无输血肝移植手术4例

我中心近期连续成功完成4例无输血肝移植手术,现报告如下。 1 临床资料 [例1]男,55岁,乙肝病史17年。术前诊断:原发性肝癌,乙肝肝硬化;多发性肝囊肿,脾大。[例2]男,46岁,乙肝病史13年。术前诊断:原发性肝癌,乙肝肝硬化,脾大。[例 3]男,51岁,乙肝病史16年。术前诊断:原发性肝癌,乙肝     

肝移植术后限制与开放性输血的随机对照研究

目的探讨限制性输血与开放性输血对肝移植术后无活动性出血病人的影响。方法将中山大学附属第一医院2004年7月至2007年1月收治的226例血红蛋白<90g/L的肝移植术后无活动性出血的病人随机分为两组,一组为限制性输血组112例(血红蛋白维持在70~90g/L),另一组为开放性输血组114例(血红蛋白维持在100~120g/L)。比较两组病人30d病死率、入住ICU的时间、机械通气的时间和输血量的差异。结果ICU入住时间(2.5d vs 2.3d)、30d病死率(2.7% vs 3.5%)、术后肝功能恢复差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。限制组机械通气时间为(8.5±3.3)h,开放组为(9.1±4.2)h,(P>0.05)。30d内并发症发生率差异也无显著性意义。结论对于肝移植术后无活动性出血病人,限制性输血是一种有效、安全的策略。     

36例自体肝移植的临床疗效

目的 探讨自体肝移植治疗常规手术难以切除的肝脏占位性病变的临床价值.方法 回顾性分析2005年5月至2011年12月武汉大学中南医院收治的36例自体肝移植患者的临床资料,分析患者术前评估情况,术中情况和术后情况.采用门诊或电话方式随访,随访时间截止2013年3月.Kaplan-Meier 法绘制生存曲线.结果 36例患者术前肝功能Child-Pugh分级,A级34例、B级2例.HBsAg阳性20例、阴性16例.36例患者均施行了半离体自体肝移植,手术时间为(8.3±1.5)h,无肝期为(245±12) min,术中中位出血量为600 ml,其中2例在开放肝脏血流后并发严重心律失常,其余患者手术顺利.术后肝功能恢复时间为(10±5)d.中位住院时间为28.5 d,术后中位住院时间为24.0 d.ALT、AST、TBil达峰值时间分别为(1.7±0.8)d、(1.3±0.6)d和(2.5±1.4)d.术后34例患者获得随访,随访率为94.4％(34/36),中位随访时间为4年.13例良性疾病患者,1例侵犯肝门部胆管及胆总管包虫病患者术后5个月复发,经RFA治疗后带病生存.20例肝癌患者术后肿瘤复发转移9例,其中1例失访,7例死亡,1例已生存5.4年.2例右肾癌癌栓蔓延至肝静脉出口平面患者,1例失访,1例已生存4.4年.1例胰腺癌肝转移术后复发患者,术后5个月肝脏转移瘤复发.36例患者自体肝移植术后1、2、3年生存率分别为75％、71％、68％,其中恶性肿瘤患者术后1、2、3年生存率分别为65％、59％、54％.结论 自体肝移植患者经过完善的术前评估、严格筛选手术适应证、充分的术前准备、改进的手术技术和肝脏灌注方法,可获得较好的手术效果,术后得以长期生存.     

回收式自体输血的研究进展

术中回收式白体输血经一个多世纪,目前再次引起临床重视。就其方法、优点适应证、禁忌证、回收血的特点以及对机体免疫功能、凝血功能的影响作一综述。     

术中回收式自体输血的应用

术中回收式自体输血,即回收病人的出血,经过滤或进一步加工回输给病人,属于自体输血的范畴。本文综述了 术中回收式自体输血的研究概况及临床应用。     

减少肝移植围手术期输血相关策略的研究进展

肝移植手术一直存在大量失血和输血的问题。在过去的二十年中,随着肝移植技术的不断成熟,围手术期输血量急剧减少,无输血肝移植成为现实。由于出血和输血都与肝移植的不良预后相关,减少出血和不必要的输血成为了肝移植围手术期的关键目标。本文总结了肝移植围手术期异体输血的不良影响、终末期肝病患者的凝血功能监测、肝移植受者的输血管理以及减少肝移植围手术期输血的策略,旨在为减少肝移植围手术期的输血需求提供参考。     

回收式自体输血在嗜铬细胞瘤手术中的应用

随着外科手术的不断发展,血源紧张、医疗用血长期供不应求的矛盾日益尖锐.由异体输血引起的传染性乙肝、丙肝、梅毒、艾滋病等的传播,免疫抑制和移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)的产生,即便是经现代技术正规检验的血液,仍不能完全避免上述疾病发生的可能性[1].大量实践证明,自体输血在解决血源紧张和减少输血传染病、输血并发症方面具有突出的优越性,我科1999年2月～2003年5月,在12例嗜铬细胞瘤患者手术中采用术中回收式自体输血技术,取得了良好的结果,现报告如下.……     

颅颌面畸形矫形术中回收式自体输血患者异体输血合理性研究及大量输血预防性护理效果

目的 了解颅颌面畸形矫形术中接受回收式自体输血患者异体红细胞输注情况,评价异体输血合理性;研究不合理输血危险因素;建立此类手术中合理异体红细胞输血决策模型;评价大量输血预防性护理措施效果。方法以接受颅颌面畸形大型矫形术并接受回收式自体输血的患者为研究对象,评估术中回收的自体血输注完毕后患者的理论血红蛋白值,将大于100 g/L还接受异体红细胞输注的情况定义为不合理输血。比较不合理输血患者与合理输血患者各项临床指标差异,通过回归模型研究不合理输血相关危险因素。应用人工智能神经网络算法建立此类手术合理异体红细胞输血决策模型。通过回顾围术期输血不良反应评价大量输血预防性护理措施效果。结果 本研究共纳入术中回收式自体输血患者63名,其中异体红细胞输注率为96.83%(61/63),异体红细胞不合理输注率为36.07%(22/61)。回归模型未发现导致不合理输血的相对独立危险因素。合理异体红细胞输血决策模型ROC曲线下面积接近100%。此类手术中使用大量输血预防性护理措施后未发现输血相关严重并发症。结论 颅颌面畸形矫形术中回收式自体输血患者不合理异体红细胞输注现象较严重;建议术中根据出血量及自体...     

无肝期控制输血量改善猪背驮式原位肝移植门静脉淤血

目的 探讨输血量对背驮式原位肝移植（ＰＢＯＬＴ）无肝期门静脉淤血的影响。方法 对１６头猪施行ＰＢＯＬＴ,分别观察非控制输血组（Ａ组,ｎ＝８）和控制输血组（Ｂ组,ｎ＝８）在无肝前期、无肝期和恢复门静脉血流后的平均动脉压（ＭＡＰ）、中心静脉压（ＣＶＰ）、心率（ＨＲ）及血生化指标。结果 无肝期两个组的ＣＶＰ及ＨＲ的差异无显著性,而Ａ组的ＭＡＰ则明显低于Ｂ组（Ｐ〈０．０１）;在恢复门静脉血液后Ａ组的ＭＡＰ     

术中回收式自体输血的应用

术中回收式自体输血、即回收病人的出血，经过滤或进一步加工回输给病，属于自体输血的范畴。本文综述了术中回收式自体输血的研究概况及临床应用。     

儿童活体肝移植术中大量输血的危险因素

目的:筛选儿童活体肝移植术中大量输血的危险因素。方法:回顾性收集2006年4月至2019年4月本院活体肝移植患儿病历资料。大量输血定义为术中红细胞输注总量大于自身1倍总循环血容量(70 ml/kg)。根据术中输血量,将患儿分为大量输血组和非大量输血组。采用二元logistic回归分析筛选危险因素。结果:共纳入患儿95例...     

Rh(D)阴性血型病人剖宫产术中成分式自体输血的安全性

目的 评价Rh(D)阴性血型病人剖宫产术中成分式自体输血的安全性.方法 拟行剖宫产术的Rh(D)阴性血型病人30例,年龄20～35岁,体重50～80 kg,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级.静脉输注乳酸钠林格氏液7 ml/kg后经桡动脉采血,采血速率60～80 ml/min,采血同时静脉输注与采血等速率的6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4.采集的自体血经2个循环的直接法分离为富含血小板血浆、贫血小板血浆和浓缩红细胞,每个循环以分离出红细胞后15 s时停止采血.出血量≥全身血容量的20%时立即回输自体血;出血量<全身血容量20%者,在缝合子宫后回输,依次回输富含血小板血浆、输贫血小板血浆和输浓缩红细胞.监测母体生命体征指标和胎儿心率.记录自体血采集过程中低血压和心动过速的发生情况.分别于采血前(基础状态)、采血结束时、自体血回输前和术后24 h时采集外周静脉血样,测定Hb、Hct、Plt、PT、APTT、INR和Fib.胎儿娩出后采集脐动脉血样,进行血气分析.于胎儿娩出后1、5min时行Apgar评分.记录术中出血量和异体输血情况.结果 自体血采集过程中未见低血压和心动过速的发生,胎儿HR维持在正常范围.与基础状态比较,其他时点SpO2、Hb、Hct、Plt、PT、APTT、INR和Fib差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).脐动脉血pH值、BE和乳酸浓度均在正常范围内.胎儿娩出后1、5 min时Apgar评分分别为(9.0±0.8)、(9.2±0.8)分;术中出血量(405±28)ml,所有病人未输注异体血.结论 Rh(D)阴性血型病人剖宫产术中成分式自体输血的安全性良好.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the safety of autologous blood component transfusion during cesarean section in patients with Rh (D)-negative blood group.Methods Thirty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of Rh (D)-negative blood group, aged 20-35 yr, weighing 50-80 kg, undergoing elective cesarean section, were enrolled in this study.After lactated Ringer' s solution 7 ml/kg was infused, blood was obtained from radial artery at a rate of 60-80ml/min, and blood volume was maintained by simultaneous infusion of 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 at the same rate. The collected blood was subjected to two cycles of autologous blood component separation. Blood collecting during each cycle was stopped 15 s after red blood cells were separated. The autologous blood was infused when the blood loss≥20% of blood volume. The autologous blood was infused after suture of the uterus when the blood loss < 20% of blood volume. The parameters of maternal vital signs and fetal heart rate were monitored. Hypotension and tachycardia were recorded during autologous blood collecting. SpO2 was monitored routinely. Venous blood samples were taken before blood collecting (baseline), at the end of blood collecting, before autologous blood transfusion, 24 h after operation for determination of Hb, Hct, Plt, PT, APTT, INR and Fib. Umbilical arterial blood samples were obtained after delivery for blood gas analysis. Apgar score was recorded at 1 and 5 min after birth. Blood loss and allogeneic blood transfusion were also recorded. Results No hypotension and tachycardia occurred during the process of blood collecting and the fetal heart rate was within the normal range. Compared with the baseline value, there were no significant differences in SpO2 , Hb, Hct, Plt, PT, APTT, INR and FIB value at the other time points. The pH value and concentrations of base excess and lactate were within the normal range.The Apgar score was (9.0 ±0.8) and (9.2 ± 0.8) at 1 and 5 min after birth respectively. The blood loss during operation was (405 ± 28) ml and no patients received homologous blood transfusion. Conclusion The safety of autologous blood component transfusion is good during cesarean section in Rh (D)-negative blood group patients.     

回收式自体输血在骨科手术中的应用

目的 探讨自体血回输在骨科手术中的应用。方法应用全自动血液回收机，收集手术野出血，经处理后回输给患者。结果应用自体血回收，使75．8％的患者避免了术中、术后异体血的输入，术后血液检测及凝血功能指标正常。结论自体血回输可使需输血的骨科手术患者避免了异体输血带来的潜在危险，节约了血资源。     

Rh(D)阴性血型病人剖宫产术中成分式自体输血的安全性

Objective To investigate the safety of autologous blood component transfusion during cesarean section in patients with Rh (D)-negative blood group.Methods Thirty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of Rh (D)-negative blood group, aged 20-35 yr, weighing 50-80 kg, undergoing elective cesarean section, were enrolled in this study.After lactated Ringer' s solution 7 ml/kg was infused, blood was obtained from radial artery at a rate of 60-80ml/min, and blood volume was maintained by simultaneous infusion of 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 at the same rate. The collected blood was subjected to two cycles of autologous blood component separation. Blood collecting during each cycle was stopped 15 s after red blood cells were separated. The autologous blood was infused when the blood loss≥20% of blood volume. The autologous blood was infused after suture of the uterus when the blood loss < 20% of blood volume. The parameters of maternal vital signs and fetal heart rate were monitored. Hypotension and tachycardia were recorded during autologous blood collecting. SpO2 was monitored routinely. Venous blood samples were taken before blood collecting (baseline), at the end of blood collecting, before autologous blood transfusion, 24 h after operation for determination of Hb, Hct, Plt, PT, APTT, INR and Fib. Umbilical arterial blood samples were obtained after delivery for blood gas analysis. Apgar score was recorded at 1 and 5 min after birth. Blood loss and allogeneic blood transfusion were also recorded. Results No hypotension and tachycardia occurred during the process of blood collecting and the fetal heart rate was within the normal range. Compared with the baseline value, there were no significant differences in SpO2 , Hb, Hct, Plt, PT, APTT, INR and FIB value at the other time points. The pH value and concentrations of base excess and lactate were within the normal range.The Apgar score was (9.0 ±0.8) and (9.2 ± 0.8) at 1 and 5 min after birth respectively. The blood loss during operation was (405 ± 28) ml and no patients received homologous blood transfusion. Conclusion The safety of autologous blood component transfusion is good during cesarean section in Rh (D)-negative blood group patients.     

Rh(D)阴性血型病人剖宫产术中成分式自体输血的安全性

Objective To investigate the safety of autologous blood component transfusion during cesarean section in patients with Rh (D)-negative blood group.Methods Thirty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of Rh (D)-negative blood group, aged 20-35 yr, weighing 50-80 kg, undergoing elective cesarean section, were enrolled in this study.After lactated Ringer' s solution 7 ml/kg was infused, blood was obtained from radial artery at a rate of 60-80ml/min, and blood volume was maintained by simultaneous infusion of 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 at the same rate. The collected blood was subjected to two cycles of autologous blood component separation. Blood collecting during each cycle was stopped 15 s after red blood cells were separated. The autologous blood was infused when the blood loss≥20% of blood volume. The autologous blood was infused after suture of the uterus when the blood loss < 20% of blood volume. The parameters of maternal vital signs and fetal heart rate were monitored. Hypotension and tachycardia were recorded during autologous blood collecting. SpO2 was monitored routinely. Venous blood samples were taken before blood collecting (baseline), at the end of blood collecting, before autologous blood transfusion, 24 h after operation for determination of Hb, Hct, Plt, PT, APTT, INR and Fib. Umbilical arterial blood samples were obtained after delivery for blood gas analysis. Apgar score was recorded at 1 and 5 min after birth. Blood loss and allogeneic blood transfusion were also recorded. Results No hypotension and tachycardia occurred during the process of blood collecting and the fetal heart rate was within the normal range. Compared with the baseline value, there were no significant differences in SpO2 , Hb, Hct, Plt, PT, APTT, INR and FIB value at the other time points. The pH value and concentrations of base excess and lactate were within the normal range.The Apgar score was (9.0 ±0.8) and (9.2 ± 0.8) at 1 and 5 min after birth respectively. The blood loss during operation was (405 ± 28) ml and no patients received homologous blood transfusion. Conclusion The safety of autologous blood component transfusion is good during cesarean section in Rh (D)-negative blood group patients.     

肝移植术麻醉中自体血液回输技术的应用

目的 探讨肝移植术中应用自体血液同输技术的安伞性和效果.方法 选择行原化肝移植术患者46例,根据是否符合自体血回输标准分为两组:回输组和对照组,每组23例.回输组术中应用自体血液回收机进行血液收集、回输,观察其效果.分别于麻醉前、无肝前期、无肝期、新肝期、术毕等时点采血样,测定红细胞汁数(RBC)、血红蛋白(Hb)、血小板(Plt)、血细胞比容(Hct)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血酶时间(APTT)、纤维蛋白原含量(FIB)及国际标准化比值(INR).结果 回输组每例回输自体血(2 613±1 637)ml,输入异体浓缩红细胞量显著少于对照组(P＜0.01),两组间各时点RBC、Hb,Plt、Hct、PT、APTT、FIB、INR差异无统计学意义.结论 肝移植术中应用自体血液叫输技术能及时回收失血,维持有效循环,显著减少异体血输入.     

肝移植术中大量输血的影响因素分析及预测模型构建

目的探讨肝脏移植术中大量输血的影响因素,并建立大量输血的预测模型。方法回顾性分析南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院2018年度肝脏外科同一肝移植小组进行的103例肝移植受者资料,根据受者术中红细胞输注量分为大量输血组(≥12 U)40例和非大量输血组(<12 U)63例,比较分析两组受者的一般情况和术前指标,用Logistic回归分析法得出肝移植术中大量输血的预测模型。结果大量输血组和非大量输血组在性别、年龄、血型等方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而术前诊断、血红蛋白(Hb)、血细胞比容(HCT)、血小板计数(PLT)、国际标准化比值(INR)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、部分活化凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、血清总胆红素(TBIL)、血清直接胆红素(DBIL)、终末期肝病模型(MELD)评分等指标与术中大量输血存在相关性(P<0.05)。通过Logistic回归分析,得出肝移植术中大量输血的预测模型为Y=3.545-0.112×HCT-0.009×PLT+0.005×DBIL。其预测值经受试者操作特征曲线曲线分析得出曲线下面积为0.813,灵敏度和特异度分别为80.0%和71.4%,约登指数(Youden's index)为0.514,即Y≥0.514时则可能发生术中大量输血。结论肝移植受者术前HCT、PLT和DBIL可以作为术中大量输血的独立预测因素,其预测模型有较好的灵敏度和特异度。     

恶性肿瘤病人自体输血的研究现状

自体输血用于恶性肿瘤病人的安全性、实用性已得到进一步的确立,实验和临床研究均表明自体输血可能会成为恶性肿瘤病人的主要输血方式。本文对自体输血在恶性肿瘤病人方面应用的研究现状进行综述。     

肝移植术患者术中大量输血的危险因素分析

目的 通过对肝移植受体大样本资料的回顾分析,寻找与围术期大量输血有关的危险因素,建立适合国内患者的风险模型.方法 回顾性分析北京大学人民医院2004年7月至2009年2月的263例肝移植受体的临床资料.以术中红细胞输入量是否≥12 U将患者分为两组,比较两组患者术前变量的差异,并对其与术中大量输血之间的关系进行Logistic回归分析.结果 既往上腹部手术史、大量腹水、血清总胆红素、血小板计数(Plt)和红细胞压积(Hct)与术中大量输血存在相关性(P<0.10).成人终末期肝病(ELSD)肝移植术中大量输血发生的预测模型(PSMT)为y=2.591+1.484×上腹部手术史+0.457×大量腹水+0.002×血清总胆红素值-0.004×Plt-0.058×Hct.结论 既往有上腹部手术史、腹水≥20 ml/kg、血清总胆红素升高、Pit和Hct降低是引起术中大量输血的危险因素.     

自体肝移植的技术要点及现状

自体肝移植将肝脏移植技术和器官保存技术充分应用到肝脏外科,为不能常规手术切除的肝脏占位性病灶或严重肝脏外伤患者提供了手术治愈的可能,也为缓解目前供肝短缺开辟了新的途径。本文就自体肝移植的发展概况、技术要点、该术式的优点及进一步发展所急需解决的问题等作一简单介绍。