置管溶栓联合球囊成形术治疗血液透析动静脉内瘘闭塞

目的探讨置管溶栓联合球囊成形术治疗血液透析动静脉内瘘闭塞伴血管狭窄的应用价值。方法回顾性分析经超声及血管造影证实为动静脉内瘘血栓性闭塞伴血管狭窄患者46例,其中观察组23例,行置管溶栓联合球囊形术治疗,对照组23例,行经头静脉留置针溶栓治疗。观察组:术中对闭塞段行导管导丝穿通术、给予25万U尿激酶注溶栓,术后视血栓清除情况保留导管持续泵入尿激酶1~3天,每天50万U,对于血栓溶解后瘘道血管仍狭窄者联合囊成形术进行治疗;对照组:经头静脉留置针泵入尿激酶1~3天,每天50万U。观察治疗后动静脉内瘘闭塞的开通况。比较治疗前后的血管造影表现、透析时血流量等的变化。结果观察组23例动静脉内瘘闭塞患者中,2例于治疗即刻造影显示动静脉内瘘即恢复通畅,分别有10、3、2例于治疗后24、48及72h造影复查示血栓溶解,动静脉内瘘满足者血液透析的要求,1例狼疮肾患者于24h复查造影示术中开通的闭塞段再次闭塞,予再次球囊扩张治疗后透析道血恢复,对5例行再次造瘘。对照组23例患者中仅有5例于72h内内瘘开通,余18例均行再次造瘘。两组患者治疗后管开通情况的差异具有统计学意义(2χ=17.07,P0.001)。所有病例溶栓过程中均未出现肺栓塞及出血等严重并发症结论置管溶栓联合球囊成形术是治疗血液透析动静脉内瘘闭塞伴血管狭窄的微创、安全、有效的方法,尤其适用于血条件差,缺少再次造瘘血管的患者。     

Minimal diameter of the fistula vein defines a significant stenosis in an autologous arteriovenous fistula

Objective To define a parameter of autologous arteriovenous fistula stenosis that limits the fistula function for hemodialysis in our country. Methods Retrospectively study the doppler ultrasound of patients who accepted the percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) therapy due to autogenous arteriovenous fistula dysfunction; identify the least diameter of the fistula vein and compare it with the corresponding data of well-functioned fistula. Determine which absolute diameter constitutes a hemodynamically significant stenosis in a radiocephalic autologous arteriovenous fistula by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve). Result Forty-two patients were enrolled in the study. The average age of those patients was 54.63±2.44 years old. Twenty-one patients were female. Twenty-six fistula located on the left arm. The minimal diameter of the dysfunction fistula averaged 1.57±0.07 mm, while the average forearm fistula vein diameter was 4.04±0.23 mm, significantly smaller than those in the compare group - an average minimal fistula vein diameter of 3.34±0.11 mm and a forearm vein diameter of 5.36(4.52, 6.45) mm (P﹤0.05). The control group contained sixty-eight patients. The average age of those patients was 52.56±2.00 years old. Thirty-one patients were female. Forty-nine fistula located on the left arm. It was quiet appropriate in using minimal diameter of the fistula vein to indicate the dysfunction istula with an under-curve area of 0.979, 95%CI 0.959-0.998. The under-curve area would be at the largest level when meeting the cutoff point at 2.40mm, in which it could achieve the area of 0.853. Conclusions The minimal diameter of the dysfunction wrist autogenous arteriovenous fistula was much smaller than the functioned ones. Minimal diameter of the fistula vein may serve as an effective parameter in detecting dysfunction fistula.     

球囊扩张成形术处理透析用动静脉内瘘狭窄性病变及短中期结果

目的:探讨球囊扩张成形技术在治疗血液透析用动静脉内瘘(AVF)狭窄的临床效果。方法:回顾性分析2014年5月—2015年12月间采用球囊扩张成形技术治疗的31例血液透析用AVF狭窄性病变患者的临床资料。结果:31例患者中,男18例,女13例;桡动脉-头静脉内瘘27例,桡动脉-贵要静脉内瘘2例,尺动脉-贵要静脉内瘘2例;均接受球囊扩张技术治疗。28例(90.3%)获得技术上的成功,围手术期无患者死亡。1例患者术后出现动脉穿刺处假性动脉瘤,1例患者术后出现AVF血栓形成,1例患者出现前臂皮下血肿,其他所有患者AVF恢复通畅并能够以正常流量进行血液透析治疗。术后随访3~12个月,3、6、12个月初次通畅率分别为92.9%,75.0%,50.0%。结论:球囊扩张成形术处理AVF狭窄性病变微创、安全,是AVF狭窄性病变的合理治疗方法,但其中长期疗效仍有待于进一步改善。     

超高压球囊扩张术治疗维持性血液透析患者动静脉内瘘狭窄中的护理体会

目的分析因动静脉内瘘狭窄行超高压球囊扩张术的血液透析患者的护理经验。方法对14例动静脉内瘘患者行超高压球囊扩张术,术中透视下导丝引导超高压球囊至狭窄部位,逐级扩张。术前进行包括心理和常规护理在内的准备,术中手术护士做好器械配合及耗材管理,术后使用扣眼式穿刺法做透析滤过清除对比剂,同时进行宣教等护理工作。结果 14例血液透析患者术后进行血滤治疗测试血流量均≥250ml/min,平均(270.00±27.33)ml/min。所有患者均顺利完成当次血液净化治疗,无血管破裂、出血、感染和血管栓塞发生。结论悉心护理可促进患者康复,有效提高术后治疗效果。     

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for venous stenosis of hemodialysis fistula: Indication and prognosis

Background Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty is an acceptable procedure for insufficient hemodialysis fistula flow, but the factors affecting the patency after angioplasty remain to be clarified. Methods Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty was performed 29 times in 24 patients undergoing hemodialysis who had insufficient blood flow arising from stenosis in the venous limb of the arterio-venous fistula. We retrospectively investigated factors affecting patency of stenotic lesions after the angioplastic procedure. Results Cumulative patency rate after angioplasty in all patients, by using Kaplan-Meier's plot, amounted to 58% at 1 year and 54% at 2 years. Analysis by the Cox proportional hazard model showed that length of the stenotic lesions was the only significant factor for patency. The 1-year patency rate after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty was identified as 81% when original stenosis length had been less than 1 cm, 42% when stenosis length had been between 1 and 2 cm, and 16% when stenosis length had exceeded 2 cm. Conclusion Short venous stenotic lesions in hemodialysis fistulas can be treated successfully with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty.     

Paclitaxel coated balloon versus conventional balloon angioplasty in dysfunctional dialysis arteriovenous fistula: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

PurposeTo compare the efficacy and safety between paclitaxel coated balloon (PCB) angioplasty and conventional balloon (CB) angioplasty in the treatment of dysfunctional arteriovenous fistula (AVF).MethodsWe searched four major electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library) for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from inception through November 28, 2021. Outcomes of interest included target lesion primary patency (TLPP), technical success and all-cause mortality. The STATA package version 15.1 was utilized to undertake meta-analyses.ResultsFourteen RCTs totaling 1535 patients were analyzed. The available data showed that there were no significant differences of TLPP rates at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months between the PCB group and the CB group (risk ratio (RR) 1.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93–1.07, p = 1.000, I² = 33.5%, Cochrane Q test p = 0.185, fixed-effect model; RR 1.17, 95% CI 0.99–1.39, p = 0.065, I² = 75.4%, Cochrane Q test p = 0.000, random-effect model; RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.35–1.89, p = 0.625, I² = 62.8%, Cochrane Q test p = 0.045, random-effect model; RR 1.19, 95% CI 0.97–1.47, p = 0.096, I² = 40.5%, Cochrane Q test p = 0.071, random-effect model). In addition, two groups had similar technical success rates (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.97–1.03, p = 1.000, I² = 0.0%, Cochrane Q test p = 0.596, fixed-effect model) and all-cause mortality rates (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.54–1.84, p = 1.000, I² = 0.0%, Cochrane Q test p = 0.599, fixed-effect model).ConclusionsPCB angioplasty did not appear to convey any obvious advantage over CB angioplasty in the treatment of dysfunctional AVF. However, further multi-center, large-scale and well-designed RCTs are needed to prove outcomes.     

Relation between autogenous arteriovenous fistula diameter and hemodynamic parameter

Objective To analyze the relationship between the least diameter of autogenous arteriovenous fistula and other parameters like flow rate and artery diameter. To identify an appropriate way in defining fistula stenosis. Methods Physical examination and Doppler ultrasound were used to examine the autogenous arteriovenous fistula of maintenance hemodialysis patients. Well-used wrist arteriovenous fistula was included. The least diameter of the fistula vein was found and marked by ultrasound, and the diameter and the distance between the point and the anastomotic stoma were measured. Diameters of different places along the cephalic vein of the fistula, including the forearm place, the place close to elbow and the upper arm place were measured by ultrasound. Meanwhile, diameter as well as flow velocity and flow rate of brachial artery, radial artery and ulnar artery were also measured. Result Sixty-eight patients were enrolled in the study. The average age of those patients was 52.56±2.00 years old. Thirty-one patients were female. Forty-nine fistula were located on the left arm. The average diameter and flow rate of brachial artery were 5.72(5.34, 6.33) mm and 821.50(540.50, 1075.00) ml/min, respectively. The average diameters of radial artery and ulnar artery were 3.95±0.10mm and 3.17(2.73,3.75) mm, respectively. The least diameter of cephalic vein was 3.34±0.11mm in average. The distance between the least place to the anastomotic stoma was 3.76±0.14cm in average. The diameter of forearm cephalic vein was averaged 5.36(4.52, 6.45) mm. Diameter of place close to elbow and the upper arm place in the cephalic vein were (5.57±0.12) mm and (5.80±0.14) mm, respectively. The least diameter of cephalic vein was positively and statistically associated with the diameter and flow rate of brachial artery as well as radial artery. The least diameter was also positively and statistically associated with the diameter of each place in the cephalic vein. Statistical inter-group difference was found when the division was based on the value of the least diameter. Conclusion sThe least diameter of the wrist autogenous arteriovenous fistula vein will indeed affect the whole diameter and flow rate of the fistula. The value of the least diameter is more closely associated with the fistula function rather than narrow rate.     

介入手术联合口服培哚普利治疗血液透析患者动静脉瘘功能不良的疗效

目的 探讨经皮血管成形术(percutaneous transluminal angioplasty,PTA)治疗血液透析动静脉内瘘狭窄的有效性,比较介入手术后联合培哚普利对再次狭窄率的影响.方法 对17例自体血管动静脉内瘘狭窄患者行血管造影,其中15例行PTA.7例患者PTA术后每日口服培哚普利8 mg,7例患者未服用任何血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor,ACEI)和血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂(angiotensin receptor blocker,ARB).术后对患者进行随访,观察球囊扩张术的并发症、技术成功率、临床成功率和半年通畅率.结果 17例患者均在动静脉内瘘成熟并使用3个月以上发生功能不良,造影见狭窄多位于动静脉吻合口附近及头静脉透析用穿刺段.经PTA治疗后,造影显示狭窄段血管扩张、再通,治疗技术成功率达86.7％ (13/15),临床成功率达93.3％(14/15).2例患者因为导丝无法通过近乎闭塞段血管而选择其他手术方式.穿刺部位血肿2例,无医源性血管破裂,无继发血栓形成.随访6个月,14例获得临床成功的患者内瘘半年通畅率为64.3％,其中培哚普利组发生再次狭窄1例,对照组发生再次狭窄4例.结论 PTA是治疗动静脉内瘘狭窄安全、有效及微创的方法,联合口服培哚普利可能有助于降低术后再次狭窄率.     

维持性血液透析患者前臂动静脉内瘘狭窄的球囊导管扩张治疗

目的：探讨球囊导管扩张（PTA）治疗维持性血液透析患者前臂动静脉内瘘（AVF）狭窄的临床效果。方法：自2006年01月～2010年06月,对5例前臂AVF的维持性血液透析患者进行了10次PTA治疗。结果：5例患者PTA术后即血流量恢复,但分别在3～24个月后复发,再次PTA治疗后血流量恢复;较短时间发生第1次复发的2例患者分别又在术后3、4个月发生第2次复发,其余患者目前尚未发生狭窄。结论：前臂AVF狭窄形成后,及时采用PTA治疗是修复失功能内瘘的一种行之有效的方法,PTA治疗后复发时间较长的患者,如发生再次复发可继续行PTA治疗。     

臂丛神经阻滞在动静脉内瘘成形术中的应用

目的观察臂丛神经阻滞在动静脉内瘘成形术中的效果。方法拟行动静脉内瘘成形术患者152例,随机均分为臂丛神经阻滞组和局部浸润麻醉组。臂丛神经阻滞组手术中采用臂丛神经阻滞法进行麻醉,局部浸润麻醉组术中给予局部浸润麻醉法。比较两组术中VAS疼痛评分、术中血管直径、术后4h内瘘血流量、手术时间、术后24h和术后2年的手术成功率及麻醉安全性。结果臂丛神经阻滞组VAS疼痛评分、手术时间明显低于局部浸润麻醉组(P0.01);臂丛神经阻滞组术中动脉直径、术中静脉直径和内瘘血流量明显高于局部浸润麻醉组(P0.01)。臂丛神经阻滞组术后24h手术成功率为98.68%,与局部浸润麻醉组的92.11%差异无统计学意义;但臂丛神经阻滞组术后2年手术成功率为88.16%,明显高于局部浸润麻醉组的75.00%(P0.05)。两组均未见明显药物不良反应。结论臂丛神经阻滞可减轻术中疼痛,提高动静脉内瘘成形术手术成功率。     

血液透析患者动静脉内瘘成功的影响因素

目的　了解影响动静脉内瘘成功的因素。方法　 40例新建内瘘病例术中测动静脉管径、动脉血流量、吻合口口径、内瘘血流量及术前平均动脉压。其中 ,18例还进行多普勒超声检查 ,测量术前动静脉管径、动脉血流量及术后连续 6周随访内瘘血流量和管径。结果　通过单因素、多因素回归分析 ,平均动脉压、动脉血流量与术后短时间的内瘘血流量呈正相关 (P <0 0 5 ) ;静脉管径与术后内瘘血流量呈正相关 (P <0 0 5 )。术后随访期内瘘血流量和管径随时间逐渐增加 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　低血压、静脉管径细会造成内瘘失败 ,术前动脉血流量达到 2 0ml/min术后可很快获得满意的血流量 ;吻合口口径在 8～ 10mm较为适宜 ;内瘘的使用尽量在 6周以后。     

超声引导下腔内血管成形术治疗动静脉内瘘狭窄早期疗效评估

目的探讨超声引导下腔内血管成形术在治疗血液透析动静脉内瘘(AVF)狭窄的早期疗效。方法回顾性分析接受超声引导下经皮腔内血管成形术(PTA)治疗的24例前臂AVF狭窄的透析患者的临床资料,比较术前及术后即刻狭窄处内径,对通畅率采用Kaplan-Meier生存分析。结果 24例患者均获得技术成功,成功率为100%(24/24)。无穿刺部位假性动脉瘤及皮下血肿等并发症发生,除1例术后AVF血栓形成,围术期无患者死亡。术后随访3、6、9、12个月的初级通畅率分别为87.50%(21/24)、83.33%(20/24)、79.17%(19/24)、58.33%(14/24)。结论超声引导下PTA治疗AVF狭窄性病变微创、安全,是AVF狭窄性病变的合理治疗方法,近期效果明显。     

经皮腔内血管成形术在血液透析患者失功或未成熟动静脉内瘘中的应用

<正>自体动静脉内瘘是临床对需长期血液透析的慢性肾衰竭患者建立动静脉通路的常用方式,然而目前动静脉内瘘失功及未成熟的发生率仍较高,其中桡动脉—头静脉内瘘失功及未成熟发生率高达25%~33%~([1])。近年研究~([2-3])强调多数失功或未成熟的动静脉内瘘可通过经皮穿刺技术重塑再通。本研究旨在评估对需长期血液透析的动静脉内瘘患者进行经皮腔内     

Paclitaxel drug-coated balloon angioplasty for the treatment of failing arteriovenous fistulas: a single-center experience

Abstract

Objectives: To report our experience of angioplasty with Lutonix (Bard Peripheral Vascular, Inc., Tempe, AZ) drug-coated balloon (DCB) for the treatment of failing arteriovenous fistulas (AVF).

Materials and methods: Retrospective, single-center analysis consisting of 14 patients treated with Lutonix paclitaxel DCBs in the period from July 2015 through April 2017. We analyzed technical success, clinical success, primary patency of the target lesion, primary patency of the dialysis circuit, and the rate of complications. Regular follow-up of AVF patency was realized by clinical examination and duplex ultrasonography. The Kaplan–Meier survival method was applied to determine the cumulative primary patency of the target lesion and the dialysis circuit.

Results: Technical success was 100% and clinical success 92.9%. There were no major or minor complications. Cumulative target lesion primary patency after DCB was 69.2% at 6 months and 31.6% at 12 months. Cumulative vascular circuit primary patency was 61.5% at 6 months and 31.6% at 12 months.

Conclusion: Compared to results reported in literature with plain old balloon angioplasty (POBA), Lutonix paclitaxel DCB angioplasty proved a short-term patency benefit in treatment of dialysis AVF stenosis.     

A randomized controlled trial of drug-coated balloon angioplasty in venous anastomotic stenosis of dialysis arteriovenous grafts

ObjectivePaclitaxel-coated balloons are used to reduce neointimal hyperplasia in native arteriovenous (AV) fistulas. However, no study specifically evaluated their effect on venous anastomotic stenosis of dialysis grafts. We aimed to compare the efficacy of angioplasty with drug-coated balloons (DCBs) and angioplasty with conventional balloons (CBs) for venous anastomotic stenosis in dysfunctional AV grafts.MethodsIn this investigator-initiated, single-center, single-blinded, prospective randomized controlled trial, we randomly assigned 44 patients who had venous anastomotic stenosis to undergo angioplasty with DCBs (n = 22) or CBs (n = 22) from July 2015 to August 2018. Access function was observed per the hemodialysis center's protocols; ancillary angiographic follow-up was performed every 2 months for 1 year after the interventions. The primary end point was target lesion primary patency at 6 months. Secondary outcomes included anatomic and clinical success after angioplasty, circuit primary patency at 6 months and 1 year, and target lesion primary patency at 1 year.ResultsAt 6 months, target lesion primary patency in the DCB group was significantly greater than that in the CB group (41% vs 9%; hazard ratio [HR], 0.393; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.194-0.795; P = .006), as was the primary patency of the entire access circuit (36% vs 9%; HR, 0.436; 95% CI, 0.218-0.870; P = .013). At 1 year, the target lesion primary patency in the DCB group remained greater than that in the CB group (23% vs 9%; HR, 0.477; 95% CI, 0.243-0.933; P = .019) but not the primary patency of the access circuit (14% vs 9%; HR, 0.552; 95% CI, 0.288-1.059; P = .056). No difference in anatomic or clinical success was observed; no major complications were noted.ConclusionsAngioplasty with DCBs showed a modest improvement in primary patency of venous anastomotic stenosis and all dialysis AV grafts at 6 months. The short-term benefit was not durable to 1 year, and reinterventions were eventually needed.     

Cost-effect analysis of endovascular intervention to central vein stenosis in hemodialysis population

Objective To evaluate the clinical features and the survival benefits of Chinese hemodialysis (HD) patients with central vein stenosis (CVS) undergoing different treatments. Methods From January 1, 2011 to Dec 31, 2012, 116 HD patients at high risk of CVS in Wuhan Central Hospital had their bilateral central veins assessed by vascular ultrasound and conventional venography. The clinical outcomes of 24 non-treated asymptomatic CVS patients, 17 non-treated symptomatic CVS patients and 6 treated symptomatic CVS patients were compared. Treatment costs of CVS were recorded and patients' survival rates were estimated by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results Among 116 patients, 47 were diagnosed with CVS. The time span between symptomatic presentation and the diagnosis of CVS was more than 10 months averagely. Compared with non-CVS patients, the duration of HD in CVS patients was longer [(33.8±14.5) months vs (1.1±0.7) months, P﹤0.01] and the rate of central venous catheter (CVC) insertion was higher (87.2% vs 14.5%, P﹤0.01). Only 6 patients tried to maintain vascular access by endovascular intervention which costed ￥33 500 per person, much higher than other treatment options. While 30 patients refused endovascular intervention for fear of re-stenosis risk and high treatment costs, among whom 28 patients lost their initial vascular access. The 12-month survival rates of non-treated symptomatic CVS patients, treated symptomatic CVS patients and non-treated asymptomatic CVS patients were 84.6%, 88.9% and 87.0%, respectively, and the 24-month survival rates were 38.5%, 61% and 53.9%, respectively. No significant difference was found among the three groups. Conclusions Endovascular intervention may not be the first choice, but an alternative choice for Chinese HD patients with CVS, considering the long term survival benefit and the high treatment cost.     

经桡动脉行自体动静脉内瘘功能不良的介入治疗

目的探讨经桡动脉行自体动静脉瘘(AVF)腔内成形和(或)溶栓治疗的可行性。方法于因AVF狭窄或血栓闭塞而需行介入治疗的患者中,选取经桡动脉入路介入治疗的8例患者进行回顾性分析。结果首次造影证实6例患者为AVF重度狭窄,即刻行腔内球囊成形术,术后狭窄程度改善;对2例急性血栓形成患者行动脉内溶栓治疗,次日复查造影示血栓溶解,其中1例溶栓后造影显示吻合口附近静脉狭窄严重,行PTA治疗,另1例狭窄程度较轻者未进一步PTA治疗。对8例患者随访2~13个月,其中7例可正常行AVF透析,1例单纯PTA治疗患者2个月后再次行PTA治疗,4个月后因AVF功能不良而改行颈内静脉插管透析。结论经桡动脉行AVF功能不良的介入治疗有一定的可行性。     

上肢远端透析建立自体动静脉瘘的治疗体会

目的 回顾性分析手术行上肢远端自体动静脉瘘建立血液透析通路的方法及处理动静脉瘘闭塞的治疗体会.方法 总结2007年8月-2011年3月施行首次自体动静脉瘘术214例及处理动静脉瘘闭塞22例患者的临床资料,比较成功率及远期通畅率.结果 214例首次自体动静脉瘘术,取鼻烟窝处头静脉—桡动脉侧侧吻合168例,腕关节近端头静脉—桡动脉端侧吻合46例,成功203例(94.8％),失败11例(5.2％),患肢水肿82例,无窃血综合征及心衰发生,1年通畅率为95.2％,2年通畅率为91.3％.处理动静脉瘘闭塞22例,包括术后急性闭塞取栓再通8例,吻合口狭窄血栓形成行取栓加球囊扩张再通8例、失败l例,慢性闭塞后近端再次吻合5例.结论 上肢远端自体动静脉瘘术,以“鼻烟窝”处动静脉造瘘为首选方法,积极处理原有动静脉瘘的闭塞问题,往往可以延长患者自身血管的使用时间,提高生活质量.     

球囊扩张联合覆膜支架植入治疗人造血管动静脉内瘘狭窄

目的 探讨球囊扩张联合覆膜支架植入治疗人造血管动静脉内瘘(AVG)狭窄的临床疗效.方法 前瞻性选取15例经皮腔内血管成型术(PTA)疗效欠佳的AVG狭窄患者,且具备以下特点:狭窄长度不超过7 cm,狭窄程度大于50％;PTA后3个月内狭窄复发2次或以上;扩张后残余狭窄＞30％或狭窄部位立即弹性回缩.所有患者在数字减影血管造影(DSA)下行球囊扩张后植入不同内径的聚四氟乙烯覆膜支架.结果 男3例,女12例,平均年龄(66±12)岁.支架植入前内瘘平均使用时间为(19.5±15.0)个月.共植入支架16枚,技术成功率100％,植入部位为静脉吻合口9例(9/15);静脉流出道6例(6/15),其中头静脉3例,肱静脉2例,腋静脉1例.首次开通率3个月为40％,6个月为19％,12个月为13％.再次开通率3个月为93％,6个月为88％,12个月为87％.术后平均随访时间为(14.9±5.3)个月,再窄狭率为87％(13/15).术后PTA 36例次,支架内狭窄36％ (13/36);支架远端狭窄8％ (3/36);支架近端狭窄22％(8/36);与支架无关的狭窄33％ (12/36).AVG中位生存时间为25个月.结论 球囊扩张联合覆膜支架植入治疗AVG狭窄技术成功率高,并发症少,首次开通率不高,但再次开通率令人满意.