心理性勃起功能障碍的下丘脑PET研究

目的:研究心理性勃起功能障碍(ED)患者下丘脑代谢的改变,以期为心理性ED可能存在的潜在病因和病理生理机制的探讨提供线索。方法:运用正电子发射断层成像(PET)研究6例心理性ED患者和4例年龄匹配的健康志愿者双侧下丘脑的葡萄糖代谢特点,给予视听性刺激,测定脑组织中18F脱氧葡萄糖(18F-FDG)放射强度,计算单位像素内左(右)丘脑计数/全脑总计数。结果:接受视听性刺激后,健康志愿者双侧下丘脑的18F-FDG代谢明显增高(左:1.026±0.115vs2.400±0.210;右:1.003±0.187vs2.389±0.196;P<0.05),而心理性ED患者双侧下丘脑的18F-FDG代谢变化不明显(左:2.781±0.156vs2.769±0.223;右:2.809±0.129vs2.793±0.217,P>0.05)。结论:心理性ED可能不单纯是功能性疾病,下丘脑可能参与了心理性ED的病理生理过程。     

颈髓急性损伤后的磁共振波谱评价

目的:探讨颈髓急性损伤后磁共振波谱(1H-MRS)的诊断价值。方法:对19例急性颈髓损伤患者根据神经功能分为完全性损伤及不全性损伤两组,选取创区与创区头侧远端颈髓行1H-MRS,半定量分析氮-乙酰门冬氨酸(NAA)、胆碱(Cho)、肌酸(Cr)和乳酸(Lac)含量的比值。结果:颈髓完全性损伤组中NAA/Cho、NAA/Cr显著减低,Lac/Cho显著增高,其创区头侧远端Lac/Cho含量也增高(P<0.05);不完全损伤组中仅Lac/Cho含量增加,头侧远端乳酸含量亦增高(P<0.05)。颈髓损伤不同程度组间NAA/Cho、NAA/Cr有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:1H-MRS所测NAA/Cho、NAA/Cr从代谢水平反映颈髓损伤的不同程度,创区头侧远端Lac/Cho比值增高提示颈髓隐匿损伤的存在。     

1H-MRS检测正常中老年人纹状体和黑质代谢功能

目的探讨中老年人纹状体和黑质1 H-MRS各参数值正常参考范围。方法纳入健康中老年志愿者32名,采用单体素PRESS序列对纹状体、多体素PRESS序列对黑质进行1 H-MRS扫描,分析N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)、胆碱(Cho)和肌酸(Cr)含量及各参数比值。结果左右侧纹状体和黑质NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr、NAA/Cho、NAA/(Cho+Cr)差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05)。综合两侧结果,纹状体NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr、NAA/Cho、NAA/(Cho+Cr)均值及95%CI分别为1.39(1.33~1.45)、0.90(0.86~0.94)、1.58(1.50~1.66)、0.73(0.70~0.76);黑质上述比值均值及95%CI分别为2.36(1.85~2.87)、1.38(1.12~1.65)、1.70(1.59~1.81)、0.93(0.86~1.00);纹状体及黑质中NAA/(Cho+Cr)比值均最稳定。结论正常中老年人黑质和纹状体1 H-MRS各参数中,NAA/(Cho+Cr)比值最稳定,可为研究累及黑质和纹状体区域的疾病提供正常参照。     

SWI联合~1HMRS在弥漫性轴索损伤病情评估中的应用

目的探讨磁敏感加强成像(Susceptibility weighted imaging,SWI)联合氢质子MR波谱分析(~1HMRS)在弥漫性轴索损伤(Diffuse axonal injury,DAI)病情评估中的应用价值。方法20例临床诊断DAI患者为实验组,10例健康志愿者为对照组。分析实验组SWI序列中病灶的部位及与GCS评分的关系;~1HMRS各参数与对照组的差异、MRS各参数在GCS评分轻中重组间的差异以及GCS评分与MRS各参数的相关关系。结果 DAI患者NAA降低、NAA/Cr降低、Cho升高、Cho/Cr升高,NAA、Cho、NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr在轻中重3组间差异有统计学意义,Cho、Cho/Cr与GCS评分呈负相关,NAA、NAA/Cr与GCS评分无相关。结论 SWI联合~1HMRS既可以检测出血的病灶,又可以检测常规MRI表现正常而代谢异常的区域,两者互补能更好地判断损伤部位和损伤程度,从而更加准确地评估病情。     

磁共振氢质子波谱扫描代谢物相对浓度鉴别软组织肿瘤良恶性

【摘要】目的：探讨磁共振氢质子波谱成像在软组织肿瘤定性诊断中的应用价值。方法：研究均经手术及病理证实的12例良性和10例恶性软组织肿瘤,对照分析良、恶性软组织肿瘤1H-MRS代谢物浓度及比值。结果：①恶性软组织肿瘤代谢物浓度Cho/Cr比值为(3.72?.76),良性肿瘤代谢物浓度Cho/Cr比值为(0.88?.53),两者Cho/Cr之间的比值差异有显著性（P〈0.01）。②良性软组织肿瘤代谢物浓度Cho与Cr值及Cr与NAA值之间的差异有显著性（r=0.884,P<0.01; r=0.822,P<0.001）;良性肿瘤代谢物浓度Cho与NAA值、Cho与LL值、Cr与LL值及NAA值与LL值之间的差异无显著性(P>0.05)。③恶性软组织肿瘤代谢物浓度Cr与NAA值之间的差异有显著性（r=0.952,P<0.01）;恶性肿瘤代谢物浓度Cho与Cr值、Cho与NAA值、Cho与LL值及Cr与LL值之间的差异无显著性 (P>0.05)。结论： Cho/Cr比值可作为软组织肿瘤良、恶性鉴别诊断的重要依据。Cho/Cr比值升高提示软组织肿瘤为恶性可能性大;Cho/Cr比值降低提示软组织肿瘤为良性可能性大.     

磁共振氢质子波谱鉴别软组织肿瘤良恶性的价值

目的探讨1H-MRS在软组织肿瘤定性诊断中的应用价值。方法收集经手术及病理证实的12例良性和10例恶性软组织肿瘤患者,分析其1H-MRS各代谢物浓度比值（Cho/Cr、Cho/NAA、Cr/NAA）及其相关性。结果①恶性和良性软组织肿瘤Cho/Cr比值分别为3.72±2.76、0.88±0.53,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,Cho/NAA和Cr/NAA差异均无统计学意义（P均〉0.05）。②良性软组织肿瘤Cr浓度与Cho及NAA浓度均呈正相关（r=0.884、0.822,P均〈0.01）,其余代谢物浓度间均无相关性（P均〉0.05）。③恶性软组织肿瘤Cr浓度与NAA浓度呈正相关（r=0.952,P〈0.001）,其余代谢物浓度间均无相关性（P均〉0.05）。结论 Cho/Cr比值可作为良、恶性软组织肿瘤鉴别诊断的重要依据。Cho/Cr比值升高提示软组织肿瘤为恶性可能性大;Cho/Cr比值降低提示软组织肿瘤为良性可能性大。     

异丙酚对健康志愿者不同脑区神经递质水平的影响

目的评价异丙酚对健康志愿者不同脑区神经递质水平的影响,探讨异丙酚的全麻机制。方法健康志愿者10名,应用磁共振波谱分析(1H-MRS)技术,分别在清醒状态下行MRS扫描, 作为自身对照波谱;然后靶控输注异丙酚,效应室浓度达3．0μg·ml-1时进行第二次MRS扫描,采集波谱。MRS扫描采用点解析波谱序列(PRESS)。扫描选择的感兴趣区(VOI)包括皮层运动区、皮层感觉区、丘脑、海马和基底节区。以各波谱峰下面积计算N-乙酰基天门冬氨酸(NAA)、谷氨酸(Glu)、γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)、胆碱类化合物(Cho)和肌酸(Cr)水平的变化。结果与清醒状态比较,异丙酚效应室浓度达3．0μg·ml-1时,丘脑和海马区NAA水平,丘脑、海马和基底节区Glu水平,皮层运动区、皮层感觉区、丘脑、海马和基底节区Cho水平降低(P<0．05);皮层运动区、皮层感觉区、丘脑、海马和基底节区GABA水平升高(P<0．05);Cr水平在上述5个区域差异无统计学意义(P>0．05)。丘脑和海马 GABA变化率大于其他部位(P<0．05或0．01)。结论异丙酚麻醉对健康志愿者不同脑区NAA、Glu、 GABA、Cho等神经递质水平均有影响,其中GABA可能在异丙酚的全麻机制中发挥较为重要作用。     

安氟醚麻醉下犬丘脑内神经递质的变化

目的探讨安氟醚麻醉时犬丘脑内各种神经递质的动态变化,揭示安氟醚麻醉中枢作用的可能机制。方法应用磁共振波谱分析(MRS)技术,选取12只犬,每只犬先后行两次MRS扫描,第一次在清醒状态下扫描作为自身对照;第二次在吸入1.0MAC安氟醚后,采集感兴趣区(ROI)丘脑区域内波谱。分析测定N乙酰基天门冬氨酸(NAA)、谷氨酸(Glu)、γ氨基丁酸(GABA)、胆碱类化合物(Cho)和肌酸(Cr)的动态变化。结果与清醒时比较,吸入1.0MAC安氟醚麻醉后,丘脑区域NAA、Glu和Cho均显著降低(P<0.05);GABA显著升高(P<0.05);Cr变化差异无显著意义。结论安氟醚麻醉对丘脑区域内NAA、Glu、GABA、Cho等神经递质均有影响,丘脑内递质的变化在安氟醚的全麻机制中发挥重要作用。     

三维1H磁共振波谱分析在前列腺癌诊断与鉴别诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨三维1H磁共振波谱分析(MRS)在前列腺癌(PCa)诊断与鉴别诊断中的应用价值.方法 采用1.5T高场强超导磁共振成像仪和直肠内线圈前列腺三维1H MRS检查前列腺疾病患者52例,其中PCa 17例、良性前列腺增生(BPH)35例,9例无泌尿系症状的志愿者作为对照组.前列腺波谱检查数据经工作站后处理得到前列腺代谢产物胆碱(Cho)、肌酸(Cr)和柠檬酸盐(Cit)的波峰谱线,以及Cho/Cit比值、(Cho+Cr)/Cit比值.结果 17例PCa患者病灶波谱分析显示Cit波峰明显降低或消失,Cho峰明显升高,Cr峰无明显变化,平均Cho/Cit比值为2.24±1.43,平均(Cho+Cr)/Cit比值为2.80±1.69.35例BPH患者病灶表现为较高的Cit峰,增生病灶区平均Cho/Cit比值为0.46±0.27,平均(Cho+Cr)/Cit比值为0.58±0.31.PCa与正常前列腺周围带、中央腺区和BPH病灶分别比较,平均Cho/Cit比值和平均(Cho+Cr)/Cit比值差异均有统计学意义.结论 PCa病灶内Cit和Cho含量出现明显变化,在波谱分析中呈现特征性波峰变化,在诊断和鉴别诊断PCa方面具有较高的诊断价值.     

雌雄激素水平对内分泌性阴茎勃起障碍患者红细胞变形能力的影响及临床意义

目的探讨雌雄激素水平对内分泌性阴茎勃起障碍(ED)患者红细胞变形能力可能产生的影响及临床意义。方法心理性ED30例及内分泌性ED15例,分析红细胞刚性指数(IR)与雌、雄激素水平的相关性。结果43例ED患者IR与雄激素水平呈负相关(r=-0.3497,P<0.05),有显著性意义:IR与雌激素水平呈负相关(r=-0.3123,P<0.05),有显著性意义。内分泌性ED组IR5.9033±1.9369较心理性ED绀4.0589±1.5533高;全血低切粘度(η10)为11.2810±1.3120.比心理性ED组9.8321±1.6415明显增高(P均<0.001)。结论内分泌性ED患者低雌、雄激素水平可导致其红细胞变形能力下降,血液粘稠性增高;及时补充雌、雄激素可能从血流动力学方面对其阴茎勃起功能的康复有促进作用。     

氢质子磁共振波谱成像联合磁敏感成像评价弥漫性轴索损伤

目的探讨评价氢质子磁共振波谱（^1H—MRS）和磁敏感成像技术（susceptibility weighted imaging,SWI）在弥漫性轴索损伤（diffuse axonal injury,DAI）的早期诊断治疗中的价值。方法选择2009年9月至2010年8月收治DAI患者24例,分别在伤后1周、1个月行^1H—MRS和SWI检查,再随机选择20例健康成年人作为对照组。比较各组胼胝体压部和基底节N一乙酰天冬氨酸（N—acetylaspartate,NAA）／肌酸和磷酸肌酸（creatine compound,Cr）、胆碱复合物（choline—containing compounds,Cho）／Cr、肌醇（mlNs）／Cr以及谷氨酸和谷氨酰胺（Glx）／Cr等指标的差异。观察T：序列对DAI组病例的检出率;SWI序列观察微出血像素数目及微出血灶检出数。结果与对照组相比,DAI伤后1周、1个月组胼胝体压部NAA／Cr、Cho／Cr、mlNs／Cr、GLx／Cr、基底节区NAA／Cr、Cho／Cr的差异有统计学意义。T2及SWI对轴索病灶的检测率明显提高。24例DAI患者均有微出血。SWI序列及T2序列在微出血像素数及微出血灶数比较差异有统计学意义。结论磁共振波谱技术可反映弥漫性轴索损伤不同时间段局部组织代谢变化,SWI则可检测到微小出血灶,两者结合可更早明确弥漫性轴素损伤的诊断。     

西地那非对夜间勃起作用的研究

目的:探讨西地那非对夜间勃起的作用。方法:对35例勃起功能障碍(ED)患者予以西地那非100 mg睡前口服,其中器质性28例,心理性7例。用尼娃(NEVA)监测夜间勃起情况。结果:28例器质性ED患者的勃起参数有明显改善(P<0.05),7例心理性ED患者无明显改善(P>0.05)。结论:在无性刺激条件下西地那非可改善器质性ED患者夜间勃起。     

肝硬化大鼠磁共振弥散成像及波谱成像相关参数与CD34、Ki67表达的相关性

目的探讨肝硬化大鼠DWI及MRS参数与CD34、Ki67表达的相关性。方法将70只大鼠随机分为模型组（n=64）和对照组（n=6）。模型组以硫代乙酰胺诱导大鼠肝硬化模型。于诱导后第8、10、11、12、13周对大鼠行肝脏DWI、MRS及免疫组织化学检查,分析不同病程大鼠肝硬化结节ADC值、指数化ADC（EADC）值、胆碱峰／肌酸峰（Cho／Cr）比值和脂质（LL）峰值与CD34和Ki67表达水平的相关性。结果随肝硬化病程延长,模型组EADC、Cho／Cr比值和LL峰值逐渐增高,ADC无明显变化。模型组CD34和Ki67表达水平高于对照组：CD34随病程延长逐渐增高,第8～12周Ki67表达无明显时间依赖性;CD34表达水平与EADC、Cho／Cr比值和LL峰值呈正相关（r=0．9、0．9、1．0,P均〈0．05）,与ADC值无相关性（P〉O．05）;Ki67表达与EADC值、Cho／Cr比值、LL峰值、ADC值均无相关性（P均〉O．05）。结论肝硬化大鼠DWI和MRS所得EADC、Cho／Cr比值及LL峰值与CD34表达呈正相关,可用以定量评估肝硬化程度。     

颈脊髓慢性压迫症的代谢组学研究

目的探讨应用磁共振波谱技术（magneticresonance spectroscopy,MRS）测量颈脊髓慢性压迫症患者脊髓代谢组改变的可行性,探讨脊髓代谢组学与脊髓功能的相关性。方法 2009年1月至2010年6月行减压手术的脊髓型颈椎病（cervical spondylotic myelopathy,CSM）患者13例作为实验组,男8例,女5例;年龄37～84岁,平均58.2岁。术前进行神经系统检查、神经功能评价（JOA评分）和MRS检查,将感兴趣区放置在脊髓受压最严重部位的相邻节段。通过MRS测得以下代谢物的浓度：氮-乙酰天门冬氨酸（NAA）、胆碱（Cho）、肌酸（Cr）、乳酸（Lac）、肌醇（Ins）、谷氨酰氨（Glx）。15名健康志愿者为正常对照组,年龄和性别与实验组无明显差异,同样用MRS测得脊髓代谢浓度。计算以下代谢浓度的比值：NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr、Lac/Cr、Ins/Cr、Glx/Cr。结果实验组的NAA/Cr和Glx/Cr比正常对照组明显降低（1.18 vs 2.58,P=0.023;0.56 vs 1.25,P=0.008）。实验组的NAA/Cr与脊髓JOA评分呈正相关。但是两组其他代谢物浓度比值如Cho/Cr,mI/Cr,Lac/Cr的差异均无统计学意义。实验组患者中有4例出现乳酸峰,而对照组中无一例出现乳酸峰。结论 MRS可以定量测量颈脊髓的代谢组学改变。慢性颈脊髓压迫症患者的NAA/Cr和Glx/Cr较健康志愿者明显降低,说明神经元和轴突的减少和损伤。NAA/Cr与脊髓功能的相关性,提示有评价脊髓功能的临床价值,但尚需大样本的研究来证实。     

The etiology of erectile dysfunction and contributing factors in different age groups in Turkey

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to determine the pathophysiological factors which cause erectile dysfunction (ED), as well as the risk factors in different age groups in Turkey. METHODS: A total of 948 patients with ED who were admitted to three andrology clinics were evaluated in terms of etiological factors. They underwent a multidisciplinary diagnostic evaluation. Erectile dysfunction was classified as primarily organic, primarily psychogenic, mixed or unknown in etiology. RESULTS: Psychogenic ED was diagnosed in 65.4% of the patients and organic ED was diagnosed in 34.6% of patients overall. In patients under 40 years, the rate of psychogenic ED was 83% and the rate of organic ED was 17%, but in the patients over 40 years, the rate of psychogenic ED was 40.7% and the rate of organic ED was 59.3%. The causes of organic ED were identified as arteriogenic ED, 40.5%; cavernosal factor (venogenic) ED, 10%; neurogenic ED, 12.5%; endocrinologic ED, 1.8%; mixed type ED, 11.8%; and drug induced ED, 4.5%. CONCLUSION: Our data represent a higher ratio of ED in patients under 40, which are mostly psychogenic, This finding potentially results from local social and cultural differences.     

Associations among magnetic resonance spectroscopy, apparent diffusion coefficients, and image-guided histopathology with special attention to radiation necrosis

OBJECTIVE: In patients with malignant glioma previously treated with surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, clinical and radiographic signs of recurrent disease often require differentiation between radiation necrosis and recurrent tumor. Published work suggests that although magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) can reliably differentiate pure tumor, pure necrosis, and spectroscopically normal tissues, it may not be particularly helpful because most patients have mixed histological findings comprised of necrosis and tumor. To improve our clinical ability to discriminate among these histological entities, we have analyzed MRS in conjunction with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) sequences derived from magnetic resonance imaging. METHODS: In 18 patients, spectroscopic and diffusion-weighted images were obtained before surgery for suspected recurrent neoplastic disease. Spectral data for pure tumor, pure necrosis, and mixed tumor and necrosis were derived from 65 spectroscopic observations in patients with previously treated gliomas (n = 16) and metastatic tumors (n = 2). Spectral data for choline (Cho), N-acetylaspartate (NAA), creatine (Cr), and lipid-lactate were analyzed separately and in conjunction with ADCs in all patients (15 observations of pure tumor, 33 observations of pure necrosis, and 13 observations of mixed tumor and necrosis). Histological specimens were obtained stereotactically at the time of surgery (<48 h after image acquisition) for recurrent disease and digitally co-registered with MRS data. RESULTS: ADC values for pure tumor, pure necrosis, and mixed tumor and necrosis were 1.30, 1.60, and 1.42, respectively. Cho/NAA less than 0.20, NAA/normal Cr greater than 1.56, and NAA/Cho greater than 1.32 increase the odds that a tissue biopsy will be pure necrosis versus mixed tumor and necrosis. Although various values of all MRS ratios analyzed may provide positive correlations for histopathological differentiation of tissue between that of pure tumor and that of pure necrosis, the addition of ADC values to only NAA/Cho and NAA/normal Cr increases the odds of correct differentiation between pure tumor and pure necrosis. The addition of ADC values does not provide additional information beyond that of MRS in distinguishing specimens of mixed tumor and necrosis from either pure tumor or pure necrosis. CONCLUSION: It has been demonstrated that MRS ratio analysis may allow for the clinical discrimination between specimens of pure tumor and pure necrosis, and the addition of ADC data into this analysis may enhance this specific differentiation. However, although a trend toward correlation between ADC values and the various histopathological features was noted, the direct addition of ADC data does not seem to allow further discrimination, beyond that provided by MRS, among specimens of mixed tumor and necrosis and either pure tumor or pure necrosis.