼前数指～０．５,采用ＬｅｎＳＸ飞秒激光系统进行前囊膜切开、碎核、透明角膜切口。观察术后患者视力、角膜内皮细胞计数、并发症等情况。结果　所有患者手术顺利,术中无并发症发生。术后１ｄ,裸眼视力从术前眼前数指～０．５提高到０．１～１．２。术前内皮细胞计数平均为２７３３ｍｍ－２,随访至术后１个月时,内皮细胞计数平均为２５２９ｍｍ－２,术后内皮细胞丢失率为７％。结论　飞秒激光辅助的超声乳化白内障吸出术治疗白内障具有良好的临床效果及安全性。     

飞秒激光辅助白内障摘除手术

飞秒激光辅助白内障摘除手术(femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery,FLACS)是目前最热门的白内障手术之一.即在计算机系统引导下利用飞秒激光进行晶状体前囊膜的切开,晶状体核裂解,透明角膜切口的制作,明显降低了传统超声乳化手术中的并发症,具有十分广阔的临床应用前景.     

飞秒激光辅助的白内障手术新进展

白内障术后更完美的视功能以及更少的并发症是我们追求的目标,飞秒激光在白内障领域的应用给白内障手术的进一步突破带来了新的机遇和挑战。飞秒激光辅助的白内障手术在飞秒激光系统下行晶状体前囊膜切开、晶状体核分割以及透明角膜切口。飞秒激光晶状体前囊膜切开的囊袋口的大小更精确、形状更圆、强度更大,可预测性、可重复性均更好,IOL植入的位置更佳;激光核分割能有效地缩短超声乳化时间;角膜切口的密闭性良好。但目前也存在一些并发症和相关问题,手术安全性和远期效果尚待更多研究。     

飞秒激光辅助的白内障手术研究进展

飞秒激光辅助的白内障手术已经引起许多眼科医生的关注,可能是今后治疗白内障的主要手段。在眼前节高质量成像的指导下,医生借助计算机的精确控制进行透明角膜主切口和辅助切口制作、前囊膜切开和碎核等操作。越来越多的数据显示,飞秒激光辅助治疗白内障能减少超声乳化的时间,制造更好的角膜切口,术后患者能获得更加稳定的屈光状态。我们就飞秒激光辅助的白内障手术研究进展进行综述。     

飞秒激光辅助的白内障手术研究新进展

近年来,随着白内障超声乳化手术的广泛开展及飞秒激光技术在白内障手术领域的逐渐应用,飞秒激光辅助的白内障手术(femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery,FLACS)也逐渐普及,受到了越来越多医生的认可和推广。飞秒激光技术具有极高的精确性、自动化程度和可重复性,因此飞秒激光技术十分适合应用于以精密操作为特点的白内障手术,它可以用于白内障手术过程中进行角膜切口和角膜缘松解切口的制作、前囊膜切开,晶状体碎裂等关键操作。FLACS具有广阔的应用前景,能大大提高手术的可预测性和安全性。FLACS的出现是现代白内障手术最重要的发展之一,随着FLACS的不断发展,白内障手术将迎来新的技术革新。然而,FLACS出现的时间相对较短,仍需要更长期、更全面的数据在未来更好地证明其有效性。我们就目前FLACS的研究进展进行综述。     

LenSx飞秒激光辅助白内障手术安全性和有效性的临床研究

目的：对LenSx飞秒激光辅助的白内障手术的安全性和有效性进行临床评价及观察。
　　方法：收集2014-07/2015-07于中国医科大学附属第四医院行飞秒激光辅助的白内障超声乳化摘除联合人工晶状体植入术的患者67例76眼进行临床研究,应用接触式LenSx飞秒激光白内障手术操作平台完成前囊膜截开、晶状体预劈核、主切口及辅助切口制作及角膜弧形切口制作,对激光截囊完成率、预劈核完成率、人工晶状体植入的完成率、角膜切口完成率、术前及术后1 mo最佳矫正远视力( corrected distance visual acuity, CDVA )达到20/20、20/25、20/40的患者比例、不良事件及器械缺陷发生率进行记录,对影响角膜切口完成率的可能因素(眼别、年龄、切口位置、角膜直径、周边角膜厚度、术前角膜散光)进行回归分析。
　　结果：所有患者均顺利完成LenSx飞秒激光辅助的白内障超声乳化手术过程。其中截囊完成率97%,预劈核完成率100%,人工晶状体植入完成率100%,角膜切口完成率83%。无不良事件(晶状体囊破裂、角膜水肿、黄斑水肿、视网膜脱离)及器械缺陷发生。术后1 mo CDVA较术前显著提高,差异存在统计学意义( P<0.05)。 Logistic回归分析结果显示,切口位置是角膜切口是否完成的影响因素,而眼别、年龄、角膜直径、周边角膜厚度、术前角膜散光与角膜切口是否完成无相关性。
　　结论：LenSx飞秒激光辅助的白内障手术具有临床安全性和有效性。     

飞秒激光辅助白内障超声乳化手术的并发症及其学习曲线

目的：分析飞秒激光辅助白内障超声乳化手术相关并发症的发生率，并研究其学习曲线。方法：回顾性系列病例研究。收集2013年12月至2017年5月期间在山西省眼科医院白内障专科行飞秒激光辅助白内障超声乳化手术的患者242例（403眼），按手术先后时间分为A、B、C、D组。使用Alcon LenSx飞秒激光设计完成前囊膜圆形截囊、晶状体预劈核及透明角膜切口的制作，而后转到另一手术间完成白内障超声乳化吸除联合人工晶状体植入术，记录飞秒激光术中出现的相关并发症。使用Fisher检验比较各组相关并发症的发生率。结果：115眼（28.5%）术中发生结膜下出血；36眼（8.9%）术中发生瞳孔缩小；41眼（10.2%）术中发生撕囊不完整或撕囊偏中心；44眼（10.9%）术中发生角膜切口制作失败或位置异常。以上各组并发症的发生率均是A组高于B、C、D组，且B、C、D组的发生率有逐渐下降并趋于稳定的趋势。结论：飞秒激光辅助白内障手术在前100例中存在一定的学习曲线，通过谨慎操作及手术能力的提高，100例后各种手术并发症发生率明显降低。     

飞秒激光辅助屈光性白内障手术效果的初步观察

目的：比较飞秒激光辅助屈光性白内障手术与常规屈光性白内障手术术后视力及角膜散光的差异。

方法：将老年性白内障合并角膜散光患者60例60眼,按随机自愿原则分为飞秒组及常规组。飞秒组将患者术前角膜散光陡峭轴、平坦轴轴向及屈光度数输入在线矢量计算器,得出相关切口位置、切口宽度后,利用飞秒激光做角膜松解切口、主切口及辅助切口,再按常规行白内障超声乳化+非球面多焦点人工晶状体(multifocal intraocular lenses,IOL)植入术。常规组利用角膜穿刺刀于角膜散光陡峭轴向上做角膜全层松解切口、辅助切口,然后行白内障超声乳化+非球面多焦点IOL植入术。分别于术后1d,1wk,1mo观察两组术眼的角膜散光情况及裸眼远视力(uncorrected distance visual acuity,UCDVA)、裸眼近视力(uncorrected near visual acuity,UCNVA),并进行统计分析。

结果：飞秒组和常规组术后裸眼视力均较术前提高,且飞秒组远、近视力均高于常规组; 而各时期角膜散光飞秒组均低于常规组。

结论：飞秒激光辅助下屈光性白内障手术较传统白内障手术术后角膜散光更小、视力更好,能给患者带来更好的视觉质量。     

角膜屈光手术后人工晶状体屈光度计算方法的选择

目的：探讨角膜屈光手术后白内障患者进行超声乳化联合人工晶状体( intraocular lens,IOL)植入手术的临床效果,对不同IOL屈光度准确性进行比较。
　　方法：对我院收治的120例160眼接受白内障手术并曾行角膜屈光手术的治疗近视患者相关资料进行分析,采用病史法对可获得角膜屈光手术前的角膜曲率数据K值进行计算,采用矫正角膜曲率数值法以及角膜地形图法对患者治疗前后资料记录不完整者K值,将K值代入公式,通过比较白内障术后实际屈光状态和预期屈光状态(-0.50D),比较三种计算方法IOL屈光度准确性。
　　结果：白内障患者手术前平均最佳矫正视力为0.25±0.05,术后最佳矫正视力提高0.80±0.05;白内障患者手术前平均等效球镜值( spherical equivalent,SE)为-1.98±1.75,患者手术后SE为+0.85±3.38(P<0.05);48眼临床病史调查法( CHM)计算K值;73例采用校正角膜曲率数值法( AKM)计算K值;39例采用角膜地形图法( CTM)计算K值。
　　结论：对具有角膜屈光手术史患者根据患者临床症状、病史等选择合适的方法,能够准确地计算患者IOL,对于资料完整者采用CHM提供角膜K值;对于资料不完整者采用AKM和CHM计算K值。     

Refractive surgery in patients with high myopic anisometropia

PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy and safety of LASIK in patients with high myopic anisometropia and to provide specific screening guidelines for anisometropic patients undergoing refractive surgery. METHODS: Twenty-six eyes of 16 patients with high myopic anisometropia (>3.0 diopters) were enrolled in this study. Complete pre- and postoperative ophthalmologic and orthoptic examinations were performed. The preoperative orthoptic examination was done with glasses and contact lenses. Twenty-two eyes of 13 patients underwent uncomplicated LASIK; the second eye was treated 2 weeks after the first eye. Patients were examined 1 day, 7 days, and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. RESULTS: Thirteen patients obtaining good results at red glass bar test (RGB) underwent LASIK without postoperative diplopia; four showed an improvement of the sensorial assessment. Three patients were excluded from surgery because of diplopia with RGB values <4 to 5. LASIK temporarily induced diplopia in the suppressed eye of one patient; however, the diplopia disappeared after surgery of the fixating eye. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with high myopic anisometropia and a weak sensorial state who undergo refractive surgery may be at risk for postoperative diplopia. We suggest clinical guidelines to reduce the occurrence of this complication.     

Intraocular lens power calculation after corneal refractive surgery

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Keratorefractive procedures designed to decrease refractive errors have gained enormous popularity among ophthalmologists and patients. As the post-refractive surgery patient population ages, visually significant cataracts will develop. With advances in techniques for cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation, cataract surgery has evolved into a refractive surgical procedure as well as an operation to improve best corrected visual acuity. This raises expectations in terms of desired postoperative refractive status and uncorrected visual acuity. Although performing modern cataract surgery in post-refractive surgery eyes is technically no more complicated than operating on virgin eyes, the calculation of intraocular lens power for a desired refractive target can be challenging and complicated. This has become increasingly apparent as case reports of "refractive surprises" after cataract surgery appear in the literature more frequently. RECENT FINDINGS: This paper reviews the current clinical experience with intraocular lens power determination after cataract surgery in post-keratorefractive patients, provides an overview of possible sources of error in intraocular lens power calculation in these patients, and analyzes methods to minimize intraocular lens power errors. SUMMARY: The clinical and routine methods of intraocular lens power determination after keratorefractive surgery need to be modified to improve accuracy. Our knowledge of this subject is still evolving. Given the enormous impact of this problem on clinical practice, awareness of the shortcomings and suggested methods to improve accuracy can be valuable to clinicians.     

眼前节毒性综合征

眼前节毒性综合征(toxic anterior segment syndrome,TASS)是内眼术后眼前节的无菌性炎性反应,已成为一个重要的白内障手术并发症。手术中进入前房的各种非感染性毒剂均可能导致TASS的发生,主要表现为角膜弥漫性水肿、睫状充血、前房纤维素性渗出等,大多数患者糖皮质激素治疗有效,少数可遗留永久性眼内组织损伤,以至于影响视力,故早期诊断和治疗显得至关重要。我们现就TASS作一综述,希望能引起眼科医师的关注。     

Ptosis secondary to anterior segment surgery and its repair in a two-year follow-up study

OBJECTIVE: Aponeurotic blepharoptosis is a postoperative complication of anterior segment surgery with a reported incidence of 1-2% and a variable aetiology. In this 2-year follow-up study, we investigated the incidence of this postoperative complication in our experience of anterior segment surgery and propose a modified technique of aponeurosis advancement for its repair. METHODS: 200 consecutive patients undergoing anterior segment surgery in our eye clinic were enrolled in the study. Patients who developed any other operative or postoperative complication were excluded from the study. In all patients, the following upper lid parameters were calculated to determine whether postoperative blepharoptosis had occurred: margin-reflex distance, upper eyelid crease, use of frontalis muscle and levator function. A questionnaire was submitted to all blepharoptosis patients investigating mainly their subjective judgement of the impact of blepharoptosis on their quality of life and if they had been informed accurately about the incidence of this postoperative complication. RESULTS: 163 patients were included in our study. 11 had postoperative blepharoptosis (6.7%). 9 patients wanted ptosis repair and were operated on with our modified technique. None of the 11 ptosis patients had been informed about the possible occurrence of the blepharoptosis as postoperative complication. Our modified technique shows good, long-lasting results. CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative blepharoptosis is a well-known postoperative complication of anterior segment surgery. It can be successfully treated surgically by aponeurosis advancement. It is our opinion that all patients should be informed of the possibility of postoperative blepharoptosis when consenting for anterior segment surgery.     

准分子激光角膜屈光手术偏中心切削

偏中心切削是准分子激光角膜屈光手术较常见的并发症,可造成患者裸眼视力（UCVA）和最佳矫正视力（BCVA）下降,眩光、光晕、单眼复视、不规则散光、眼部高阶像差增加等,严重影响患者视觉质量和手术效果,用常规方法难以处理,成为困扰患者和手术医师的一大难题。就偏中心切削的发生原因、临床表现及预防和治疗进行综述。     

Normal exophthalmometry values: the need for calibrated exophthalmometers

Visual loss is a devastating complication after orbital surgery, particularly that at the orbital apex or alongside the optic nerve. The clinical characteristics of 14 such patients, representing less than 1% of orbital surgery performed, are presented and the possible mechanisms discussed. The majority of patients suffered a posterior ischaemic optic neuropathy and this is likely to be related to postoperative vasospasm induced by extravasated blood and inflammatory mediators.     

Administration of autologous blood to a patient via intrableb injection as a method for treating hypotony after trabeculectomy

Hypotony is a common complication of glaucoma filtering surgery. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the treatment of this complication by intrableb injection of autologous blood. This procedure was performed in 9 patients with hypotony after trabeculectomy. Normalization of intraocular pressure was noted in 8 patients. No complications were observed. Intrableb injection of autologous blood can be used as an effective method in the treatment of hypotony following filtration surgery.     

The "devil's touch"; visual loss and orbital surgery. A synopsis of the Mustardé Lecture, 2006

Visual loss is a devastating complication after orbital surgery, particularly that at the orbital apex or alongside the optic nerve. The clinical characteristics of 14 such patients, representing less than 1% of orbital surgery performed, are presented and the possible mechanisms discussed. The majority of patients suffered a posterior ischaemic optic neuropathy and this is likely to be related to postoperative vasospasm induced by extravasated blood and inflammatory mediators.