封闭负压引流技术对人慢性创面中透明质酸含量的影响

目的研究人慢性创面在经封闭负压引流治疗前后,创面渗出液中透明质酸含量的变化,部分阐明封闭负压引流促进慢性创面愈合的机理.方法取8例乳癌术后第1、2、3、4天急性创面的引流液,同时收集11例慢性创面(5例压力性溃疡,6例静脉性溃疡)于封闭负压引流治疗前以及治疗后第1、3、5、7、9天的渗出液,利用放射免疫测定的方法分别测定其中透明质酸的含量,并进行动态的观察与比较.结果急性创面引流液中随时间延长透明质酸含量逐渐增高,各时间点的差异有显著意义(P＜0.05).压力性溃疡中,封闭负压引流治疗前渗出液中透明质酸含量较低,引流后随治疗时间的延长透明质酸水平升高(第1、3、5、7天差异有显著意义P＜0.05),至第9天有下降趋势;而静脉性溃疡中,封闭负压引流治疗前透明质酸水平极高,治疗后透明质酸含量随时间延长呈现极明显的波动,但于第7天后呈下降趋势.结论封闭负压引流通过平衡透明质酸的代谢从而促进慢性创面的愈合,这可能是封闭负压引流促进慢性创面愈合的一个重要机制.     

封闭负压引流技术对人慢性创面中透明质酸含量的影响

目的研究人慢性创面在经封闭负压引流治疗前后,创面渗出液中透明质酸含量的变化,部分阐明封闭负压引流促进慢性创面愈合的机理。方法取8例乳癌术后第1、2、3、4天急性创面的引流液,同时收集11例慢性创面(5例压力性溃疡,6例静脉性溃疡)于封闭负压引流治疗前以及治疗后第1、3、5、7、9天的渗出液,利用放射免疫测定的方法分别测定其中透明质酸的含量,并进行动态的观察与比较。结果急性创面引流液中随时间延长透明质酸含量逐渐增高,各时间点的差异有显著意义(P<0.05)。压力性溃疡中,封闭负压引流治疗前渗出液中透明质酸含量较低,引流后随治疗时间的延长透明质酸水平升高(第1、3、5、7天差异有显著意义P<0.05),至第9天有下降趋势;而静脉性溃疡中,封闭负压引流治疗前透明质酸水平极高,治疗后透明质酸含量随时间延长呈现极明显的波动,但于第7天后呈下降趋势。结论封闭负压引流通过平衡透明质酸的代谢从而促进慢性创面的愈合,这可能是封闭负压引流促进慢性创面愈合的一个重要机制。     

封闭负压引流技术对人肉芽创面中MMP-1、MMP-2、MMP-13 mRNA表达的影响

目的　研究人慢性创面在经封闭负压引流 (Vacuum assistedclosure ,VAC)治疗前后 ,创面肉芽组织中基质金属蛋白酶MMP1、MMP2和MMP13mRNA的变化。方法　对 5例慢性创面患者给予VAC治疗 (- 12 0mmHg压力 ) ,分别于吸引前和吸引后 1、4、7d切取创面中央适当大小的肉芽组织 ,提取总RNA ,利用RT PCR方法测定MMP 1、MMP 2和MMP 13mRNA的表达情况 ,并对其定量结果进行统计学分析。结果　MMP 1、13mRNA在VAC治疗后表达下降 ,以MMP 13下降趋势尤为明显 (P <0 0 5 )。MMP 2mRNA表达呈现波动 ,但总体为下降趋势。结论　VAC通过抑制MMP 1、2、13的mRNA表达进而抑制MMP 1、2、13的蛋白合成 ,抑制胶原和明胶的降解 ,促进慢性创面的愈合。     

封闭负压引流技术对创面愈合过程中原癌基因表达的影响

目的 研究封闭负压引流技术(vacuum-assisted closure，VAC)对启动创面愈合过程和减少细胞凋亡的作用。方法 用免疫组化法检测猪急性皮肤缺损创面和人慢性创面原癌基因c-myc、c-jun和Bcl-2表达变化，计算阳性表达细胞数和标记指数，观察创面愈合过程。结果 ①VAC治疗组猪急性皮肤缺损创面清洁无明显渗出，第6天即有较多新生上皮和肉芽组织，25d完全愈合。对照组创面有较多渗出和血痂，第6天出现少量新生上皮和肉芽组织，30d愈合。伤后即刻c-myc、c-jun和Bcl-2表达量少，主要位于基底细胞的胞浆或胞核，伤后及VAC治疗后表达迅速显著增加，但表达至峰值后迅速下降。在伤后或VAC治疗后的12d内实验组表达始终高于对照组。②人慢性创面VAC治疗后分泌物明显减少，较快形成健康的肉芽组织。c-jun主要表达在表皮基底细胞、真皮成纤维细胞和炎性细胞的胞浆，VAC治疗后阳性细胞数和标记指数显著减少。c-myc和Bcl-2主要表达在基底细胞的胞浆，VAC治疗后表达量显著增多，标记指数显著增大。结论 VAC能快速启动猪急性皮肤创面和人慢性创面的愈合过程，减少修复细胞凋亡，使创面愈合加速。     

清创后负压辅助肢体创面闭合与常规治疗的比较

[目的]评价清创联合负压辅助创面闭合在治疗肢体创面的临床效果。[方法]回顾性分析2017年10月—2019年11月本院收治的骨科肢体创面64例患者的临床资料。依据术前医患沟通结果，32例采用清创联合负压辅助创面闭合治疗（VAC组），32例采用清创联合常规创面换药治疗（常规组）。比较两组围手术期、随访与检验结果。[结果]两组均顺利完成二期手术，术中无严重并发症。VAC组初次手术时间长于常规组，但差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,VAC组换药次数、渗出评级、肉芽评级、两次手术间隔时间、二次手术时间、创面愈合情况、住院时间等均显著优于常规组（P<0.05）。VAC组的完全负重活动时间显著早于常规组（P<0.05）。随时间推移，两组VAS评分、局部瘢痕情况、邻近关节功能均显著改善（P<0.05）。术后3个月VAC组上述指标显著优于常规组（P<0.05）。术后6、12个月两组上述指标的差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。实验室检查方面，随时间推移，两组WBC、NEU、CRP和ESR均显著下降（P<0.05）。二次术前VAC组上述指标均显著优于常规组（P&...     

创面愈合中巨噬细胞功能与异质性动态研究──“偎脓长肉”作用机制研究之二

本文以家兔制作感染创面动物模型。皮下埋入改良ｓｃｈｉｉｌｉｎｇ不锈钢管，获取创面渗出液，收集创面细胞。采用Ｗｒｉｇｈｔ－Ｇｉｅｍｓａ染色创面细胞，发现在创面愈合中外用中药组创面渗出液中巨噬细胞（Ｍφ）数量多，且游走型Ｍφ多于常驻型Ｍφ，与对照组比较呈显著性差异。组织化染色发现Ｍφ细胞内酸性磷酸酶（ＡＣＰ）和糖代谢的限速酶琥珀酸脱氢酶（ＳＤＨ），在创面愈合中与对照组均有极显著差异。提示外用中药可激活创面细胞提高细胞内酶活性，对促进创面愈合起重要作用。     

跟腱外露难愈创面的封闭式负压吸引治疗

目的:总结封闭式负压引流(vacuum-assisted closure,VAC)技术治疗跟腱外露创面的良好效果,为这类创面修复提供更好的治疗方法。方法:2007年1月~2014年3月,笔者应用VAC治疗18例跟腱外露患者,其中跟腱断裂术后9例,车祸伤4例,重物卡压伤2例,钢绳切割伤1例,Ⅲ度烧伤1例,Ⅲ度电击伤1例。围手术期准备后,尽快手术扩创,行创面VAC治疗。结果:所有创面经VAC治疗后,创面明显缩小,肉芽生长迅速,部分或全部覆盖外露肌腱,其中12例全部被肉芽组织覆盖,行薄中厚皮片移植修复,11例患者一期愈合。余仍有部分肌腱外露者,5例行邻近皮瓣修复,全部一期愈合;1例行人工真皮加自体刃厚皮片移植一次性修复,所有创面一期愈合率达94.4%。所有患者均随访6月~3年,无复发,局部无挛缩,功能恢复良好。结论:VAC治疗跟腱外露难愈创面,明显缩短疗程,有效防治肌腱坏死,减少手术创伤及治疗疼痛,提高愈合质量。     

类肝素对大鼠深Ⅱ度烫伤创面愈合的影响

目的探讨深Ⅱ度烧伤创面早期加深而延迟愈合的机理。方法采用大鼠深Ⅱ度烫伤模型，创面外用类肝素软膏，观察其对大鼠深Ⅱ度烫伤早期创面病理变化和创面愈合的影响，并测定了烧伤创面含水量，血浆和烧伤创面抗凝血酶Ⅲ（ＡＴ－Ⅲ）、纤维蛋白降解产物（ＦＤＰ）含量、烧伤创面羟脯氨酸含量、Ⅰ／Ⅲ型胶原比例、真皮细胞增殖周期及创面愈合时间。结果创面外用类肝素可以降低烧伤创面水肿程度，增加血浆ＡＴ－Ⅲ活性，增加烧伤创面中ＦＤＰ含量及羟脯氨酸含量，促使Ⅰ／Ⅲ型胶原比例降低，增加真皮细胞中ＤＮＡ合成，减轻烧伤创面早期加深，缩短大鼠深Ⅱ度烫伤创面愈合时间。结论类肝素具有促进大鼠深Ⅱ度烫伤创面愈合的作用。     

类肝素对大鼠深II度烫伤创面愈合的影响

目的 探讨深Ⅱ度烧伤创面早期加深而延迟愈合的机理。方法 采用大鼠深Ⅱ度烫伤模型，创面外用类肝素软膏，观察其对大鼠深Ⅱ度烫伤早期创面病理变化和创面愈合的影响，并测定了烧伤创面含水量，血浆和烧伤创面抗凝血酶Ⅲ（ＡＴ－Ⅲ）、纤维蛋白降解产物（ＦＤＰ）含量、烧伤创面羟脯氨酸含量、Ｉ／Ⅲ型胶原比例、真皮细胞增殖周期及创面愈合时间。结果 创面外用类肝素可以降低烧伤创面水肿程度，增加血浆ＡＴ－Ⅲ活性，增加烧伤创     

封闭负压引流技术在高位肛瘘治疗中的应用研究

目的 探讨封闭负压引流技术（VAC）应用于高位肛瘘治疗的临床疗效.方法 将93例高位肛瘘患者随机分为VAC组（48例,采用VAC技术）和对照组（45例,采用传统切开挂线术）.对两组患者术后疼痛程度、换药次数、创面愈合时间、肛门功能、治愈率等指标进行比较.结果 与对照组比较,VAC组术后疼痛减轻、换药次数减少、创面愈合时间加快（均P＜0.01）;两组患者在术后肛门功能和治愈率方面差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 VAC技术治疗高位肛瘘疗效显著,有临床推广价值.     

Effect of subatmospheric pressure on the acute healing wound

PURPOSE: Vacuum-assisted closure (VAC), originally developed as an adjunct to wound care, has gained popularity in managing complex, chronic wounds. This study was designed to compare VAC with traditional saline-wet-to-dry (WD) dressings on acute wound healing in a pig model. METHODS: Nine animals were divided into groups of 3. Three rows of 2, 4-cm diameter circular defects were excised on each animal. Vacuum-assisted closure therapy was applied to 2 adjacent wound beds, WD dressings were applied to 2 adjacent wound beds, and ventilated transparent dressing covered the 2 remaining wounds as controls. Random members from each group had their wounds harvested on postoperative days (POD) number 4, 7, and 9, respectively. The specimens were histopathologically evaluated and graded with regard to immature granulation tissue, mature granulation tissue, necropurulent surface crust, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and collagen deposition. RESULTS: The WD-treated wounds had less necropurulent material on the surface compared with the VAC and control groups (p < 0.05). Day 9 specimens demonstrated increased immature collagen in the VAC and WD groups compared with control. No other statistically significant variations existed between the treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: Under the conditions of this study, the histopathologic observations do not support more rapid wound healing for the acutely injured VAC-treated wound compared with the WD-treated wound in young healthy pigs.     

Prospective and randomised evaluation of the protease‐modulating effect of oxidised regenerated cellulose/collagen matrix treatment in pressure sore ulcers

In chronic wounds, excess levels and activity of proteases such as elastase and plasmin have been detected. Oxidised regenerated cellulose/collagen matrix (ORC/collagen matrix) has been reported to ameliorate the wound microenvironment by binding and inactivating excess proteases in wound exudates. In this study, the levels and activity of elastase and plasmin in wound exudates of pressure sore ulcers were measured to determine the beneficial effect of ORC/collagen matrix treatment compared with control treatment with a foam dressing. A total of 33 patients with pressure sores were enrolled in the study and were followed up for 12 weeks after treatment. Ten control patients were treated with a foam hydropolymer dressing (TIELLE^®, Systagenix), and the remaining 23 patients were treated with ORC/collagen matrix plus the foam dressing (TIELLE^®, Systagenix) on top. Wound assessments were carried out over 12 weeks on a weekly basis, with dressing changes twice a week. Ulcers were photographed and wound exudates were collected on admission and at days 5, 14 and then every 14 days to provide a visual record of any changes in appearance of the ulcer and healing rate and for biochemical analysis of the wound. The levels and activity of elastase and plasmin were measured in wound exudates. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and Bonferroni's post hoc test with P‐values <0·05 considered to be significant. Compared with controls, ORC/collagen matrix–treated pressure sore wounds showed a significant faster healing rate, which positively correlated with a decreased activity of elastase and plasmin in wound exudates. No signs of infection or intolerance to the ORC/collagen matrix were observed.     

Silver-impregnated vacuum-assisted closure in the treatment of recalcitrant venous stasis ulcers

Vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) has made a significant contribution to the treatment of acute and chronic wounds. Microdeformational forces from the VAC device accelerate granulation tissue formation when compared with moist saline dressing changes. We present 2 patients with multiple comorbid conditions and complex venous stasis ulcers that had persistent purulent drainage after conventional treatment modalities. Only after utilizing silver-impregnated VAC therapy (GranuFoam Silver), combining the antimicrobial benefits of silver with the advantages of VAC technology, were the wound beds adequately prepared for substantial split-thickness skin grafts. Based on these cases, the silver-impregnated VAC device may be a useful adjunct in wound bed preparation when standard therapies have failed to clear infected wounds. This may lead to improved healing rates and overall decreased wound burden in these complex patients.     

Negative pressure wound therapy via vacuum assisted closure following partial foot amputation: what is the role of wound chronicity?

Randomised clinical trials (RCTs) to evaluate diabetic foot wound therapies have systematically eliminated large acute wounds from evaluation, focusing only on smaller chronic wounds. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the proportion and rate of wound healing in acute and chronic wounds after partial foot amputation in individuals with diabetes treated with negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) delivered by the vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) device or with standard wound therapy (SWT). This study constitutes a secondary analysis of patients enrolled in a 16-week RCT of NPWT: 162 open foot amputation wounds (mean wound size = 20.7 cm(2)) were included. Acute wounds were defined as the wounds less than 30 days after amputation, whereas chronic wounds as the wounds greater than 30 days. Inclusion criteria consisted of individuals older than 18 years, presence of a diabetic foot amputation wound up to the transmetatarsal level and adequate perfusion. Wound size and healing were confirmed by independent, blinded wound evaluators. Analyses were done on an intent-to-treat basis. There was a significantly higher proportion of acute wounds (SWT = 59; NPWT = 63) than chronic wounds (SWT = 26; NPWT = 14), evaluated in this clinical trial (P = 0.001). There was no significant difference in the proportion of acute and chronic wounds achieving complete wound closure in either treatment group. Despite this finding, the Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated statistically significantly faster healing in the NPWT group in both acute (P = 0.030) and chronic wounds (P = 0.033). Among the patients treated with NPWT via the VAC, there was not a significant difference in healing as a function of chronicity. In both the acute and the chronic wound groups, results for patients treated with NPWT were superior to those for the patients treated with SWT. These results appear to indicate that wound duration should not deter the clinician from using this modality to treat complex wounds.     

In vitro binding of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9, and bacterial collagenase on collagenous wound dressings

Chronic wounds are characterized by failure in wound-healing response and a delay in healing or nonclosure of the wounds. This results in a high effort in clinical treatment and/or home care. A major difference between acute wounds and chronic wounds is the imbalance of proteinase inhibitors and proteinase activity that regulates the degradation and regeneration of the extracellular matrix proteins. Collagen and collagen/oxidized regenerated cellulose dressings act as a competitive substrate for matrix metalloproteinase-2, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and bacterial collagenase and influence this imbalance positively. Both wound dressings, approved for chronic wound treatment, the bovine collagen type I sponge and the oxidized regenerated cellulose collagen sponge, did not differ significantly in their sorption profiles for all enzymes. In general, binding was enhanced with a longer incubation time. The density of the device and the accessible surface, which can be controlled by the manufacturing process, are the crucial factors for the efficiency of the wound dressing.     

The use of vacuum-assisted closure therapy for the treatment of a large infected facial wound

Chronic wounds in difficult locations pose constant challenges to health care providers. Negative-pressure wound therapy is a relatively new treatment to promote wound healing. Laboratory and clinical studies have shown that the vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) therapy increases wound blood flow, granulation tissue formation, and decreases accumulation of fluid and bacteria. VAC therapy has been shown to hasten wound closure and formation of granulation tissue in a variety of settings. Accepted indications for VAC therapy include the infected sternum, open abdomen, chronic, nonhealing extremity wounds and decubitus ulcers. We report the first case of VAC therapy successfully used on a large infected wound to the face to promote healing.     

VAC therapy to promote wound healing after surgical revascularisation for critical lower limb ischaemia

Vacuum‐assisted closure (VAC) therapy is a new emerging non‐invasive system in wound care, which speeds up wound healing by causing vacuum, improving tissue perfusion and suctioning the exudates, and facilitating the removal of bacteria from the wound. The application of sub‐atmospheric pressure on the lesions seems to alter the cytoskeleton of the cells on the wound bed, triggering a cascade of intracellular signals that increase the rate of cell division and subsequent formation of granulation tissue. The aim of this study is to analyse the results of VAC therapy used as an adjuvant therapy for the treatment of foot wounds in patients affected by critical limb ischaemia (CLI) (Rutherford 6 class) after distal surgical revascularisation, to promote and accelerate the healing of ulcers. Twenty‐nine patients (20 males, 9 females; mean age 68·4) affected by CLI of Rutherford 6 class, after surgical revascularisation of the lower limb, underwent VAC therapy in order to speed up wound healing. Complete wound healing was achieved in 19 patients (65·51%), in an average period of 45·4 ± 25·6 days. VAC therapy is a valid aid, after surgical revascularisation, to achieve rapid healing of foot lesions in patients with CLI.     

Enzymatic wound debridement

BACKGROUND: Clinical experience and existing research strongly support debridement as a necessary component of wound bed preparation when slough or eschar is present. Multiple techniques are available, but the indications for each technique and their efficacy are not clearly established. There is little evidence to guide the clinician in the selection of a safe, effective debridement method for the patient with a chronic wound. OBJECTIVES: We sought to identify evidence related to the efficacy of enzymatic debriding agents collagenase and papain-urea in the removal of necrotic tissue from the wound bed and its impact on wound healing. SEARCH STRATEGY: A systematic review of electronic databases was undertaken using key words: (1) debridement, (2) enzymatic debridement, (3) collagenases, (4) papain, (5) urea, and (6) papain-urea. All prospective and retrospective studies that compared enzymatic debridement using collagenase or papain-urea (with and without chlorophyllin) on pressure ulcers, leg ulcers, or burn wounds were included in the review. All studies that met inclusion criteria and were published between January 1960 and February 2008 were included. RESULTS: Collagenase ointment is more effective than placebo (inactivated ointment or petrolatum ointment) for debridement of necrotic tissue from pressure ulcers, leg ulcers, and partial-thickness burn wounds. Limited evidence suggests that a papain-urea-based ointment removes necrotic material from pressure ulcers more rapidly than collagenase ointment, but progress toward wound healing appears to be equivocal. Limited evidence suggests that treatment of partial-thickness burn wounds in children with collagenase ointment may require an equivocal time to treatment with surgical excision and that combination treatment may reduce the need for surgical excision. Insufficient evidence was found to determine whether collagenase ointment removes necrotic tissue from leg ulcers more or less rapidly than autolytic debridement enhanced by a polyacrylate dressing. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Enzymatic debriding agents are an effective alternative for removing necrotic material from pressure ulcers, leg ulcers, and partial-thickness wounds. They may be used to debride both adherent slough and eschar. Enzymatic agents may be used as the primary technique for debridement in certain cases, especially when alternative methods such as surgical or conservative sharp wound debridement (CSWD) are not feasible owing to bleeding disorders or other considerations. Many clinicians will select enzymes when CSWD is not an option. Clinical experience strongly suggests that combined therapy, such as initial surgical debridement followed by serial debridement using an enzymatic agent or enzymatic debridement along with serial CSWD, is effective for many patients with chronic, indolent, or nonhealing wounds.