辐射剂量个体化基础上降低64层CT冠状动脉成像扫描剂量的应用研究

目的 通过优化个体化分类标准,探讨辐射剂量个体化基础上的低剂量冠状动脉CTA扫描实施方案.方法 连续选取行冠状动脉CTA患者200例(A组),根据患者体质量指数(BMI),采用管电压120 kV,管电流150～ 300 mA(BMI＜ 18.5 kg/m2者),300 ～500 mA(18.5 kg/m2≤BMI＜25.0 kg/m2者),500 ～ 800 mA(BMI≥25.0 kg/m2者)进行扫描,扫描完成后分析管电流mA值与BMI、体表面积(Suf)、图像噪声(SD)的关系,并建立回归方程,依据方程推导速查表.再连续选取行冠状动脉CTA患者200例(B组),根据上述BMI与Suf分类的速查表,采用管电压100及120 kV,管电流按照速查表计算出的mA值,进行个体化低剂量扫描.统计学分析采用单因素方差分析和Kruskal-wallis H 检验.结果 管电流mA值与BMI、Suf、SD的回归计算方程为:mA=17.984×BMI+169.149×Suf-2.282×SD-361.039.A组、B组扫描图像的SD值(A组:32.08±5.80;B组:28.60±4.47)、辐射剂量指数(CTDIvol)[A组:(41.97±11.37)mGy;B组:(33.18±10.07)mGy]、有效剂量值(ED)[A组:(10.91±3.07)mSv;B组:(8.83±2.72)mSv]差异均具有统计学意义(F值分别为43.45、63.71、49.07,P值均＜0.01),B组中图像噪声、辐射剂量值均小于A组.结论 BMI联合Suf作为分类标准,可进一步提高个体化的精确程度,在确保图像质量的同时合理降低辐射剂量.     

平板DSA低剂量模式在冠状动脉造影术中的应用价值

目的 探讨平板探测器数字减影血管造影系统(DSA)低剂量模式在冠状动脉造影术中的应用价值.方法 选取住院拟行冠状动脉造影术患者60例,均为体重50 ～ 70 kg正常体型,随机分为低剂量模式组30例与常规对照组30例.术后由2位心内科介入治疗医师采用双盲法对所有图像进行评分.分别对两组患者的辐射剂量面积(DAP)、累积...     

双源CT在冠状动脉狭窄及斑块性质评估中的应用价值

目的：通过双源CT（DSCT）冠状动脉成像与冠状动脉造影（CAG）的对照研究,探讨DSCT评价冠状动脉狭窄及不同性质斑块的应用价值。方法：收集112例疑似冠心病患者的影像资料,对管腔直径≥ 1.5 mm的冠状动脉节段进行分析,测量冠状动脉狭窄节段的程度及斑块的CT值。比较DSCT与CAG对冠状动脉狭窄程度及不同性质斑块导致的狭窄程度判断的一致性。结果：①DSCT对冠状动脉狭窄及节段狭窄程度的判断与CAG具有高度一致性。②对钙化斑块和混合斑块导致的冠状动脉狭窄的诊断,DSCT和CAG具有高度一致性,对非钙化斑块导致的冠状动脉狭窄的诊断具有中度一致性。2例因非钙化斑块冠状动脉狭窄<50%者,随访过程中发生急性冠脉综合征,发生率为1.8%。结论：DSCT冠状动脉成像能准确评价冠状动脉的狭窄程度,并辨别粥样硬化斑块的性质,是冠状动脉病变的首选检查方法。     

双源CT低管电压技术在超重患者冠状动脉成像中的应用

目的 探讨在超重患者双源CT冠状动脉成像中低管电压技术的应用价值,评价其图像质量和辐射剂量.方法 将66例接受双源CT冠状动脉检查,体质量<85 kg、且体质量指数(BMI)为25.0～30.0 ks/m2的患者完全随机化分为A、B 2组.A组30例,管电压为120 kVp;B组36例,管电压为100 kVp.所有患者均采用回顾性心电门控螺旋扫描和四维智能在线剂量调控(CARE Dose 4D)技术,严格控制扫描范围.对2组的扫描数据分别进行多种图像后处理,由影像科副主任医师和副主任技师各1名采用双盲法评估图像质量.测量并计算信噪比(SNR)、对比信噪比(CNR).记录CT容积剂量指数(CTDIvol)和剂量长度乘积(DLP),计算有效辐射剂量(ED).应用两独立样本t检验比较2组患者图像ROI的CT值、噪声、SNR、CNR、辐射剂量及对比剂用量、图像质量评分等.应用X2检验比较两组患者冠状动脉图像质量分级显示段数.应用Kappa检验判断2名评价者评分的一致性.以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义.结果 图像ROI内CT值、噪声(以标准差SD计算)、SNR测量值:A组右冠状动脉(RCA)起始部分别为(429.3±77.4)HU,24.0±8.2、21.8±9.9,左冠状动脉主干(LMA)起始部分别为(436.7±79.0)HU、19.4±7.3、22.3±9.8;B组RCA分别为(503.5±95.4)HU、34.0±12.6、21.0±10.7,LMA分别为(491.7±96.2)HU、33.4±15.5、20.6±11.4;CNR测量值:A组为24.4±10.3,B组为21.9±8.2.2组患者冠状动脉血管腔内强化平均CT值、噪声比较,B组大于A组,差异有统汁学意义(P值均<0.05);2组间SNR、CNR筹异无统计学意义(P值均>0.05);2组CTDIvol比较,A组为(42.2±13.8)mGy,B组为(20.2±6.5)mGy,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);A组ED为(9.5±3.6)roSy,B组为(4.8±1.7)mSv,差异有统汁学意义(P<0.05);A组图像质量评分为(4.5±1.0)分,B组为(4.7±0.5)分,筹异无统计学意义(P>0.05);A绀评价383段冠状动脉,图像优良者377段(98.4%)B组评价490段冠状动脉,图像优良者483段(98.6%).结论 对于BMI在25.0～30.0 kg/m2的患者,使用100 kVp管电压配合CARE Dose 4D技术进行双源CT冠状动脉检查,可以获得较好的图像质量,并且可以显著降低辐射剂量.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the image quality and the radiation dose of dual-source computed tomography coronary angiography by using low kilovohage combination with low tube current in overweight patients.Methods Sixty-six patients with body mass inde,(BMI)25.(0-30.0 kg/m2 and a body weight<85 kg were randomized two groups(group A and group B).Thirty patients in group A were examined with 120 kVp,and 36 patients in group B with 100 kVp.ECG-pulsing and care dose 4D for radiation dose reduction were used in all patients.All images were transferred to Siemens workstation for post processing and analysis.Two observers blimted to clinical data independently assessed the image quality of each coronary segment by using a 5-point scoring scale(5:excellent,1:no diagnostic).and measured the different image parameters including image noise,signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR).The effective dose(ED)was calculated by using CT dose volume index(CTDIvol)and the doselength product (DLP). The mean intraluminal attenuation, image noise, SNR, CNR, radiation dose,volume of contrast medium, and mean image quality scores were compared between the two groups with t test. The grading quantity of coronary artery segment was compared with Chi-square test. The interobserver agreement was determined by Kappa statistics. Results The mean intraluminal attenuation, image noise,SNR in group A were (429. 3±77.4 ) HU, 24.0±8.2, 21.8±9. 9 in right coronary artery ( RCA), and (436. 7±79. 0) HU, 19.4±7.3, 22. 3±9. 8 in left main coronary artery (LMA ), and that in group B were (503.5±95.4) HU, 34.0±12.6, 21.0±10.7 in RCA, and (491.7±96.2) HU, 33.4±15.5,20.6±11.4 in LMA. The CNR were 24.4±10.3 in group A and 21.9±8.2 in group B. The mean intraluminal attenuation and image noise were significantly higher for group B compared with group A ( P <0. 05 ). There were no difference in SNR and CNR between the two groups ( P > 0. 05 ). Estimated ED in group B was significantly lower than that in group A [CTDIvol = (42. 2±13. 8) mGy, ED = (9. 5±3.6)mSv in group A vs. CTDIvol = ( 20. 2±6.5 ) mGy, ED = (4. 8±1.7 ) mSv in group B ; each P < 0. 05 ].Mean image quality scores were not significantly different between two groups ( 4. 5±1.0 in group A vs.4. 7±0. 5 in group B, P > 0. 05 ). A total of 383 coronary artery segments were evaluated in group A and 490 segments in group B. The difference of grading quantity of coronary artery segment was no statistical significant between two groups. Conclusions 100 kVp combination with ECC-pulsing and CARE Dose 4D of dual-source CTCA was valuable for patients with BMI ranging from 25 to 30 kg/m2 which have a better image quality and low radiatiun dose.     

第二代双源CT前门控冠状动脉成像与冠状动脉造影比较的初步研究

目的:探讨第二代双源CT前门控冠状动脉成像(CTCA)对冠状动脉狭窄病变的诊断价值。方法:连续44例同期行第二代双源CT前门控CTCA(其中前门控序列扫描35例,前门控大螺距螺旋扫描9例)及选择性冠状动脉造影(SCA)检查的患者,按冠脉病变狭窄程度分为:无狭窄;轻度狭窄(狭窄≤50%);中度狭窄(狭窄50%～75%);重度狭窄(狭窄≥75%);闭塞(狭窄100%),将中度及中度以上狭窄定义为有意义狭窄。以SCA为金标准,分析第二代双源CT前门控CTCA诊断冠状动脉狭窄的敏感性、特异性、阳性和阴性预测值及准确度,同时计算第二代双源CT前门控CTCA的辐射剂量。结果:44例患者冠脉直径2mm以上的节段共570个,其中12段图像质量较差,无法评估,可评估节段占97.89%。第二代双源CT前门控CTCA按冠脉节段计算,诊断冠状动脉狭窄的敏感度、特异度、阳性和阴性预测值、准确度分别为90.18%、93.05%、76.52%、97.42%、92.47%,诊断冠状动脉有意义狭窄的敏感度、特异度、阳性和阴性预测值、准确度分别为90.14%、95.69%、75.29%、98.52%、94.98%。第二代双源CT前门控CTCA与SCA比较对冠状动脉狭窄评价的差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.10,P>0.05),对冠状动脉有意义狭窄评价的差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.46,P>0.05)。第二代双源CT前门控CT-CA的平均辐射剂量为(3.36±1.59)mSv,其中前门控序列扫描的平均辐射剂量为(3.99±1.18)mSv,前门控大螺距螺旋扫描的平均辐射剂量为(1.11±0.44)mSv。结论:第二代双源CT前门控成像对诊断冠状动脉狭窄的准确度稍低于SCA,但其阴性预测值较高,同时其辐射剂量较低,可作为临床冠心病筛查的无创性检查手段。     

心电脉冲改良技术降低双源CT冠状动脉成像的辐射剂量

目的探讨心电脉冲(ECG-Pulsing)技术和Mindose技术在双源CT冠状动脉成像中降低辐射剂量的作用。资料与方法按照不同扫描方法随机将拟行双源CT扫描的136例可疑冠心病患者分为2组,标准组49例采用标准的ECG-Pulsing扫描,优化组87例采用优化后的ECG-Pulsing条件合并Mindose技术扫描。记录扫描后平均容积CT剂量指数(CT dose index volume,CTDIvol)和剂量长度乘积(dose length product,DLP),计算有效辐射剂量(effective dose,ED)。扫描图像质量采用双盲法评分。两组CTDIvol值、ED值和图像质量评分比较采用t检验。结果优化组CTDIvol值及ED值明显低于标准组(42.82±18.00mGy vs64.86±10.63mGy,11.72±5.16mSv vs17.26±3.36mSv),差异有统计学意义(t=-8.975、t=-7.575,P<0.01),平均剂量降低约33.41%。标准组和优化组冠状动脉各段图像质量平均评分比较,差异无统计学意义(3.56±0.38分vs3.60±0.24分,P>0.05)。结论双源CT冠状动脉成像时应用ECG-Pulsing合并Mindose优化技术,能在保证图像质量的前提下大幅度降低辐射剂量。     

双源CT低辐射剂量冠状动脉成像的初步研究

目的:探讨双源CT(DSCT)低剂量冠状动脉成像在较大体重质量指数(BMI)范围中的临床应用价值。方法:将BMI在17.51~30.00之间的可疑冠心病患者随机分为两组:A组(低辐射剂量组)95例,依据体重指数再将其分为三组(BMI<18.5,18.5≤BMI<24和24≤BMI),采用100kVp,参考毫安320mAs扫描;B组(常规辐射剂量组)69例,采用120kVp,参考毫安360mAs扫描,其他参数两组相同。两组均使用回顾性心电门控和CareDose4D技术进行DSCT(Somatom Definition,西门子)冠状动脉成像增强检查,检查前均不使用受体阻滞剂控制心率。所有扫描数据传送到西门子独立图像后处理工作站进行进一步处理。分析A、B两组最佳的重建时相图像,由2名副主任医师独立评估图像质量。记录并计算CT容积剂量指数(CTDIvol)、剂量长度乘积(DLP)及有效剂量(ED)值。利用单因素方差分析比较A组中三组图像质量是否存在差别。应用χ2检验比较A、B两组患者冠状动脉分级显示段数,应用两独立样本t检验比较A、B两组患者图像质量评分、CTDIvol、DLP和ED等。结果:A组中的三组图像评分为4.67±0.53、4.72±0.42、4.51±0.57;三组图像质量评分差异无统计学意义(F=1.39,P=0.25)。A组评价1298段冠状动脉,B组评价934段冠状动脉。图像质量评为优良的A组占99.31%,B组占99.79%,两组显示差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.54,P=0.11);可诊断图像节段数A组占99.69%,B组占99.89%,两组显示差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.98,P=0.32)。A、B两组图像质量评分分别为4.69±0.47、4.81±0.35分;CTDIvol值分别为18.53±7.55、45.85±15.49;DLP值分别为253.31±97.78、645.10±254.00;ED值分别为4.31±1.66、10.97±4.32。A、B两组间的图像质量评分差异无统计学意义(t=-1.70,P=0.09),A、B两组CTDIvol差异有统计学意义(t=-14.93,P=0),A组小于B组;A、B两组间DLP差异有统计学意义(t=-13.71,P=0),A组小于B组,A、B两组的ED差异有统计学意义(t=-13.71,P=0),A组小于B组。结论:双源CT低剂量冠状动脉成像在较大的BMI范围具有很好的图像质量,可以降低辐射剂量,具有广泛的临床应用价值。     

320排CT单心跳冠状动脉成像的图像质量及辐射剂量分析

目的:探讨320排CT低心率患者单心跳冠状动脉血管成像的图像质量及辐射剂量.方法:将241例临床可疑或确诊冠状动脉疾病的患者分为三组:A组122例,心率＜65bpm;B组62例,65≤心率＜80bpm;C组57例,心率≥80bpm.扫描完成后选用最佳的时相,对冠状动脉进行容积重组(VR)、多平面重组(MPR)、曲面重组(CPR).按照4分法将图像质量分类并统计分析,用卡方检验比较冠状动脉血管段的优良率、可评价比例的差异;记录各组的辐射剂量,用秩和检验比较辐射剂量的差异.结果:A、B、C三组冠状动脉血管段优良率差异有统计学意义(x2=87.46,P＜0.05),可评价比例差异无统计学意义(x2 =3.99,P＞0.05).所有病例共有5段冠状动脉不可评价.A、B、C三组的平均辐射剂量分别为(3.79±2.32) mSv、(11.60±5.05)mSv、(16.52±6.36) mSv,其差异具有统计学意义(x2=149.11,P＜0.05).A组与B组、A组与C组、B组与C组辐射剂量两两比较差异均有统计学意义(Z值分别为-11.39、-8.47、-4.32,P值均＜0.017).结论:320排CT冠状动脉成像对于心率＜65bpm的患者可提供高质量的图像,且显著降低辐射剂量.     

以平扫图像噪声设定管电流在冠状动脉CTA辐射剂量个体化中的应用

目的基于自适应统计迭代重建技术(ASIR),探讨根据平扫图像噪声设定增强扫描管电流,实施冠状动脉CTA辐射剂量个体化的可行性。方法前瞻性连续收集我院冠状动脉CTA检查者100例(A组),采用回顾性门控扫描,平扫管电流280mA,增强扫描管电流600mA,扫描完成后,测量平扫和增强图像噪声,并推导出增强扫描管电流和平扫图像噪声的方程。再连续收集我院冠状动脉CTA检查者100例(B组),增强扫描管电流根据平扫图像噪声,按照A组所推导的方程计算得出。测量B增强图像噪声,并对两组图像质量进行评估。根据体质量指数(BMI),把A、B两组患者分为BMI<27.0kg/m2和BMI≥27.0kg/m2两个亚组进行比较,分别对CT剂量指数(CTDI)和有效剂量(ED)进行2个独立样本的t或t′检验,对图像质量评分进行秩和检验。结果增强管电流(mAX)与平扫图像噪声(SDp)的方程为:mAX=mA1×〔(1.54×SDp+3.54)/SDx〕2,其中mA1=600mA,靶噪声(SDx)=27。BMI<27.0kg/m2的患者,A组(89例)、B组(87例)ED分别为(19.23±2.24)和(12.77±3.75)mSv,差异有统计学意义(t′=13.84,P<0.01)。两组图像质量评分均≥2分,无统计学差异(Z=-0.96,P=0.34)。BMI≥27.0kg/m2的患者,A组(11例)、B组(13例)ED分别为(19.42±2.24)和(23.29±3.30)mSv(t=-3.40,P<0.01),两组图像质量评分范围分别为(1,3)分和(2,4)分(Z<0.01,P<0.01),差异均有统计学意义。其中A组2例患者图像低于2分,无法诊断,B组所有患者图像均满足诊断要求。结论在CT冠状动脉检查中,基于ASIR技术,根据平扫图像噪声设定增强扫描管电流,可以实现辐射剂量个体化,并在保证图像质量的前提下有效降低辐射剂量。     

中低心率患者在双源CT低管电压冠状动脉成像中的图像质量及辐射剂量

目的 探讨中低心率对双源CT低管电压冠状动脉成像的图像质量及辐射剂量的影响.方法 对85例体质量指数(BMI)为17.51～30.00 kg/m2、心率在91次/min(bpm)以下的可疑冠心病患者进行双源CT低管电压(100 kVp)回顾性心电门控冠状动脉成像增强扫描,检查前不使用β受体阻滞剂控制心率.按患者扫描时的心率进行分组,≤59 bpm为A组(27例),60～69 bpm为B组(29例),≥70 bpm为C组(29例).评价各组的最佳重建时相图像,记录各组的增强扫描序列的螺距、CT容积剂量指数(CTDvol)、剂量长度乘积(DLP)及有效剂量(ED)值.应用单因素方差分析比较3组患者的扫描螺距、图像质量评分和辐射剂量值等.分析心率对冠状动脉成像图像质量及辐射剂量的影响.结果 A、B、C组螺距分别为0.241±0.025、0.286±0.034、0.335±0.036;3组图像质量评分分别为(4.78±0.26)、(4.66±0.56)、(4.70±0.46)分;CTDIvol值分别为(18.06±5.16)、(19.62±7.15)和(17.50±7.13)mGy,ED值分别为(4.23±1.16)、(4.59±1.75)、(4.12±1.39)mSv.3组的螺距差异有统计学意义(F=60.00,P=0.00);3组间的图像质量评分差异无统计学意义(F=0.53,P=0.59);3组间CTDIvol差异无统计学意义(F=0.83,P=0.44),ED差异也无统计学意义(F=0.86,P=0.43).结论 中低心率对双源CT低管电压冠状动脉成像的图像质量影响很小,在自动心电门控剂量窗时,对辐射剂量的影响也很小.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the imaging quality and radiation doses of dual-source computed tomography (DSCT) coronary angiography at a low tube voltage in patients with medium and low heart rate.Methods Eighty-five patients[heart rate (HR) ＜ 91 beats per minute (bpm); body mass index (BMI) 17. 51-30. 00 kg/m2]suspected of coronary artery disease received retrospectively ECG-gating coronary angiography with dual-source CT scanner (Somatom Definition, Siemens) at a tube voltage of 100 kVp. For all patients, no beta-blocker was used before CT scan. According to the HR, the patients were divided into three groups: Group A, HR ≤ 59 bpm, n = 27; Group B, HR 60-69 bpm, n = 29; Group C,HR ≥70 bpm, n = 29. All images were transferred to a workstation for postprocessing. The best R-R interval reconstruction images of all groups were evaluated. The value of pitch, CT volume dosage index (CTDIvol), dose length product (DLP)and effective dose (ED)were recorded. The pitch, the score of imaging quality of coronary artery segments and the radiation dose were compared with one-way ANOVA. The influence of HR on image quality and radiation doses of coronary artery was analyzed. Results The value of pitch in Group A, Group B and Group C was 0. 241 ± 0. 025, 0. 286 ± 0. 034 and 0. 335 ± 0. 036,respectively. The mean score of imaging quality of coronary artery segments in Group A, Group B and Group C was 4. 78 ± 0. 26, 4. 66 ± 0. 56 and 4. 70 ± 0. 46, respectively. The value of CTDIvol in Group A,Group B and Group C was (18.06 ±5. 16), (19. 62 ±7. 15) and (17. 50 ±7. 13) mGy, respectively. The value of ED in group A, Group B and Group C was (4.23 ± 1.76), (4.59 ± 1.75) and (4.12 ±1.39) mSv, respectively. There was statistical difference in value of pitch among the three groups (F =60. 00, P= 0. 00). There were no statistical difference in score of imaging quality, CTDIvol and value of ED among the three groups (F = 0. 53, P = 0. 59; F = 0. 83, P = 0. 44 ; F = 0. 86, P = 0. 43). Conclusion Medium and low HR have little influences on image quality of dual-source CT coronary angiography at a low tube voltage. When the auto ECG-gating is selected, there is little influence on radiation dosage as well.     

双源CT前瞻性心电门控序列扫描冠状动脉成像准确性的多中心研究

目的 与常规冠状动脉造影(CCA)对照,研究双源CT(DSCT)前瞻性心电门控序列扫描冠状动脉成像(SAS-CTCA)对冠状动脉狭窄诊断的准确性.方法 前瞻性的多中心研究,46例可疑冠心病患者[平均年龄(58±9)岁,体质量指数(BMI)(25±3)kg/m2]均进行了SAS-CTCA检查,并于14 d以内完成CCA检查.患者纳入标准:(1)心率控制在65次/min(bpm)以下;(2)窦性心律,心律规整,心率波动范围在6 bpm以内;(3)呼吸配合良好,屏气时间可达到12～15s.排除标准:(1)碘对比剂过敏、肝肾功能不全(血肌酐120 μmol/L)、心功能不全及严重心律不齐患者;(2)冠状动脉支架置入或冠状动脉搭桥患者;(3)心率快,而不能服用美托洛尔控制心率者;(4)不能服用硝酸甘油者;(5)体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)30 ks/m2 ;(6)其他心脏疾患:如心肌病、瓣膜病等.2名评价者分析SAS-CTCA及CCA的结果,计算SAS-CTCA对于冠状动脉狭窄诊断的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值,计算2名评价者间、两种检查方法之间的Kappa值,并对辐射剂量进行统计.结果 检查过程中患者的平均心率为(61±6)bpm,99.19%(614/619)的冠状动脉节段达到可供诊断的图像质量.与CCA相比,以冠状动脉血管为单位,SAS-CTCA在显示冠状动脉病变方面的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为96.2%(75/78)、88.2%(60/68)、90.4%(75/83)、95.2%(60/63).两种检查方法之间的Kappa值为0.848(P=0.000).SAS-CTCA的平均有效剂量为(2.95±0.96)mSv.结论 在严格控制入选标准的前提下,SAS-CTCA检查可以在降低辐射剂量的同时获得满意的图像质量,并对诊断冠状动脉狭窄具有较高的可信性.     

心血管病介入操作时患者受照剂量估算

放射诊疗新技术给人类带来了巨大的利益,放射性介入操作是其中最具代表性的一类新技术.然而在放射性介入操作的过程中,患者受照剂量在医用X射线诊断和治疗中是最高的,其剂量可能大到能引起皮肤和眼晶体辐射损伤,而且其防护也是目前职业辐射防护中最困难的.目前有60%左右的介入术是在心血管病的治疗中开展,心血管病介入操作时患者的辐射防护问题已引起了国内外广泛的重视,并开展了较为广泛的研究.大量的研究结果表明,心血管病放射性介入操作可能给患者造成值得重视的高剂量辐射.但是许多研究都是集中在表面剂量,这个量对评估患者的风险是远远不够的.在外照射情况下,当人体受穿透力强的辐射(X射线、γ射线、中子)照射一定剂量时,可造成深部组织和器官损伤,因此在研究表面剂量的同时,研究深部组织和器官的剂量也是至关重要的.由于放射性介入操作可能引起肿瘤和遗传这类随机性效应损伤,因此需要估算其有效剂量.     

冠状动脉CT血管成像剂量降低技术的应用现状和进展

冠状动脉CT血管成像(CCTA)的辐射剂量在“后64层CT”时代仍得到广泛关注,各种剂量降低技术得到进一步发展,使得高端机型CCTA的辐射剂量显著降低.熟练掌握并综合应用不同的剂量降低技术,有效地降低管球曝光强度、缩短曝光时间和减少曝光范围,能够实现病人接受辐射剂量的最小化.就有关CCTA剂量降低技术及新进展予以综述.     

256层CT心电前置门控及回顾门控冠状动脉成像质量及辐射剂量比较

目的 比较256层CT前置门控冠状动脉CTA与回顾门控检查方法的成像质量及辐射剂量,探讨256层CT前置门控冠状动脉扫描方法的临床应用价值及局限性.方法 回顾分析177例冠状动脉256层CTA检查患者,其中前置门控86例,回顾门控91例.将冠状动脉主要分支分为9个节段评价,采用4分法评价图像质量,≥3分为可评价节段.采用t检验比较两种方法组可评价节段的百分比、患者的有效辐射剂量及图像噪声.结果 前置门控组86例中98.8%节段(765/774)为可评价节段.回顾门控组91例中99.6%节段(816/819)可评价.2组图像质量差异有统计学意义(t=2.51,P=0.01).心率<75次/min时,前置门控与回顾门控组的可评价节段分别为99.8%(647/648),99.7%(718/720),图像质量的差异无统计学意义(t=1.90,P>0.05).≥75次/min时,2组的可评价节段分别为93.6%(118/126)和99.0%(98/99).2组的可评价率差异有统计学意义(t=3.57,P<0.05).前置门控组及回顾门控组的有效辐射剂量分别为(4.4±0.5)和(10.3±1.5)mSv(t=33.4,P<0.00),前置门控扫描的剂量明显小于回顾门控扫描,下降幅度达60.0%.结论 256层CT前置门控冠状动脉扫描方法较回顾门控方法剂量显著降低,两种扫描方法得到的图像质量均较好.在低心率组图像质量两种方法相近,而高心率组前置门控较回顾门控法有差距.     

64层CT血管成像在冠状动脉弹性研究中的价值

目的：评价64层螺旋CT血管成像在测量和计算冠状动脉相关弹性参数中的价值。方法：选取2008年9月-2009年10月本院行冠状动脉CT血管成像检查患者资料共86例,通过测量冠状动脉344节段在收缩期、舒张期的动脉管径变化,分析冠状动脉各段相关动脉弹性参数及其与脉压及平均动脉压的相关性,分析冠状动脉顺应性与收缩压的相关性,包括左主干、左前降支、左回旋支及右冠状动脉。结果：冠状动脉各支血管顺应性参数间存在差别,Friedman T检验,P=0.001,冠状动脉各支血管顺应性与脉压及平均动脉压呈负相关,其余冠状动脉弹性相关参数与脉压及平均动脉压相关性较差;冠状动脉顺应性与收缩压呈负相关（P〈0.05）。结论：64层螺旋CT血管成像可作为一种冠状动脉管腔测量的有效方法,冠状动脉顺应性可较好反映正常冠状动脉血管壁弹性。     

双源CT前瞻性心电门控序列扫描冠状动脉成像准确性的多中心研究

Objective To investigate the accuracy of low-dose dual-source computed tomography (DSCT) coronary angiography in the step-and-shoot (SAS) mode for the diagnosis of coronary artery stenosis in comparison with conventional coronary angingraphy (CCA).Methods Prospective multiple-center study, 46 patients[mean age(58±9) years;bedy mass index(BMI) (25±3) kg/m2]underwent both DSCT in the SAS mode and CCA within 14 days.The inclusion criteria for contrast-enhanced CT: (1) heart rate less than 65 times/rain (bpm).(2) regular sinus rhythm, heart rate fluctuations within the range of 6 bpm. (3) holding breath well, breath-hold time is about 12-15 s.The exclusion criteria:(1) allergy to iodinecontaining contrast medium, nephropathy (serum creatinine level 120 μmol/L), heart failure and serious arrhythmias.(2) patients with coronary stents or bypass grafts.(3) heart rate can not be controlled very well (4)the patient could not take nitroglycerin.(5)BMI 30 kg/m2.(6) other heart disease: carcliomyopathy, valvular disease etc.Sensitivity, specificity, negative (NPV) and positive predictive value (PPV) were determined with CCA as standard of reference.The Kappa value between the two modalities and the two observers was calculated.Radiation dose values were measured.Results Mean heart rate during scanning was (61±6)bpm.99.19% (614/619) coronary segments were depicted with a diagnostic image quality. The vessel-based sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV for the diagnosis of coronary artery stenosis were 96.2% (75/78), 88.2% (60/68), 90.4% (75/83), and 95.2% (60/63), respectively.The Kappa value between the two modalities was 0.848 (P=0.000).The mean effective dose of the SAS-CTCA was (2.95± 0.96) rosy(1.26-4.32 mSy).Conclusion In selected patients, DSCT coronary angiography in the SAS mode have good image quality, which allows for the accurate diagnosis of coronary stenosis at a low radiation dose.     

双源CT前瞻性心电门控序列扫描冠状动脉成像准确性的多中心研究

Objective To investigate the accuracy of low-dose dual-source computed tomography (DSCT) coronary angiography in the step-and-shoot (SAS) mode for the diagnosis of coronary artery stenosis in comparison with conventional coronary angingraphy (CCA).Methods Prospective multiple-center study, 46 patients[mean age(58±9) years;bedy mass index(BMI) (25±3) kg/m2]underwent both DSCT in the SAS mode and CCA within 14 days.The inclusion criteria for contrast-enhanced CT: (1) heart rate less than 65 times/rain (bpm).(2) regular sinus rhythm, heart rate fluctuations within the range of 6 bpm. (3) holding breath well, breath-hold time is about 12-15 s.The exclusion criteria:(1) allergy to iodinecontaining contrast medium, nephropathy (serum creatinine level 120 μmol/L), heart failure and serious arrhythmias.(2) patients with coronary stents or bypass grafts.(3) heart rate can not be controlled very well (4)the patient could not take nitroglycerin.(5)BMI 30 kg/m2.(6) other heart disease: carcliomyopathy, valvular disease etc.Sensitivity, specificity, negative (NPV) and positive predictive value (PPV) were determined with CCA as standard of reference.The Kappa value between the two modalities and the two observers was calculated.Radiation dose values were measured.Results Mean heart rate during scanning was (61±6)bpm.99.19% (614/619) coronary segments were depicted with a diagnostic image quality. The vessel-based sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV for the diagnosis of coronary artery stenosis were 96.2% (75/78), 88.2% (60/68), 90.4% (75/83), and 95.2% (60/63), respectively.The Kappa value between the two modalities was 0.848 (P=0.000).The mean effective dose of the SAS-CTCA was (2.95± 0.96) rosy(1.26-4.32 mSy).Conclusion In selected patients, DSCT coronary angiography in the SAS mode have good image quality, which allows for the accurate diagnosis of coronary stenosis at a low radiation dose.     

双源CT前瞻性心电门控序列扫描冠状动脉成像准确性的多中心研究

Objective To investigate the accuracy of low-dose dual-source computed tomography (DSCT) coronary angiography in the step-and-shoot (SAS) mode for the diagnosis of coronary artery stenosis in comparison with conventional coronary angingraphy (CCA).Methods Prospective multiple-center study, 46 patients[mean age(58±9) years;bedy mass index(BMI) (25±3) kg/m2]underwent both DSCT in the SAS mode and CCA within 14 days.The inclusion criteria for contrast-enhanced CT: (1) heart rate less than 65 times/rain (bpm).(2) regular sinus rhythm, heart rate fluctuations within the range of 6 bpm. (3) holding breath well, breath-hold time is about 12-15 s.The exclusion criteria:(1) allergy to iodinecontaining contrast medium, nephropathy (serum creatinine level 120 μmol/L), heart failure and serious arrhythmias.(2) patients with coronary stents or bypass grafts.(3) heart rate can not be controlled very well (4)the patient could not take nitroglycerin.(5)BMI 30 kg/m2.(6) other heart disease: carcliomyopathy, valvular disease etc.Sensitivity, specificity, negative (NPV) and positive predictive value (PPV) were determined with CCA as standard of reference.The Kappa value between the two modalities and the two observers was calculated.Radiation dose values were measured.Results Mean heart rate during scanning was (61±6)bpm.99.19% (614/619) coronary segments were depicted with a diagnostic image quality. The vessel-based sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV for the diagnosis of coronary artery stenosis were 96.2% (75/78), 88.2% (60/68), 90.4% (75/83), and 95.2% (60/63), respectively.The Kappa value between the two modalities was 0.848 (P=0.000).The mean effective dose of the SAS-CTCA was (2.95± 0.96) rosy(1.26-4.32 mSy).Conclusion In selected patients, DSCT coronary angiography in the SAS mode have good image quality, which allows for the accurate diagnosis of coronary stenosis at a low radiation dose.     

双源CT前瞻性心电门控序列扫描冠状动脉成像准确性的多中心研究

Objective To investigate the accuracy of low-dose dual-source computed tomography (DSCT) coronary angiography in the step-and-shoot (SAS) mode for the diagnosis of coronary artery stenosis in comparison with conventional coronary angingraphy (CCA).Methods Prospective multiple-center study, 46 patients[mean age(58±9) years;bedy mass index(BMI) (25±3) kg/m2]underwent both DSCT in the SAS mode and CCA within 14 days.The inclusion criteria for contrast-enhanced CT: (1) heart rate less than 65 times/rain (bpm).(2) regular sinus rhythm, heart rate fluctuations within the range of 6 bpm. (3) holding breath well, breath-hold time is about 12-15 s.The exclusion criteria:(1) allergy to iodinecontaining contrast medium, nephropathy (serum creatinine level 120 μmol/L), heart failure and serious arrhythmias.(2) patients with coronary stents or bypass grafts.(3) heart rate can not be controlled very well (4)the patient could not take nitroglycerin.(5)BMI 30 kg/m2.(6) other heart disease: carcliomyopathy, valvular disease etc.Sensitivity, specificity, negative (NPV) and positive predictive value (PPV) were determined with CCA as standard of reference.The Kappa value between the two modalities and the two observers was calculated.Radiation dose values were measured.Results Mean heart rate during scanning was (61±6)bpm.99.19% (614/619) coronary segments were depicted with a diagnostic image quality. The vessel-based sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV for the diagnosis of coronary artery stenosis were 96.2% (75/78), 88.2% (60/68), 90.4% (75/83), and 95.2% (60/63), respectively.The Kappa value between the two modalities was 0.848 (P=0.000).The mean effective dose of the SAS-CTCA was (2.95± 0.96) rosy(1.26-4.32 mSy).Conclusion In selected patients, DSCT coronary angiography in the SAS mode have good image quality, which allows for the accurate diagnosis of coronary stenosis at a low radiation dose.     

双源CT前瞻性心电门控序列扫描冠状动脉成像准确性的多中心研究

Objective To investigate the accuracy of low-dose dual-source computed tomography (DSCT) coronary angiography in the step-and-shoot (SAS) mode for the diagnosis of coronary artery stenosis in comparison with conventional coronary angingraphy (CCA).Methods Prospective multiple-center study, 46 patients[mean age(58±9) years;bedy mass index(BMI) (25±3) kg/m2]underwent both DSCT in the SAS mode and CCA within 14 days.The inclusion criteria for contrast-enhanced CT: (1) heart rate less than 65 times/rain (bpm).(2) regular sinus rhythm, heart rate fluctuations within the range of 6 bpm. (3) holding breath well, breath-hold time is about 12-15 s.The exclusion criteria:(1) allergy to iodinecontaining contrast medium, nephropathy (serum creatinine level 120 μmol/L), heart failure and serious arrhythmias.(2) patients with coronary stents or bypass grafts.(3) heart rate can not be controlled very well (4)the patient could not take nitroglycerin.(5)BMI 30 kg/m2.(6) other heart disease: carcliomyopathy, valvular disease etc.Sensitivity, specificity, negative (NPV) and positive predictive value (PPV) were determined with CCA as standard of reference.The Kappa value between the two modalities and the two observers was calculated.Radiation dose values were measured.Results Mean heart rate during scanning was (61±6)bpm.99.19% (614/619) coronary segments were depicted with a diagnostic image quality. The vessel-based sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV for the diagnosis of coronary artery stenosis were 96.2% (75/78), 88.2% (60/68), 90.4% (75/83), and 95.2% (60/63), respectively.The Kappa value between the two modalities was 0.848 (P=0.000).The mean effective dose of the SAS-CTCA was (2.95± 0.96) rosy(1.26-4.32 mSy).Conclusion In selected patients, DSCT coronary angiography in the SAS mode have good image quality, which allows for the accurate diagnosis of coronary stenosis at a low radiation dose.