冠心病患者血液流变性研究

目的用血液流变学探讨冠心病发病机制。方法分析了68例冠心病患者血液流变学伞血高切粘度,全血低切粘度,血浆粘度,红细胞压积,全血高切还原粘度,全血低切还原粘度,红细胞变形指数,红细胞聚集指数及体外血栓形成指标变化;与68例健康人比较。结果冠心病患者血液流变学全血高切粘度,全血低切粘度,血浆粘度,红细胞压积,全血高切还原粘度,全血低切还原粘度,红细胞变形指数,红细胞聚集指数均高于正常人。体外血栓形成指标:血栓长度、血栓湿重、血栓干重也明显大于健康人。结论血液粘度增高是冠心病的诱因,也是其结果;调整冠心病患者血液流变学指标,有益于冠心病患者治疗;健康人定期检测血液流变学指标,有利于预防冠心病的发生。     

妊娠高血压综合征的血液流变学观察及机制探讨

作者对２０例妊娠高血压综合征患者血液流变学十四项指标进行了观察，发现全血高切粘度，高切还原粘度，全血低切粘度，低切还原粘度，血浆纤维蛋白原含量，红细胞聚集指数，红细胞刚性指数较正常人明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０１），提示妊娠高血压综合征红细胞变形能力下降，血液的凝固性增加，血细胞的聚集性增强，血液的粘滞性升高．并对其变化机理作了初步探讨。     

潜海渔民血液流变学指标的分析

目的探讨潜海渔民血液流变学指标的变化及其临床意义。方法测定70名健康男性及68例潜海渔民的全血高切粘度、全血中切粘度、全血低切粘度、血浆粘度、红细胞压积等指标并进行分析。结果与正常对照组比较,潜海渔民全血高切粘度、全血中切粘度、全血低切粘度、红细胞压积有统计学意义（P〈0．001）,血浆粘度无统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论潜海渔民血液具有较高粘滞性。     

50例2型糖尿病患者血液流变学检测分析

50例糖尿病患者组与对照组血液流变学主要参数相比较、全血粘度高、中、低切，血液屈服应力、卡森粘度等均显著增大（P〈0．01）；血浆粘度、红细胞聚积指数、红细胞电泳时间、全血高切还原粘度、全血中切还原粘度等差异均有显著性（P〈0．05）。     

黄芪注射液对冠心病患者血液流变学的影响

本文测定了黄芪注射液治疗４０例冠心病心绞痛一个疗程前后血液流变学指标．结果表明经此疗法后，患者的全血高切粘度及低切粘度、血浆比粘度及红细胞压积均较治疗前明显降低．血沉治疗前后无明显变化．为黄芪注射液治疗冠心病报供了依据．表明黄芪可改善冠心病患者的血液流变性．缓解高粘状态．     

高脂血症患者血液流变学变化的初步探讨

本文通过对３１９例高脂血症患者７项血液流变学指标测定，并与２０４例血脂正常者进行比较，结果表明，高脂血症患者全血低切粘度，全血高切粘度，红细胞压积，血浆粘度，血沉，纤维蛋白原，红细胞聚集指数７项血液流变学指标显著高于血脂正常者（Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１），提示高脂血症患者的血液粘滞度明显高于血脂正常者．     

自血光量子疗法对血液流变学指标的影响

３３例心脑血管病患者经自血光量子治疗一个疗程，观察治疗前后血液流变学指标的变化，发现治疗后全血高切粘度、全血低切粘度、血浆比粘灰、红细胞压积、红细胞聚集指数、血沉、纤维蛋白原和红细胞电泳时间 ８项指标均有下降，与治疗前相比有显著性差异，提示自血光量子治疗可有效地降低血液粘度，临床上可应用于伴随血液粘度增高的疾病。     

突发性耳聋患者血液变指标变化分析

本文对２２例突发性耳聋患者和３１例正常人进行了血液流变学１５项指标检测，对照研究发现，突发性耳聋患者高切、中切、低切全血粘度、血浆粘度、低切还原粘度及红细胞则性指数明显增高（Ｐ〈０．０５，Ｐ〈０．０１），其它指标均无明显改变（Ｐ〉０．０５）。提示突发性耳聋患者作知液流变学检查对推测病因、指导治疗、选择药物具有实际意义。     

脂肪肝病人血液流变学的临床观察

目的对临床确诊的脂肪肝病人,同时伴有甘油三酯增高者,比较其血液流变学各参数的变化,以探讨对临床脂肪肝诊断的实用价值.方法分别测定86例患者的全血粘度、血浆粘度、甘油三酯等9项血液流变学指标.结果 86例脂肪肝病人全血粘度(高切、低切)、红细胞电泳时间及甘油三酯同时增高者61例,占70.9%.全血粘度(高切、中切、低切)、血浆粘度、全血还原粘度、红细胞聚集指数、红细胞电泳时间、甘油三酯同时增高者19例,占22.1%.单纯全血粘度低切增高者6例,占7%.结论脂肪肝病人血液流变学各参数的影响主要是全血粘度及红细胞电泳时间有明显的改变,甘油三酯的增高对血浆粘度及全血还原粘度影响不太明显.可作为临床对脂肪肝病人辅助诊断检查的一项重要参考指标.     

早期2型糖尿病伴急性脑梗死的血液流变学特性变化

目的探讨早期2型糖尿病（2．DM）伴急性脑梗死（ACI）患者血液流变学特性变化。方法将30例新近确诊的成人2-DM伴急性ACI患者作为实验组,22例无DM的ACI患者作为对照组,对照观察两组的血液流变性差异。结果30例新近确诊的成人2-DM伴AC!患者的全血低切粘度、低切还原粘度：低切相对粘度、红细胞聚集指数显著高于对照组（p〈0．05）。结论成人早期2-DM发生ACI时,血液流变性变化是以红细胞聚集性增强导致全血低切粘度显著增高为主,而由红细胞刚性增强所致的全血高切粘度（包括其相对粘度和还原粘度）虽有所增高,但未获组间显著差异。血浆粘度和红细胞压积则不增高。     

环胞霉素A、亲合素和钙调磷酸酶复合物的结构特性与免疫抑制及其毒理作用机理

钙调磷酸酶（calcineurin，CN）是亲免素（immunophilin）-免疫抑制药物（immunosuppressant）复合物-环胞霉素A（cyclosporin A，CsA）、环胞霉素A亲合素（cyclophilin，CyP）和FK506结合蛋白（FK506-bindingprotein，FK BP-506）、FK506的共同靶目标。这些药物蛋白的复合物都能特异地抑制CN的生物活性，但是两种结构完全不同的亲免素-免疫抑制药物复合物为何能够作用同一靶目标目前仍不清楚。     

TOXINS AND ANTITOXINS--SNAKE VENOMS AND ANTIVENINS

A specific antivenin against crotalus venom can be prepared bv the immunization of goats. A specific antivenin against water moccasin venom can be produced by the immunization of goats with this venom, modified by hydrochloric acid. Immunization with the unmodified venom is very difficult. The toxicity of crotalus venom is diminished more than fifty percent. by passage through a Chamberland filter. There is a simple relation between the toxicity and the body weight for guinea-pigs weighing from 250 to 500 grams. Smaller guinea-pigs (125 grams) are comparatively less resistant. The toxicity is smaller by subcutaneous than by intraperitoneal injection (guinea-pigs), or by intravenous injection (rabbits). White rats are very resistant. The toxicity of cobra venom is not measurably diminished by filtration through a Chamberland filter. The relation between the amount of venom and the corresponding time of death is very regular, and can be expressed by a curve of asymptotic nature. Lecithin does not increase the toxicity. The tracings representing toxin-antitoxin neutralization for the three venoms (crotalus, cobra and moccasin) show deviation from the straight line. This deviation is most pronounced for the toxic quota of the venoms. The tracing representing crotalus venomantivenin neutralization, determined on guinea-pigs, can, within errors of experiment, be expressed by the equation: Free toxin · Free antitoxin = K · toxin-antitoxin. The corresponding tracing determined on rabbits is somewhat different, but both tracings are much more markedly curved than that for cobra venom-antivenin. The neutralization tracing of water moccasin venom shows the peculiarity, that small amounts of antivenin decrease the toxicity to a minimum, but the toxicity is again increased by further addition of antitoxin. The tracing representing neutralization of the haemolysins of the three venoms are different from the tracings of neutralization of the toxins, and approach very closely to a straight line. Still, in all instances, the determinations with great concentrations of antilysin show pronounced deviation, perhaps due to some dissociation of the toxin-antitoxin combination.     

HEPATITIS AND HIV: INTERRELATIONSHIP AND INTERACTIONS

SUMMARY Hepatitis in the context of HIV infection is commonplace, but the causative agent is not always readily identifiable. This review highlights the differential diagnosis of hepatitis in that context, examining the interrelationships and interactions between the four main hepatitis viruses and HIV.     

LEUCOPROTEASE AND ANTI-LEUCOPROTEASE OF MAMMALS AND OF BIRDS

The inhibiting action of the blood serum upon the enzyme of the polynuclear leucocytes, leucoprotease, is exerted by the albumin fraction of the serum. The albumin fraction contains no proteolytic enzymes. The globulin fraction of the serum contains no anti-enzyme for leucoprotease; it contains, on the contrary, an enzyme which digests proteids in a neutral or alkaline medium. This enzyme resembles leucoprotease which is present in the polynuclear leucocytes of an inflammatory exudate and in the bone marrow from which these cells are derived, and is doubtless identical with the similar enzyme occurring in smaller quantity in the spleen. This enzyme which is present in the blood serum is held in check by its anti-enzyme, but the latter is in such excess that the serum as a whole is capable of checking the action of leucoprotease when added in considerable quantity. Leucoprotease of one mammalian species is inhibited by sera of other mammalian species, but the anti-enzymotic activity of various sera differs; the anti-enzyme of the rabbit''s serum is stronger than that of dog''s serum, when tested either with dog''s or with rabbit''s leucoprotease. The co-existence in the rabbit of leucoprotease with feeble strength and anti-body of great activity may explain the absence in these animals of typical suppuration with liquefaction of tissues. The serum of birds which have been tested, namely, pigeon and hen, almost completely fails to inhibit mammalian leucoprotease (of dog). The polynuclear leucocytes, the bone marrow and the spleen of the hen do not contain an enzyme resembling leucoprotease of mammals. The absence of anti-enzyme in the serum is associated with absence of a corresponding enzyme in the leucocytes.     

HYPERVENTILATION AND DIZZINESS: CASE REPORTS AND MANAGEMENT

SUMMARY Dizziness is a common symptom in patients presenting to an otorhinolaryngologist. Hyperventilation accounts for up to 5% of cases with dizziness and is a contributory factor in a further 20% of cases. Six cases of dizziness due to hyperventilation are presented to illustrate the authors' simple management policy. A high index of suspicion in the absence of an organic cause of dizziness and a simple provocation test will identify these cases. Management is aimed at demonstrating resting hypocapnia, investigations to exclude organic causes of hyperventilation and rehabilitation in collaboration with a clinical psychologist ensures the appropriate treatment for the dizziness and can avoid the development of chronic somatisation behaviours.     

CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY AGAINST BESNOITIA AND TOXOPLASMA IN SPECIFICALLY AND CROSS-IMMUNIZED HAMSTERS AND IN CULTURES

The capacity of hamster peritoneal cell populations to control viability and growth of Besnoitia and Toxoplasma organisms was assessed in vivo and in vitro. Immunized hamsters reduced the homologous organisms 100- to 10,000-fold over a 5-day period, but the heterologous infection increased 100- to 1,000-fold in numbers, similar as in the nonimmune controls. Passively administered antibody was ineffective although lytic cofactors were supplied by hamsters. In cultures, peritoneal cells from Besnoitia-immune hamsters delayed the growth of homologous parasites to an average of 38.5 h per division; however, in Toxoplasma-immune and nonimmune cells, Besnoitia divided every 12.8 h. Specificity of immunity was pronounced against both infections. With cross-infections, Toxoplasma-immune cultures did not effectively delay Besnoitia growth; however, Besnoitia-immune cultures reduced Toxoplasma growth by one-half. Co-cultivation experiments demonstrated that specifically committed lymphocytes could instruct macrophages to reduce the homologous organism 10-fold, whereas heterologous organisms were reduced only 2-fold. Lymphocyte supernatants initiated hypersensitivity as indicated by macrophage activation and giant cell formation in culture. However, these supernatants did not transfer infection immunity. Lymphokines could account for the hypersensitivity phenomena, but cell-mediated infection immunity in this model required close lymphocyte-macrophage proximity. These studies indicate that a number of distinct processes including delayed hypersensitivity, macrophage activation, and specific cellular immunity are acting simultaneously during latent Besnoitia infection of hamsters. All three processes are mediated by lymphoid cells and appear to be specifically induced. Although activated macrophages develop some heightened nonspecific capabilities, these were several orders of magnitude below the specific effects.     

宫颈及盆腔解脲支原体、沙眼衣原体感染与输卵管性不孕

目的　探讨女性宫颈及盆腔解脲支原体 (UU)和沙眼衣原体 (CT)感染与输卵管性不孕的关系及其感染特点。方法　应用聚合酶链反应 (PCR)法对接受腹腔镜检查的 36例输卵管性不孕患者 (不孕组 )和 2 3例正常生育患者 (对照组 )进行宫颈分泌物和盆腔液体UU、CT检测 ;应用腹腔镜了解输卵管粘连及阻塞程度。结果　两组宫颈分泌物UU阳性率分别为 30 .6 %、8.7% ,两者相比有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;宫颈分泌物CT阳性率两者比较无显著性差异 ;两组盆腔液体UU、CT阳性率相比较无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;不孕组UU阳性患者输卵管周围轻度以下粘连占 5 0 % ,但输卵管阻塞率为 87.5 % ,同组UU阴性患者输卵管周围中、重度粘连占 79.2 % ,输卵管阻塞率为 6 4 .6 % ,两组粘连程度及阻塞率相比均有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　女性生殖道UU感染与输卵管性不孕相关 ;UU、CT感染症状隐匿 ,但输卵管腔损害明显