弓形虫ROP5基因与基因佐剂IL-12对小鼠免疫保护性

目的 观察弓形虫ROP5基因疫苗和基因免疫佐剂IL-12共免疫对昆明小鼠所诱导的免疫保护性。方法 大量制备重组质粒pcROP5和pcmIL-12,以100 μg的剂量同时免疫昆明小鼠,PBS组和pcDNA3.1空质粒组作为对照。用ELISA法测定免疫鼠血清中特异性抗体IgG、IgG亚型的表达水平及细胞因子IFN-γ、IL-4的含量,MTT法测定淋巴细胞转化率,观察小鼠受攻击感染弓形虫后的存活时间。结果 质粒pcROP5和pcmIL-12共免疫小鼠3次后,与pcROP5质粒单独免疫组和对照组相比,IL-12基因佐剂的共免疫提高了免疫鼠血清中特异性抗体IgG及IgG亚型IgG2a的表达水平,提高了细胞因子IFN-γ的含量,增加了淋巴细胞的转化率,但IgG1和IL-4的表达水平变化不大;攻击感染后,质粒pcROP5和pcmIL-12共免疫组小鼠存活时间显著延长。结论 弓形虫ROP5基因与基因佐剂pcmIL-12共免疫能增强对小鼠的免疫保护性。     

弓形虫ROP11核酸疫苗免疫保护作用的研究

目的观察ROP11核酸疫苗对BALB/c小鼠的免疫保护作用。方法 40只BALB/c小鼠随机分为实验组、空质粒对照组、PBS对照组和空白对照组,每组10只,均通过股四头肌注射免疫小鼠。其中实验组每鼠注射pcDNA3.1（＋）-ROP11重组质粒100μg（1μg/μl）,空质粒对照组注射pcDNA3.1（＋）质粒100μg（1μg/μl）,PBS对照组注射无菌PBS缓冲液100μl,空白对照组不注射。共免疫3次,每次间隔2周,末次接种量均加倍。分别于每次注射前和末次注射后第2周检测小鼠血清特异性IgG和细胞因子IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-4、IL-10。末次注射后2周各组小鼠腹腔攻击感染RH株弓形虫速殖子1×10^3个/只,观察其存活时间,评价免疫效果。结果 ROP11核酸疫苗能诱发小鼠产生细胞免疫和体液免疫反应,实验组小鼠血清特异IgG随着免疫次数的增加而显著增高（P〈0.05）。血清IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-4、IL-10均不同程度升高（P〈0.05）。重组质粒免疫组、空质粒免疫组、PBS和空白对照组小鼠经RH株弓形虫攻击感染后的平均存活时间为236.3、97.8、96.3和96.2h,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 ROP11核酸疫苗对BALB/c小鼠弓形虫感染有一定的免疫保护性,为进一步研究ROP11核酸疫苗的生物学功能提供了实验基础。     

弓形虫表面抗原SAG3基因和IL-2基因佐剂混合诱导小鼠免疫应答研究

目的了解编码SAG3的重组质粒和IL-2基因佐剂在小鼠体内的免疫反应,为进一步的核酸疫苗及免疫学研究创造条件。方法将编码SAG3的质粒和鼠源性IL-2表达载体以100μg的剂量感染小鼠,3周中两次以相同的剂量加强免疫,分别以PBS和空质粒pcDNA3.1感染。采用ELISA法测定抗体水平、亚型、IFN-γI、L-4和IL-2的含量,RT-PCR方法检测注射部位目的基因的转录,所有鼠均由强毒力ZS2株弓形虫感染。结果SAG3表达质粒3次免疫后鼠体内特异IgG水平明显上升,IL-2表达质粒的联合使用导致IgG2a水平的升高和IFN-γ的产生,提高了其分泌IL-2的水平,但对IL-4的水平产生轻微的影响;RT-PCR显示首次使用导致IgG2a水平的升高和IFN-γ的产生,提高了其分泌IL-2的水平,但对IL-4的水平产生轻微的影响;RT-PCR显示首次免疫15天后,目的基因在肌肉组织中仍有表达;混合质粒注射和小鼠抗弓形虫感染的存活时间延长。结论由SAG3 DNA诱导的免疫应答因IL-2表达质粒的共同注射而增强,DNA疫苗和适当细胞因子的共注射对抵抗弓形虫感染的效果值得进一步研究。     

弓形虫SAG1-SAG2复合DNA疫苗免疫小鼠诱导的免疫保护性

目的利用已构建的弓形虫主要表面抗原SAG1DNA疫苗及SAG1-SAG2复合DNA疫苗,接种BALB/c小鼠,观察疫苗的免疫保护性。方法将两核酸疫苗分别通过肌肉注射免疫小鼠,对照组注射pcDNA3.1空质粒。ELISA法检测血清IgG抗体及细胞因子IL-2、IFN-γ和IL-4;用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)法测定免疫鼠脾脏NK细胞杀伤率;流式细胞仪测定T细胞亚群;用弓形虫速殖子腹腔攻击感染小鼠,观察小鼠的生存时间。结果SAG1-SAG2组小鼠IgG抗体、IFN-γ、IL-2及CD4 /CD8 细胞比例均高于SAG1组(P<0.05);各组均未检测到IL-4;复合DNA疫苗组感染弓形虫后生存时间较单基因组延长(P<0.01)。结论弓形虫SAG1-SAG2复合DNA疫苗较SAG1单基因疫苗具有更好的免疫保护性。     

弓形虫SAG1单基因疫苗与SAG1-ROP2复合基因疫苗的免疫效果观察

目的构建弓形虫主要表面抗原SAG1单价基因疫苗及其与棒状体蛋白ROP2的复合基因疫苗,接种BALB/c小鼠,观察疫苗的免疫保护性。方法构建重组质粒pcDNA3.1SAG1及pcDNA3.1SAG1ROP2。将两核酸疫苗分别免疫小鼠,ELISA法检测血清IgG抗体、IFNγ、IL4;流式细胞仪测定T细胞亚群;弓形虫速殖子腹腔攻击感染观察小鼠生存时间。结果获得pcDNA3.1SAG1、pcDNA3.1SAG1ROP2重组质粒;pcDNA3.1SAG1ROP2组小鼠IgG抗体(P<0.05)、IFNγ(P<0.01)及CD8+细胞比例(P<0.05)均高于pcDNA3.1SAG1组;实验组组均未测到IL4;复合基因组感染弓形虫后生存时间较单基因组延长(P<0.01)。结论弓形虫不同生活阶段的抗原基因复合疫苗较单基因疫苗具有更好的免疫保护性。     

幽门螺杆菌ureI核酸疫苗免疫活性的初步研究

目的 观察幽门螺杆菌ureI核酸疫苗诱导C57BL/6小鼠产生体液免疫应答及细胞免疫应答水平.方法 重组质粒pcDNA3.1(+)/ureI、空质粒pcDNA3.1(+)及PBS分别肌注免疫C57BL/6小鼠.ELISA法检测小鼠血清中特异性IgG抗体水平以及脾淋巴细胞培养上清中IL-4和IFN-γ含量,MTT比色法检测脾淋巴细胞增殖反应,PCR和免疫荧光组化法检测ureI基因和蛋白表达.结果 pcDNA3.1(+)/ureI能够诱导小鼠产生特异性IgG抗体,该组小鼠脾淋巴细胞经UreI重组蛋白刺激后,其刺激指数和培养上清中IL-4、IFN-γ含量明显升高; ureI基因可在小鼠肌细胞中有效表达.结论 pcDNA3.1(+)/ureI核酸疫苗能刺激C57BL/6小鼠产生较强的体液免疫应答和细胞免疫应答,为进一步研究该疫苗的免疫保护作用奠定了基础.     

弓形虫P30基因重组质粒的构建及其免疫效果

目的　通过构建含弓形虫P30不同表达形式 (膜型、分泌型及细胞内型 )的重组质粒 ,并将其用于免疫小鼠 ,测定抗体水平 ,以期初步筛选出一种对弓形虫感染具有良好保护作用的核酸疫苗。　方法　利用PCR技术和亚克隆技术分别构建弓形虫表膜型P30基因重组质粒 (含完整的P30编码序列 ,包括信号肽及疏水尾 )pcDNA3 P30Mb ,分泌型P30基因重组质粒 (含完整的P30编码序列 ,不包括疏水尾 )pcDNA3 P30Se以及细胞内型P30基因重组质粒 (含完整的P30编码序列 ,但不包括信号肽 )pcDNA3 P30In。将以上 3种重组质粒分别与脂质体混合后免疫小鼠 ,ELISA及免疫印迹测定小鼠血清中特异的IgG抗体。　结果　成功构建了弓形虫P30基因 3种表达形式的重组质粒 ,经双酶切鉴定及DNA序列测定 ,3种重组质粒中的插入片段确为P30的编码基因 ,且读码框架正确 ;抗体测定显示 :3个免疫组均能诱导小鼠产生特异的IgG抗体 ,但各组之间IgG出现的时间及强度有一定的差异。　结论　用编码弓形虫P30抗原的重组质粒进行核酸免疫 ,能诱导免疫小鼠产生特异性的IgG抗体 ;膜型及分泌型免疫小鼠的特异IgG抗体出现的时间早于细胞内型免疫鼠 ,但 4wk后 3组间差异无显著性。     

弓形虫新基因表位疫苗免疫效果的观察

目的观察弓形虫新基因WX、WX2的表位疫苗对小鼠的保护作用。方法将昆明小鼠分成5组,分别用pcDNA3-W2b、pcDNA3-W4a、pcDNA3-W2b4a质粒及pcDNA3和NS,肌注3次,每次间隔2周。免疫完成后ELISA法检测血清抗体水平,取脾细胞用流式细胞仪检测CD4 与CD8 淋巴细胞比值,PCR检测肌肉组织中重组质粒。免疫后第3周,小鼠经腹腔注射弓形虫速殖子500个,观察发病情况和存活时间。30d后仍存活的小鼠,取组织匀浆后进行小鼠盲传。结果免疫后第3周,pcDNA3-W2b组小鼠血清抗体水平显著高于pcDNA3和NS对照组(P<0.05);用PCR法从pcDNA3-W2b、pcDNA3-W4a和pcDNA3-W2b4a质粒组小鼠肌肉组织中成功检测到各表位疫苗质粒,且各组小鼠脾脏CD4 与CD8 T淋巴细胞比值显著低于pcDNA3组和NS组(P<0.05)。pcDNA3-W2b、pcDNA3-W2b4a组小鼠存活时间与pcDNA3组及NS组比较明显延长(P<0.05)。结论弓形虫新基因WX、WX2表位疫苗能够诱导小鼠产生抗弓形虫感染保护性免疫,提示DNA类表位疫苗的研制可作为弓形虫疫苗研究的策略之一。     

SAG1-MIC8复合DNA基因疫苗免疫小鼠诱导抗弓形虫感染的保护性研究(英文)

目的观察弓形虫SAG1-MIC8复合DNA基因疫苗对C57BL/6J小鼠的免疫保护作用。方法构建重组质粒pcDNA3.1-SAG1、pcDNA3.1-MIC8和pcDNA3.1-SAG1-MIC8,并分别转染Hela细胞体外表达蛋白,蛋白质印迹(Westernblotting)分析鉴定。将70只小鼠随机均分为5组,分别为PBS组、空质粒组、pcDNA3.1-SAG1组、pcDNA3.1-MIC8组和pcDNA3.1-SAG1-MIC8组,每2周肌注免疫(100μg/只)1次,共3次,于免疫前和初次免疫后13、27、41和55d采血分离血清。初次免疫后56d,每组小鼠中7只剖杀后分离脾细胞,另7只经腹膜感染弓形虫RH株速殖子(1×104/只),观察各组生存时间。ELISA法分别检测各组小鼠血清IgG、IgG1、IgG2b和IgG2c水平,以及干扰素γ(IFN-γ)和白介素4(IL-4)水平。放射法检测T淋巴细胞增殖情况。结果Westernblotting分析结果显示,重组质粒pcDNA3.1-SAG1、pcDNA3.1-MIC8和pcDNA3.1-SAG1-MIC8均能在Hela细胞表达,蛋白相对分子质量(Mr)分别为34000、74000和109000。pcDNA3.1-SAG1-MIC8组初次免疫后41d和55d血清中IgG,末次血清中IgG2b、IgG2c和IFN-γ,以及T淋巴细胞增殖能力均显著高于其他各组(均P0.05)。各组的末次血清中IgG1和IL-4水平差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。5组小鼠感染弓形虫速殖子后生存时间中位数分别为3、4、7、7和10d,各组间差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论弓形虫SAG1-MIC8复合DNA抗原较SAG1和MIC8单基因抗原有更好的免疫保护性。     

弓形虫ROP2-P30重组真核表达质粒的构建及其免疫效应的初步分析

目的构建弓形虫棒状体蛋白2（ROP2）和膜表面蛋白1（P30）融合的重组真核表达质粒,观察融合抗原ROP2-P30以DNA免疫方式在体内的免疫学效应。方法以重组质粒pET28b/ROP2-P30为模板,利用分子克隆技术构建重组真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1/ROP2-P30,经PCR和酶切鉴定正确后,体外转染COS-7细胞,Westernblot检测ROP2-P30表达。重组质粒pcDNA3.1/ROP2-P30以每鼠100μg混合透明质酸酶10U的剂量肌肉注射免疫BALB/c雌性小鼠,以弓形虫虫体裂解抗原作包被抗原,ELISA法测定免疫小鼠血清IgG抗体,免疫结束2周后,以约100个弓形虫速殖子攻击感染小鼠,观察小鼠生存状况。结果PCR和酶切鉴定表明重组质粒pcDNA3.1/ROP2-P30构建正确;Westernblot显示该重组质粒在COS-7细胞中瞬时表达的产物可被重组ROP2-P30免疫兔血清识别;ELISA检测重组质粒免疫小鼠血清特异性IgG抗体水平升高;重组质粒免疫小鼠感染弓形虫后的存活时间较对照组有所延长。结论重组真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1/ROP2-P30构建成功,用该重组质粒DNA直接免疫小鼠,能够诱导产生特异的体液免疫反应,具有一定的免疫保护性;该重组质粒表达的融合抗原分子ROP2-P30具有免疫原性,可作为疫苗候选抗原深入研究。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.