腭隐裂患者头颅侧位X线片测量分析

目的　应用回顾性研究的方法对 50例腭隐裂患者X线片测量并与健康对照组对比分析 ,观察软腭在形态学、运动能力以及腭帆提肌附着位置等方面的特点 ,进一步研究腭隐裂患者腭咽闭合不全的原因 ,为其诊断提供依据。方法　腭隐裂患者 50例 (年龄 4～ 51岁 ,平均年龄 1 1 9岁 ,男性 2 0例 ,女性 30例 ,男∶女 =1∶1 5)。对术前头颅侧位定位X线片共 1 0 0张 (每例静止及发“i”音各 1张 )进行测量分析。结果　腭隐裂组的软腭相对长度较对照组短 ,患者的腭帆提肌附着点相对位置比对照组靠前 ,发音时软腭抬高角度较小 ,以上 3项指标经统计学分析 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5)。两组间硬腭相对长度和发音时软腭伸长量的比较差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5)。结论　通过测量所得指标(包括软腭相对长度、腭帆提肌附着位置及发音时软腭抬高角度 )是诊断腭隐裂的重要指标     

X线全颌曲面断层片与X线头颅侧位片相关性的研究

目的：研究X线全颌曲面断层片与头颅侧位片上对应的垂直向角度及线距是否具有相关性。方法：随机选取49名患者同期拍摄的X线全颌曲面断层片与头颅侧位片，测量每位患者两张X线片上对应的垂直向角度及线距，对测量结果进行统计分析。结果：X线全颌曲面断层片与头颅侧位片上的FH-MP角(下颌平面角)Go-FH距对Me-FH距比值呈高度线性相关；FH-PP角、FH-OP角(He平面角)呈弱相关，X线全颌曲面断层片上Go-FH对Me-FH距的比值与头颅侧位片上的Co-S距对Me-N距的比值(前后面高比)呈高度线性相关。结论：可通过X线全颌曲面断层片对垂直骨面型进行诊断。     

无牙颌不同颌位颏前点变化规律的头颅侧位片定位研究

目的：探讨无牙颌不同颌位时颌前点的变化规律，为无牙颌修复时He位的确定提供根据。方法：选取临床上22例无牙颌He重建的患，在五组颌位上拍摄头颅侧位片，分别测量颏前点到圆点的距离和SNPg角的数值及在正中关系位时SN—GoGn角的数值。结果：各组颏前点到圆点的距离无显差异。无牙颌建He位与正常He人He位无显差异，从无牙颌位至最大张口位下颌突度的变化差异显。结论：下颌颏部从无牙颌位到最大张口位有其自身的运动规律，颏前点的运动轨迹为围绕某一点旋转的弧形。无牙颌He重建时协调的长正中关系位就位于此弧线上。从无牙颌位到最大张口位，下颌颏部突度的变化成不连续性减小。从无牙颌位到正中关系位下颌突度减小；从3／4张口位到最大张口位下颌突度无变化。     

颈椎骨龄方程年龄组段报告(附191例头颅定位侧位X线片的研究)

颈椎骨龄作为一个新的评价青少年生长发育的指标,因其只需在一张头颅定位侧位X片上测得,因此更适合应用于口腔颌面部畸形的诊断和治疗.     

基于腭部骨质厚度测量的CBCT与头颅侧位片的对比研究

目的：研究头颅侧位片与CBCT测量腭部骨质厚度的差别。材料与方法：收集30名患者的CBCT数据及头颅侧位片影像,应用CBCT及头颅侧位片,测量矢状向上从第一二前磨牙之间到第一第二磨牙之间不同间隔区域处的腭部骨质厚度,应用CBCT在冠状向上测量距腭中缝1.5 mm到距腭中缝10 mm之间不同间隔区域处的腭部骨质厚度,重复测量以探究不同测量方法之间的差异。结果：应用CBCT测量距腭中缝5 mm处的腭部骨质最薄;在矢状向上所有区域的测量值中,测量距腭中缝5 mm处的腭部骨质厚度,应用CBCT及头颅侧位片两者的结果无统计学差异;在第二前磨牙与第一磨牙之间（P2M1）到第一磨牙与第二磨牙之间（M1M2）的不同间隔区域处的测量值中,测量距腭中缝1.5 mm的腭部骨质厚度,应用CBCT所得的测量值大于头颅侧位片的测量值。结论：在所有测量的区域中,距腭中缝5 mm处的骨质最适宜用于描述腭骨轮廓。     

头颅侧位片最佳扫描分辨率的研究

目的 寻找头颅侧位片的最佳扫描分辨率。方法 随机选择20张头颅侧位片，每张胶片分别以5种不同的分辨率(72dpi，100dpi，150dpi，200dpi，300dpi)扫描输入计算机。使用头影测量软件测量每张X线片，并比较不同分辨率对测量结果的影响。结果 5种不同扫描分辨率所得的头影测量结果间差异无显著性。结论 头颅侧位片扫描时的最佳分辨率为72dpi。     

间接与直接数字式头颅侧位片影像质量的对比性研究

目的：对间接与直接方式数字式Ｘ线影像质量及图像处理前后,数字式Ｘ线影像质量进行对比性研究。方法：以主观评价指标为手段,采用盲法设计对间接与直接方式获得的２８组数字式Ｘ线影像的质量进行了对比。结果：获得了各种测试指标的主观评分及排序。结论：同间接方式获得的数字式Ｘ线影像清晰度的评分要高于直接方式获得的数字式Ｘ线影像,图像处理技术在提高间接数字式Ｘ线影像质量上有一定的作用。     

锥形束CT转化头颅侧位片与传统头颅侧位片测量一致性研究

目的：评价锥形束计算机断层扫描( cone-beam computed tomography, CBCT)转化的头颅侧位片与传统头颅侧位片测量结果的一致性。方法对31位正畸治疗后患者进行CBCT扫描,同时拍摄传统头颅侧位片作为对照。利用Dolphing Imaging 11．5 Premium 软件按照统一条件将CBCT转化为头颅侧位片。选择29个标志点,由同一位测量者在两种头颅侧位片分别测量每位病人的29个参数值,间隔1周后再随机抽取10名病人重复测量上述29个参数。采用组内相关系数( ICC)评价操作者的测量信度,并采用配对t检验分析两种头颅侧位片测量结果的一致性。结果82．8%(24/29)的转化头颅侧位片测量项目ICC>0．9,79．3%(23/29)的传统头颅侧位片测量项目ICC>0．9,两种头颅侧位片的ICC无统计学差异(t=0．762,P=0．449)。骨性标志中ANS-Me、S-Go和N-Me的传统头颅侧位片测量值明显高于转化头颅侧位片的测量值;牙性标志中L1-NB和L1-NB的传统头颅侧位片测量值也明显高于转化头颅侧位片测量值;而软组织标志中,软组织面凸角值的转化头颅侧位片测量值明显高于传统头颅侧位片测量值。统计学分析结果提示上述差异均具有显著性意义。结论转化头颅侧位片和传统头颅侧位片两种头影测量方法均具有较高的组内相关系数,但是两种方法在某些标志点上的测量值之间存在差异,在利用头影测量结果进行口腔正畸疗效评价时需要慎重。     

长焦距髁突经咽侧位定位摄影架的研究

目的：髁突经咽侧位X线片可以清楚显示髁突骨质的微细结构,以往本片位的摄影方法X线源与患者皮肤的踊跃过近,皮肤辐射计量较大,本文研究出长焦距髁突经咽侧位的摄影方法,在X线源距皮肤20cm以上前提下,所拍摄影像可满足诊断要求,并有较好的可重复性,方法：在对100例成年患者定位头颅正侧位片测量分析基础上计算出适合大多数患者的最佳入射角,向头侧倾斜5度和向枕侧倾斜5度,依此制作长焦距定位摄影架,并进行20例（40侧）临床病例的照片图像显示效果评定和重复性检验,将这组病例的结果与20例（40例）短焦距摄影方法的病例进行比较,结果．;长焦距髁突经咽侧位片摄影效果与短焦距摄影片效果比较,甲级扯率从65％提高到72．5％。重量性比较结果与短焦距摄影方法基本相同,结论：将传统髁突经咽侧位改为长焦距摄影,可降低X射线对患者的照射剂量,使其达到国际放射卫生防护标准,由于使用了定位摄影架,本方法可使摄影技术难度下降,易于被初学者掌握。     

腭骨厚度CBCT与头颅定位测量值的相关性研究

目的: 研究腭骨厚度CBCT与头颅定位测量值之间的关系。方法: 拍摄31位错牙合畸形初诊患者的CBCT和头颅定位侧位片,腭骨厚度测量方法: 前后向从双侧上颌第一、第二前磨牙接触点(P1P2)到双侧上颌第一、第二磨牙接触点(M1M2),CBCT测量值取偏心距1.5~10 mm。所得数据采用SPSS19.0统计软件分析。结果: P1P2和P2测量平面上,CBCT在1.5 mm和5 mm偏心距时的腭骨厚度测量值小于头颅定位测量值(P<0.05);偏心距为10 mm时所有测量平面的CBCT测量值与头颅定位测量值比较无统计学意义。各个偏心距上CBCT测量值及头颅定位测量值均从P1P2点向M1M2点递减。结论: 10 mm偏心距时CBCT测量值与头颅定位测量值最为接近。P1P2测量平面上偏心距为5 mm和7.5 mm区域相对安全,可以考虑植入微种植体支抗。     

CT和鼻咽纤维镜对正常发音者腭咽闭合功能检测的比较

目的　比较 CT和鼻咽纤维镜两种方法对正常发音者腭咽闭合功能的检测。方法　应用 CT和鼻咽纤维镜分别对 10例正常发音者的腭咽闭合类型和腭咽闭合不全比率进行检测并比较。结果　用这两种方法检测所观察到的腭咽闭合类型分布完全一致 ;对用这两种方法分别测得的腭咽闭合不全比率进行配对比较 t检验 ,结果 P>0 .0 5。结论　说明应用 CT和鼻咽纤维镜这两种方法对腭咽闭合功能检测的结果是一致的     

Cephalometric errors: A comparison between repeat measurements and retaken radiographs

This study compares landmark location errors in cephalometric radiography (when re-measuring radiographs) and radiographic errors (when retaking the radiograph). The samples comprised 32 remeasured and re-digitized radiographs and a further series of 22 retaken radiographs drawn from the same overall sample of 12-year-old Chinese children in Hong Kong. All radiographs were recorded in natural head posture with the lips in light contact. The relative size of the errors were assessed by calculating the 'error percentage' for both selected dento-skeletal and soft tissue profile measures. It is suggested that this index is clinically more meaningful than the usually used 'method error'. It expresses the variance of the method error (me2) as a percentage of the variance of the measurement under study (standard deviation2). This error percentage was found to be doubled, on average, for measurements on the retaken radiographs. In general, measures with most landmarks in the mid-sagittal plane showed the least increase in percentage error. The results suggest that errors arising from retaking cephalometric radiographs may effectively be greater than those usually reported. The Frankfort plane, the functional occlusal plane and the incisor long axes displayed poor reproducibility. For the soft tissues the lips served as poor angular landmarks and relatively acute angles with short 'arms' also displayed large errors.     

唇腭裂继发上颌骨发育不足牵引成骨后腭咽部功能变化

目的　通过颅外支架式上颌骨牵引成骨术 (RigidExternalDistraction ,RED)前后唇腭裂患者静止位和[i]发音位头颅定位侧位片腭咽部结构变化 ,拟评价上颌骨牵引成骨术对唇腭裂患者腭咽部结构功能的影响及其相关因素。方法　 1999～ 2 0 0 1年行颅外支架式上颌骨牵引成骨术的唇腭裂术后上颌发育不足患者 2 1名 ,平均年龄15 .0 5岁。所有患者RED术前后拍摄静止位及 [i]位头颅定位片 ,然后对腭咽部结构功能指标测量分析。结果　(1)RED术后PNS A、PNS PPW、NR、ASPHP、RVCR、EASP和MSP具有显著性变化 ;(2 )RVCR的变化与上颌骨前移幅度、PNS PPW增加幅度和NR增大程度呈正相关。上颌前移幅度还与软硬腭夹角增加呈正相关。结论　 (1)上颌骨牵引成骨术后腭咽腔深度增加 ,对唇腭裂患者腭咽闭合功能仍有一定负面影响 ,但同时腭咽部软组织有代偿性改变 ;(2 )上颌骨前移幅度与RED术后腭咽闭合功能变化有关 ;(3)咽后壁瓣的存在对防止和减少RED术后腭咽闭合功能不全产生有积极作用。     

110例上海地区正常合汉族成人软组织侧貌的X线头影测量分析研究

本文对上海地区正常胎成人作了软组织侧貌的头影测量分析，认为侧貌形态的数值化测量，较目测或照片提供了更为可靠的疗效评价依据，其测量指标，对正颌外科手术设计，有重要的参考价值，甚至具有决定作用。     

The evaluation of the relationship between cervical vertebral anomalies with skeletal malocclusion types and upper airway dimensions

ABSTRACT

Objectives: To compare the prevalence of cervical vertebral anomalies (CVAs) in different skeletal malocclusions and to evaluate the relationship between upper airway dimension and vertebral anomalies.

Methods: A retrospective study was performed on lateral cephalometric radiographs of 2062 patients aged 7–49 years. Skeletal malocclusion type, presence of CVAs, and upper airway area of 1856 patients who met the inclusion criteria of the study were recorded. The obtained data were transferred to the SPSS program for statistical analysis.

Results: The mean age of the patients was 13.8 ± 3.7 years. The prevalence of CVAs was 45.7%. There was no significant difference in prevalence between skeletal malocclusions (p = 0.89). According to airway measurements, no significant difference was found between patients with and without CVAs (p = 0.718).

Conclusion: The present results suggest that there is no direct effect of skeletal malocclusion type and upper airway dimension in the etiology of CVAs.     

北京地区九十年代成人正常侧貌软组织X线头影测量标准值的研究

目的:北京地区90年代成人正常侧貌软组织正常值范围的制订.方法:选择60例北京地区成人正常X光头侧片,应用高清晰度扫描仪及先进的"头影测量大师”软件进行资料的处理分析.结果:1北京地区90年代成人正常侧貌软组织X线头影测量标准值范围.2北京地区90年代成人正常侧貌软组织特征.结论:软组织的侧貌形态在不同性别、年代及种族间均表现出不同程度的差异.     

DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF OPTICAL DENSITY OF PORCELAINS USED FOR FABRICATION OF INLAY/ONLAY PROSTHESIS

The purpose of this article was to compare the mean value of optical density of four porcelains commonly used for fabrication of inlay/onlay prostheses using direct digital radiograph. The sample consisted of 20 2-mm thick porcelain specimens (measured by digital pachymeter): Empress (Ivoclair), Simbios (Degussa), Vita Omega 900 and Vitadur Alpha (Vita Zahnfabrik). The values of optical density of the specimens were expressed in millimeters aluminum equivalent (mm eq Al). The samples were X-rayed using two charge coupled devices (CCD) - RVG (Trophy) - Visualix (Gendex) and a phosphor plate system – Digora (Soredex). The optical density reading was performed with Image Tool 1.28 in a total of 110 measurements. Statistical analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in all materials studied (p < 0.05) regardless of the radiographic system used. The highest optical density value was found for Omega 900 (1.8988 mmeqAl – Visualix – Gendex) and the lowest for Vitadur Alpha (0.8647 – Visualix – Gendex). Thus, the material presenting the highest degree of optical density was Omega 900, Empress and Simbios presented intermediate optical density values, Vitadur Alpha presented the lowest value, and the optical density of porcelains was not influenced by the digital radiography systems.     

PARAMETERS IN PANORAMIC RADIOGRAPHY FOR DIFFERENTIATION OF RADIOLUCENT LESIONS

Objective:

The aims of this study were to establish parameters in panoramic radiography for interpretation of unilocular radiolucent lesions, and to compare the accuracy of diagnoses given by examiners before and after using these parameters.

Material and Methods:

In Part I, 12 specialists analyzed 24 images and the diagnostic criteria used by each examiner to make correct diagnoses were used to build a list of basic radiographic parameters for each pathology (ameloblastoma, keratocystic odontogenic tumor, dentigerous cyst, and idiopathic bone cavity). In Part II, this list was used by 6 undergraduate students (Un), 8 recently graduated dentists (D), 3 oral pathologists, 3 stomatologists, 3 oral radiologists, and 3 oral surgeons to diagnose the corresponding pathologies in the other set of 24 panoramic radiographs (T2). The same analysis occurred without using this list (T1). The method of generalized estimating equations (GEE) was used in order to estimate the probability of making a correct diagnosis depending on the specialty of the examiner, type of lesion, and moment of the evaluation, T1 or T2 (before or after they had access to the list of parameters, respectively).

Results:

Higher values were obtained for the probability (GEE) of making a correct diagnosis on T2; the group Un presented the highest improvement (14.6 %); no differences between the probabilities were observed either between Un and D, or among the different groups of specialists.

Conclusions:

The use of panoramic radiographic parameters did allow improving the diagnostic accuracy for all groups of examiners.     

CSL在异常语音分析中的临床应用与评价

目的　为探索客观有效的异常语音评价方法 ,应用计算机语音分析系统 ( CSL )分析各种类型患者的异常语音。方法　 8例筛选患者 ,咽喉摩擦音、先天性腭咽闭合功能不全、腭化构音和正常构音各 2例 ,其中男性 4例 ,女性 4例 ,平均年龄 18岁。被检敏感音为 /z/、/c/、/s/,直接输入计算机语音工作站 ,存盘后对音声图像进行定量分析和比较。结果　各种类型语音的音声图像各有其特征 ,其频谱、辅音起声时间和共振峰各不相同。结论　 CSL综合了语图仪和计算机技术 ,可图像化和定量分析声音 ,在目前是一种较好的研究手段