MCP-1、ICAM-1在糖尿病肾病大鼠肾脏损害中作用及厄贝沙坦干预的影响

目的：探讨MCP-1、ICAM-1在糖尿病肾病大鼠肾脏损害中作用及厄贝沙坦对二者的影响.方法：采用高糖高脂饮食合并链脲佐菌素腹腔注射的方法建立糖尿病肾病大鼠模型.将大鼠随机分为正常对照NC 组、糖尿病肾病DN组、厄贝沙坦DI组,检测各组大鼠24 h尿量、24 h尿白蛋白定量（24 h UTP）、血糖（BG）、血肌酐（Scr）、尿素氮（BUN）、肾重指数（KI）;行HE染色观察各组大鼠病理学形态,免疫组化观察MCP-1、ICAM-1蛋白的表达,RT-PCR观察MCP-1 mRNA、ICAM-1mRNA的表达.结果：与NC组比较,DN组大鼠肾脏病理改变加重,24 h尿量、24 h UTP、KI、BG、Scr、BUN、肾脏组织中MCP-1mRNA和ICAM-1mRNA及蛋白水平均显著增加,差异均有统计学意义（P＆lt;0.01）;与DN组比较,DI组大鼠BG、BUN、Scr有所改善,差异无统计学意义;肾脏病理改变减轻,其余指标明显降低,差异有统计学意义（P＆lt;0.05）.结论：MCP-1、ICAM-1在糖尿病肾病肾脏损害过程中可能起重要作用;厄贝沙坦能够减轻糖尿病肾病肾组织MCP-1、ICAM-1的表达,缓解了肾脏病理损伤.     

舒洛地特对糖尿病大鼠肾脏病变的影响

目的:探讨2种剂量舒洛地特对糖尿病大鼠肾脏病变的影响。方法:采用STZ(链尿佐霉素,60mg/kg)腹腔注射法构建1型糖尿病大鼠模型,随机分为4组:糖尿病组(DM组)、舒洛地特10mg·kg-1·d-1组(S10组)、舒洛地特20mg·kg-1·d-1组(S20组)、氯沙坦30mg·kg-1·d-1组(L组),每组各10只。另取10只未造模大鼠作正常对照组(N组)。干预12周后测体重、24h尿白蛋白定量、血糖、血肌酐、尿素氮及肾重,光镜、电镜观察肾组织形态、结构的变化。结果:同N组相比,DM组大鼠24h尿白蛋白定量、血肌酐及尿素氮显著增加(P<0.01),病理改变较明显。同DM组相比,治疗组(S10、S20及L组)大鼠24h尿白蛋白定量减少(P<0.05或P<0.01),但血肌酐及尿素氮下降差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);同S10组相比,S20及L组大鼠24h尿白蛋白定量减少(P<0.05)。光镜及电镜显示治疗组较DM组病理变化减轻,尤以S20及L组病变减轻明显。结论:舒洛地特可对糖尿病大鼠有肾脏保护作用,而20mg·kg-1·d-1较10mg·kg-1·d-1的剂量效果更好。     

Quercetin ameliorates diabetic nephropathy by reducing the expressions of transforming growth factor-β1 and connective tissue growth factor in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the main causes of end-stage renal disease. Many studies have indicated that transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) were involved in the pathophysiological mechanisms of DN. In addition, quercetin has been suggested to attenuate DN. In this study, we aim to examine whether quercetin ameliorates renal function through an effect on the expressions of TGF-β1 and CTGF in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats with a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ. The diabetic rats were then randomized to diabetic group and quercetin therapy group. At the end of the 12th week, blood glucose, body weight, kidney weight/body weight, urine albumin excretion (UAE), serum creatinine (sCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine clearance (Ccr) were measured. The expressions of TGF-β1 and CTGF in the kidneys were determined using real-time PCR and Western blot method. Diabetic rats showed significant increases in blood glucose, kidney weight/body weight, UAE, sCr, BUN, and Ccr than control group. Treatment with quercetin improved these parameters except blood glucose. Compared with the control group, the expressions of TGF-β1 and CTGF were elevated in the diabetic group. The overexpressions of TGF-β1 and CTGF in the renal tissues of diabetic rats were attenuated by administration of quercetin. Our results suggest that quercetin improved renal function in rats with DN by inhibiting the overexpressions of TGF-β1 and CTGF in the kidney.     

红细胞生成素对糖尿病大鼠肾脏保护作用的机制

目的 观察红细胞生成素（EPO）对糖尿病大鼠的肾脏保护作用,并探讨其发挥肾脏保护作用的可能机制。 方法 将实验大鼠随机分为正常对照组（NC组）、糖尿病模型组（DM组）和EPO治疗组（DE组）。药物干预8周后,处死大鼠,检测尿白蛋白排泄率（UAER）、血清肌酐（Scr）、血细胞比容（Hct）。肾组织切片行HE、PAS染色,观察大鼠肾脏病理改变。化学比色法检测肾脏丙二醛（MDA）含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性及总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）。免疫荧光及Western印迹法检测大鼠肾脏EPO受体（EPOR）的表达。免疫组织化学及Western印迹法检测大鼠肾脏NADPH氧化酶亚基（p47phox）、转化生长因子β1（TGF-β1）、纤连蛋白（FN）的表达。 结果 EPO可以减轻糖尿病大鼠肾脏病理及功能改变。各组大鼠肾脏均表达EPOR,但表达水平比较差异无统计学意义（P ＞ 0.05）。与NC组相比,DM组大鼠p47phox、TGF-β1、FN蛋白表达增强（均P ＜ 0.01）;GSH-Px、SOD活性及T-AOC下降（均P ＜ 0.01）;MDA含量增加（P ＜ 0.01）。与DM组相比,DE组大鼠p47phox、TGF-β1、FN蛋白表达减弱（均P ＜ 0.05）;GSH-Px、SOD活性及T-AOC升高（均P ＜ 0.01）;MDA含量降低（P ＜ 0.01）。 结论 EPO可通过抑制糖尿病大鼠肾脏氧化应激,降低TGF-β1、FN表达,减轻糖尿病大鼠肾脏病理改变,发挥肾脏保护作用。     

氯沙坦对尿酸性肾病大鼠肾组织MCP-1和ICAM-1mRNA表达的影响

目的 探讨氯沙坦对尿酸性肾病大鼠血清尿酸、尿素氮、肌酐、尿蛋白以及单核细胞趋化蛋白-1（MCP-1）和细胞间黏附分子-1（ICAM-1）在肾脏中表达的影响.方法 分别给予右侧肾脏切除术后大鼠氧嗪酸钾或者联合别嘌呤醇或者联合氯沙坦灌胃8周,监测上述指标变化情况,并采用实时荧光定量PCR测定各组大鼠肾脏MCP-1和ICAM-1mRNA表达的情况.结果 别嘌呤醇和氯沙坦均有效降低血清尿酸水平（P〈0.01）,改善肾功能（P〈0.05）.肾切除联合氧嗪酸钾灌胃组大鼠肾脏组织MCP-1和ICAM-1明显高于单纯肾切除组（P〈0.01）,别嘌呤醇和氯沙坦均能减少氧嗪酸钾所致的上述基因表达的增加（P〈0.01）.结论 MCP-1和ICAM-1介导的炎症反应可能参与高尿酸血症加速肾脏病进展过程,氯沙坦可能通过抑制尿酸所致的炎症反应而延缓肾脏病的进展.     

舒洛地特对糖尿病大鼠肾脏组织VEGF和VEGF-R2蛋白表达的影响

目的:观察舒洛地特对糖尿病大鼠肾脏的保护作用并探讨其机制。方法:采用链脲佐霉素(STZ,60mg/kg)腹腔注射法构建1型糖尿病大鼠模型,随机分为4组:糖尿病组(DM组)、舒洛地特10mg·kg-1·d-1组(S10组)、舒洛地特20mg·kg-1·d-1组(S20组)、氯沙坦30mg·kg-1·d-1组(L组),每组各10只。另取10只未造模大鼠作正常对照组(N组)。干预12周后采集各组大鼠血、尿标本和肾脏组织标本,观察和分析各组大鼠肾脏功能和结构的改变;Westernblot-ting和免疫组织化学法检测肾组织VEGF及其受体VEGF-R2的表达。结果:同N组相比,DM组大鼠24h尿白蛋白定量、血肌酐及尿素氮显著增加(P<0.01),病理改变较明显。同DM组相比,治疗组(S10、S20及L组)大鼠24h尿白蛋白定量减少(P<0.05或P<0.01);同S10组相比,S20及L组大鼠24h尿白蛋白定量减少(P<0.05)。光镜及电镜显示治疗组较DM组病理变化减轻,尤以S20及L组病变减轻明显。大鼠肾脏组织VEGF和VEGF-R2的表达,DM组明显高于N组(P<0.01),治疗组显著低于DM组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:舒洛地特对糖尿病大鼠肾脏有保护作用,而20mg·kg-1·d-1较10mg·kg-1·d-1的剂量效果更好。下调肾脏组织VEGF和VEGF-R2蛋白表达可能是舒洛地特对糖尿病大鼠肾脏保护作用机制之一。     

Renal injury: similarities and differences in male and female rats with the metabolic syndrome

The metabolic syndrome is complicated by nephropathy in humans and rats, and males are more affected than females. We hypothesized that female rats had reduced expression of glomerular oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) receptor 1 (LOX-1), attendant glomerular oxidant injury, and renal inflammation. Three groups, obese males (OM), obese females (OF), and lean males (LM) of first-generation (F(1)) hybrid rats derived from the Zucker fatty diabetic (ZDF) strain and the spontaneous hypertensive heart failure rat (SHHF/Gmi-fa) were studied from 6 to 41 weeks of age. OM had severe renal oxidant injury and renal failure. Their glomeruli expressed the LOX-1, and exhibited heavier accumulation of the lipid peroxide 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE). OM had compromised mitochondrial enzyme function, more renal fibrosis, and vascular leakage. Younger LM, OM, and OF ZS (ZDF/SHHF F(1) hybrid rat) rats, studied from 6 to 16 weeks of age, showed that unutilized renal lipids were comparable in OM and OF, although young OM had worse nephropathy and inflammation. In conclusion, glomerular LOX-1 expression is coupled to deposits of 4-HNE and glomerulosclerosis in OM. We presume that LOX-1 enhances glomerular uptake of oxidized lipids and renal inflammation, causing greater oxidant stress and severe glomerulosclerosis. In OF, renal protection from lipid oxidants appears to be conferred by blunted glomerular LOX-1 expression and renal inflammation.     

舒洛地特对糖尿病大鼠肾脏病变的保护作用与机制探讨

目的 观察舒洛地特对糖尿病大鼠肾脏组织核因子NF-κB活性及单核细胞趋化蛋白1(MCP-1)表达的影响,探讨舒洛地特对糖尿病肾病的保护机制.方法 高脂高糖喂养联合小剂量链脲佐菌素腹腔注射建立Wistar大鼠糖尿病模型,并按随机数字表法分为非治疗组(DM)及舒洛地特治疗组( DMS).非糖尿病大鼠作为正常对照组(NC).12周后杀检,测定血糖、血肌酐、尿素氮、三酰甘油、胆固醇;免疫比浊法测定24h尿白蛋白;光镜下观察肾小球形态和结构,计算平均肾小球体积;免疫组化法检测肾组织MCP-1表达;Western印迹方法测定NF-κB活性.结果 与NC组比较,DM组及DMS组血糖、三酰甘油、胆固醇均显著升高(均P＜ 0.01);DMS组与DM组比较,以上指标差异无统计学意义.与NC组相比,DM组及DMS组血肌酐、尿素氮、24 h尿白蛋白显著升高(均P＜0.01).与DM组比较,DMS组血肌酐[(39.1±0.88) μmol/L比(41.0±2.16) μmol/L,P＜0.05]、尿素氮[(9.12±1.06) mmol/L比(9.87±0.19) mmol/L,P＜0.05]、24h尿白蛋白[(19.92±0.96) mg/24 h比(25.99±0.52) mg/24 h,P＜ 0.01]均显著降低.与NC组比较,DM组平均肾小球体积显著增加[(7.47±1.11)×105 μm3比(4.22±1.09)×105μm3,P＜ 0.01];DMS组平均肾小球体积[(6.64±0.71 )×105 μm3,P＜0.05]较DM显著降低,但仍显著高于对照组(P＜0.01).与NC组相比,DM组肾组织MCP-1表达显著升高[( 12.17±1.94 )/HPF比(1.19±0.70)/HPF,P＜0.01];与DM组比较,DMS组肾组织MCP-1表达[(9.22±1.61 )/HPF,P＜0.01]显著降低,但仍高于NC组(P＜0.01).与NC组相比,DM组肾组织NF-κB活性显著升高[(0.89±0.07)比(0.24±0.03),P＜0.01];与DM比较,DMS组肾组织NF-κB活性[(0.27±0.01),P＜0.01]显著降低,与NC组比较,差异无统计学意义.结论 舒洛地特对糖尿病肾病具有防治作用,抑制NF-κB活性及MCP-1表达可能是其作用机制之一.     

酸味中药复方对2型糖尿病大鼠ET-1、NO及肾脏ICAM-1基因表达的影响

目的：观察酸味中药复方对2型糖尿病大鼠血浆内皮素-1（ET-1）、血清一氧化氮（NO）及肾脏细胞间黏附因子-1（ICAM-1）基因表达的影响,探讨该方保护糖尿病大鼠肾脏病变的作用机制。方法：Sprague-Dawley雄性大鼠采用链脲佐菌素（STZ）配合高热量饲料复制2型糖尿病模型,将成模大鼠分为中药组（SFCC组）、氨基胍组（AG组）、模型组（T2DM组）及正常组（NC组）,用药干预8周和12周后,采用放免法和硝酸还原酶法检测血浆ET-1和血清NO含量,原位杂交法检测大鼠肾脏ICAM-1的基因表达。结果：T2DM组ET-1含量及肾脏ICAM-1基因表达明显高于NC组（P〈0.05）,NO明显低于NC组（P〈0．05）;SFCC组和AG组ET-1含量及肾脏ICAM-1基因表达明显低于T2DM组（P〈0．05）,NO明显高于T2DM组（P〈0.05）。结论：酸味中药复方可能通过调节ET-NO,抑制ICAM-1基因表达实现其对糖尿病大鼠肾脏病变的保护作用。     

Effect of mycophenolate mofetil on CD26 expression in the kidneys of diabetic rats

Objective To investigate the expression of CD26 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4) in the kidney tissues of diabetic rats and the effects of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) on the renal CD26 expression. Methods Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control group (NC group, n=7), diabetic model group (DM group, n=7) and MMF-treated group (MMF group, n=7). Wistar rats were fed with high-sucrose-high-fat diet and injected with streptozotocin into abdominal cavity to induce diabetes. Sixteen weeks later, blood glucose (BG), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr), renal hypertrophy index (kidney weight/body weight) and 24 hour urinary protein (24Upro) were measured. The number of CD3+/CD4+ T cells in renal tissues were measured through flow cytometry. The expression of CD26 in kidney was examined by using Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Results Compared with NC group, BG, BUN, Scr, kidney weight/body weight, 24Upro were significantly increased in DM group (P﹤0.05). Except BG and kidney weight/body weight, the above-mentioned parameters were lower in MMF group compared with that in DM group (P﹤0.05). Intrarenal CD3+/CD4+ T cells were significantly up-regulated in DM group compared with that in NC group (P﹤0.01). CD26 in renal tissue was mainly expressed in T lymphocytes of renal interstitium. CD26 expression in DM group was significantly higher than that in NC group, and also higher than that in MMF group (P﹤0.05). In DM group, CD26+ T lymphocytes infiltration of renal interstitium was positively correlated with 24Upro (r2=0.770, P﹤0.05). Conclusions CD26 is related with diabetic nephropathy. MMF maybe inhibit T lymphocytes infiltration to reduce the expression of CD26 in renal interstitium, thus protecting the kidney function.     

舒洛地特对糖尿病大鼠肾脏病变和SOCS-1、TGF-β1表达的影响

目的：观察舒洛地特对糖尿病大鼠肾脏的保护作用并探讨其机制.方法：采用STZ（链脲佐霉素,60 mg/kg）腹腔注射法构建1型糖尿病大鼠模型,随机分为4组：糖尿病组（DM组）、舒洛地特10 mg·kg-1·d-1组（S10组）、舒洛地特20 mg·kg-1·d-1组（S20组）、氯沙坦30 mg·kg-1·d-1组（L组）,每组各10只.另取10只未造模大鼠作正常对照组（N组）.干预12周后采集各组大鼠血、尿标本和肾脏组织标本,观察和分析各组大鼠肾脏功能和结构的改变;Western blotting和免疫组织化学法检测肾组织SOCS-1及TGF-β1蛋白的表达.结果：同N组相比,DM组大鼠24 h尿白蛋白定量、血肌酐及尿素氮显著增加（P〈0.01）,病理改变较明显.同DM组相比,治疗组（S10、S20及L组）大鼠24 h尿白蛋白定量减少（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;同S10组相比,S20及L组大鼠24 h尿白蛋白定量减少（P〈0.05）.光镜及电镜显示治疗组较DM组病理变化减轻,尤以S20及L组病变减轻明显.大鼠肾脏组织SOCS-1的表达,DM组明显高于N组（P〈0.05）,治疗组显著高于DM组（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）.大鼠肾脏组织TGF-β1的表达,DM组明显高于N组（P〈0.01）,治疗组显著低于DM组（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）.结论：舒洛地特对糖尿病大鼠肾脏有保护作用,而20 mg·kg-1·d-1较10 mg·kg-1·d-1的剂量效果更好.上调肾脏组织SOCS-1的表达,抑制TGF-β1的过表达可能是舒洛地特对糖尿病大鼠肾脏保护作用机制之一.     

尿胞外体1型辅助性T细胞/2型辅助性T细胞失衡与2型糖尿病肾病的相关性

目的 探讨2型糖尿病（DM）患者尿胞外体1型辅助性T细胞/2型辅助性T细胞（Th1/Th2）的变化与2型糖尿病肾病（DN）发生发展的相关性。 方法 选取120例2型糖尿病患者及健康对照组30例为对象,根据尿白蛋白肌酐比（UACR）,2型糖尿病患者分为糖尿病非肾病组（DM,40例,UACR<30 mg/gCr）、微量白蛋白尿组（DN1,50例,UACR≥30~300 mg/gCr）和临床白蛋白尿组（DN2,30例,UACR＞300 mg/gCr）。用特异性单克隆抗体提纯尿胞外体。用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测尿胞外体干扰素γ（IFN-γ）和白细胞介素4（IL-4）水平。用多元逐步回归方法分析尿胞外体IFN-γ/IL-4比值与糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、胆固醇（CH）、UACR、血肌酐（Scr）、尿素氮（BUN）相关性。 结果 DM、DN1、DN2组胞外体Th1/Th2水平显著高于健康对照组（0.8089±0.2458、0.8993±0.3515、0.8571±0.2470比 0.6198±0.1769,均P < 0.01）。DN1组胞外体Th1/Th2显著高于DM组（P < 0.01）。尿胞外体IFN-γ/IL-4与UACR（r = 0.213,P = 0.015）、BUN（r=0.292,P = 0.001）呈正相关。逐步多元回归分析显示, BUN是尿胞外体IFN-γ/IL-4的独立影响因素（β = 0.246,P = 0.006）。 结论 尿胞外体Th1/Th2漂移与2型糖尿病肾病密切相关,可能在糖尿病早期肾病发病过程中起重要的作用。     

The role of DJ-1/Nrf2 pathway in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy in rats

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common chronic complications of diabetes, which is associated with an increased oxidative stress induced by hyperglycemia and alterations in DJ-1/NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) pathway. In the present study, we investigated the role and the proper time nodes of DJ-1/Nrf2 pathway in the pathogenesis of DN. Diabetes mellitus (DM) model of rats was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) on male Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats. Then, the diabetic rats were divided into 4, 8 and 12 weeks groups. As early at 4 weeks of diabetes, renal histologic evaluation score, cystatin C (Cys C), β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were increased, and total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC) level was decreased as compared with that in the control group. The protein expressions of DJ-1, NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were upregulated compared with the control group from 4 weeks and further increased with the progression of DM. The protein expressions of DJ-1, Nrf2 and HO-1 in renal tissues have good line correlations with renal histologic evaluation score, respectively. Taken together, these results suggested that the activation of DJ-1/Nrf2 pathway was involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy in rats.     

Increased Urinary Excretion of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 in Proteinuric Renal Diseases

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a chemokine that is produced mainly by tubular epithelial cells in kidney and contributes to renal interstitial inflammation and fibrosis. More recently, we have demonstrated that urinary MCP-1 excretion is increased in proportion to the degree of albuminuria (proteinuria) and positively correlated with urinary N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) levels in type 2 diabetic patients. Based on these findings, we have suggested that heavy proteinuria, itself, probably aggravates renal tubular damage and accelerates the disease progression in diabetic nephropathy by increasing the MCP-1 expression in renal tubuli. In the present study, to evaluate whether urinary MCP-1 excretion is increased in the proteinuric states not only in diabetic nephropathy but also in other renal diseases, we examined urinary MCP-1 levels in IgA nephropathy patients with macroalbuminuria (IgAN group; n = 6), and compared the results with the data obtained from type 2 diabetic patients with overt diabetic nephropathy (DN group; n = 23) and those without diabetic nephropathy (non-DN group; n = 27). Urinary MCP-1 excretion levels in non-DN, DN, IgAN groups were 157.2 (52.8–378.5), 346.1 (147.0–1276.7), and 274.4 (162.2–994.5) ng/g creatinine, median (range), respectively. Expectedly, urinary MCP-1 and NAG excretion levels in DN and IgAN groups were significantly elevated as compared with non-DN group. Therefore, we suggest that MCP-1 expression in renal tubuli is enhanced in proteinuric states, irrespective of the types of renal disease, and that increased MCP-1 expression probably contributes to renal tubular damage in proteinuric states.     

氧化应激介导糖尿病大鼠肾小管上皮细胞转分化及普罗布考的干预作用

目的 研究氧化应激在糖尿病肾病（DN）大鼠肾小管上皮细胞转分化中的作用,探讨抗氧化剂普罗布考对大鼠DN的肾脏保护作用。 方法 30只雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、DN组和普罗布考干预组（1％普罗布考饮食）,每组10只。分别于第3周、第8周及第12周检测24 h尿蛋白（UTP）;12周末检测各组大鼠血糖、血脂（胆固醇、三酰甘油）、Scr、肌酐清除率（Ccr）、肾脏组织匀浆液丙二醛（MDA）含量及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性。肾组织病理切片行 HE和Masson染色;采用免疫组化和Western印迹检测肾组织核转录因子Sp1、α平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-SMA）及E钙黏蛋白（E-cadherin）表达。 结果 与正常对照组比较,DN组血糖、Scr、肾组织匀浆MDA和24 h UTP水平显著增高（均P < 0.01）,Ccr显著降低（P < 0.01）;肾组织肾小管损伤分数、α-SMA和 Sp1蛋白表达水平明显增高（均P < 0.01）;肾组织E-cadherin蛋白表达明显下调。肾组织MDA含量分别与α-SMA及Sp1蛋白表达呈正相关（r ＝ 0.896,P < 0.01;r ＝ 0.862,P < 0.01）,与E-cadherin蛋白表达呈负相关（r = -0.673, P < 0.01）。普罗布考干预组Scr、24 h UTP、肾组织MDA、肾小管损伤分数及肾组织α-SMA、 Sp1蛋白表达水平较DN组均明显降低（均P < 0.01）;Ccr和肾组织E-cadherin蛋白表达水平较DN组均明显增加（均P < 0.01）。 结论 氧化应激在DN大鼠肾小管上皮细胞转分化中起重要作用。普罗布考可能通过抗氧化、下调肾组织Sp1蛋白表达及抑制肾小管上皮细胞转分化延缓DN大鼠肾脏病变进展。     

全反式维甲酸延缓糖尿病肾脏纤维化进展的实验研究

目的：探讨全反式维甲酸对延缓糖尿病大鼠肾脏纤维化的保护作用。方法：随机选择雄性SD大鼠分为空白对照组（NC）与造模组,制作糖尿病模型分为模型组（DM）与维甲酸治疗组（DM＋atRA）。于模型成型后分别于第8、12周观察各组大鼠24h尿蛋白（Ualb）,内生肌酐清除率（Ccr）,肾重／体重。肾脏病理及电镜观察肾小球基底膜厚度,免疫组织化学方法观察肾组织Ⅳ、Ⅲ型胶原表达。结果：维甲酸组肾重／体重、Ualb、Ccr较同时期模型组下降（P＜0．05）,且12周大鼠肾组织细胞外基质（ECM）重要成分ColⅣ表达（5．75±0．41）、ColⅢ表达（4．98±1．37）与模型组比较显著减少（P＜0．01）。病理观察维甲酸组与模型组比较肾小球系膜细胞和内皮细胞增生减轻,足突融合改善,系膜基质增生缓解,基底膜厚度变薄,减轻了肾脏病理损害。结论：全反式维甲酸能减轻糖尿病大鼠早期肾脏病理损伤,减少细胞外胶原基质积聚,延缓肾脏纤维化。     

乙酰肝素酶在糖尿病肾病大鼠蛋白尿发生中的作用

目的 观察糖尿病肾病大鼠肾组织乙酰肝素酶（HPA）的表达，探讨其在糖尿病肾病大鼠蛋白尿发生中的作用。 方法 SD健康大鼠被随机分为健康对照组（n = 6）、糖尿病6周组(DM6w, n = 10)和糖尿病12周组(DM12w, n = 10)，采用一次性腹腔注射链脲菌素（STZ）的方法建立糖尿病大鼠模型。分别于造模后6周和12周末测定各组大鼠相对肾质量、血糖、尿素氮、血肌酐、24 h尿量及尿蛋白量(24 h)等指标，并观察肾脏病理改变。RT-PCR和免疫组织化学法检测各组大鼠肾组织HPA mRNA和蛋白表达变化，并分析其与蛋白尿发生的相关性。 结果 （1）DM6w和DM12w组大鼠的相对肾质量、血糖、尿素氮、24 h尿量及尿蛋白量(24 h)与健康对照组相比明显升高, 差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05或P < 0.01)。（2）DM6w和DM12w组大鼠HPA mRNA和蛋白表达比健康对照组均显著增高(P < 0.01)。（3）大鼠肾组织HPA mRNA和蛋白表达与尿蛋白量(24 h)之间均呈正相关 (r = 0.783，P < 0.01；r = 0.793，P < 0.01)。 结论 HPA在糖尿病肾病中的表达升高可能参与了糖尿病肾病蛋白尿的发生。     

洛沙坦对糖尿病大鼠肾脏炎症反应及足细胞损伤的影响

目的 探讨洛沙坦对糖尿病大鼠模型肾组织炎症反应及足细胞损伤的影响。方法 Wistar大鼠随机分为3组：对照组（NC）、糖尿病组（DM）、洛沙坦治疗组（DL）。链脲菌素（STZ）注射建立糖尿病动物模型，洛沙坦治疗组在大鼠建立糖尿病同时即开始以洛沙坦（20mg·kg·d^-1）灌胃治疗。分别于2周和12周杀鼠，观察体重、肾重、肾重／体重指数、尿蛋白量（24h）、Scr、Ccr以及肾组织病理改变；免疫组化染色观察肾小球细胞间黏附分子（ICAM-1）、白细胞共同抗原（CD45）、nephrin、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）表达的改变；免疫印迹观察肾组织nephrin、VEGF表达的改变。结果 （1）DL组大鼠肾重／体重指数、尿蛋白量（24h）、Ccr则均低于DM组，差异均有统计学意义（P均〈0．05），其病理改变程度也比DM组轻。（2）免疫组化及免疫印迹显示，DM组和DL组肾小球ICAM-1、CD45、VEGF表达均高于对照组，而DL组ICAM-1、CD45、VEGF表达均低于DM组；DM组和DL组大鼠肾小球nephrin表达低于对照组；DL组肾小球nephrin表达高于DM组，差异均有统计学意义（P均〈0．01）。结论 洛沙坦可能通过抑制肾组织白细胞浸润、炎症反应及减轻足细胞损伤，达到肾脏保护作用。