PET/CT系统引进与项目实施

正电子发射体层显像及X线计算机断层扫描仪(Posi-tron Emission Tomography/X-ray Computed Tomography,PET/CT)通过微量的正电子核素示踪观察和分析人体生理机能、功能代谢和形态结构,是PET与CT融合的医学分子影像设备,代表当今医学影像发展的最先进技术[1-3]。申请购置PET/CT程序严格,设备用房、安装环境及放射防护要求较高。我院2009年初PET/CT项目立项报上级批准后,     

18F-FDG PET在肿瘤诊断和治疗中的应用

正电子发射断层显像(positronemissiontomography,PET)是当今影像学领域最先进的技术之一,代表了现代核医学影像技术的最高水平。近些年,PET临床应用最重要的方面是在肿瘤学中的应用。不同于CT、MRI,PET显像是从分子水平反映肿瘤组织中的生化改变和代谢现象[1]。本文概述了近年     

PET/CT正电子心肌灌注显像剂的研究进展

正电子发射型计算机体层摄影术/计算机辅助断层(positron emission computed tomography/computed tomography,PET/CT)作为一种代谢/解剖于一身的高级显像手段,可以从分子水平无创地定量显示人体内的生理、生化过程。核心脏病学已成为放射性核素显像中一门独立的医学分支学科。早在20世纪70年代,PET显像已先后用于心肌血流灌注、心肌葡萄糖代谢、脂肪酸代谢及心脏受体功能等研究[1]。在国外,     

美国PET放射性药物的生产和质量控制管理

随着正电子发射断层 ( PET)技术在临床应用的日益推广 ,PET放射性药物研制、开发的质量控制已引起关注。为此 ,编译了美国药典第 2 3版 ( USP )收载的“放射化学自动合成仪”及其第八增补本增订的“正电子发射断层显像用放射性药物——合成”,供参考。     

~(18)F-FDG PET/CT在心肌显像中的应用进展

近年来,在北美、日本、欧洲甚至全球,发射型正电子断层-计算机断层显像(positron emission tomography/computed tomography,PET/CT)已经成为心血管领域的一项重要评估检查工具。对于临床疑似或已知的冠心病患者来说,PET心肌灌注显像是一项非常精确的诊断技术,它还可以帮助检测早期动脉粥样硬化或微血管功能障碍,甚至通过使用~(18)F-FDG(~(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose)的心肌代谢灌注成像以准确评估左心室功能不全患者心肌缺血病因的危险等级,及持续性左心室功能低下状态等等。本综述总结了目前~(18)F-FDG PET/CT在心肌显像方面的现状及未来的发展趋势,其中对临床实践过程中放射性药物的使用、冠心病的评估以及PET与其他成像方式的比较等进行了讨论。     

核医学18F-FDG PET/CT报告书写规范

随着正电子发射计算机断层显像/计算机断层显像(positron emission tomography/computed tomography, PET/CT)临床应用的增加,氟-18标记氟代脱氧葡萄糖(flurodeoxyglucose,18F-FDG)PET/CT的诊断作用得到了临床的广泛认可.18F-FDG PE...     

单光子发射断层成像与CT磁共振成像原理及其特点的比较

医学功能影像领域各种新技术层出不穷,已成为多学科交叉的研究热点。特别是CT、磁共振(MR)功能成像技术发展迅速,在中枢神经系统疾病、心血管系统疾病以及肿瘤诊断中已有较多基础和临床初步应用结果,且部分技术发展前景广阔,这对单光子发射断层成像(SPECT)、正电子发射断层显像(PET)所具有的传统优势在一定程度上带来了冲击或挑战。作为核医学工作者,应主动适应新世纪相关影像设备、技术发展带来的机遇和挑战,不断丰富和拓展核素显像在医学     

PET-CT在神经系统疾病诊断中的应用

正电子发射计算机断层(PET)脑功能的研究是探知脑功能重要手段之一,在此领域已经有了长足的进展,主要应用的方面是:脑代谢显像、脑灌注和脑血流显像、脑受体显像,其中以代谢显像应用最为广泛。特异性显像剂的开发是未来发展的方向,PET显像会在脑功能领域显示出独特的优势。多层螺旋计算机体层摄影(MSCT)的脑灌注成像为超早期诊断脑梗死和对脑肿瘤的诊断、评估及预后的监测起到了重要的作用。PET-CT联合起来必定会促进神经系统影像的发展。     

正电子图像部分容积效应成因与校正的理论探讨

部分容积效应 (PVE)是各种显像设备普遍存在的问题。在正电子发射断层显像设备 (PET、符合线路SPECT)中 ,因其显像理论及技术上的限制 ,PVE较其他显像设备 (CT、MRI)更为突出。本文对正电子图像PVE的成因与校正作一介绍。一、正电子图像的PVE“热”病灶 (大多数肿瘤显像属“热”病灶 )影像的活度值低于病灶的真实活度值 ,“冷”病灶影像的活度值高于病灶的真实活度值 ,称为PVE。物体越小PVE越明显。对一个接近显像系统空间分辨 (FWHM)大小的“热”病灶 ,其图像上测得的活度值可下降为病灶真实活度的 2 0 % ;大病灶的PVE主要…     

PET/CT图像融合精度测量方法与实现

2002年我国引进了第1台正电子发射断层成像/断层成像(PET/CT)设备,其后购买的PET设备基本都带有CT功能.现有的PET设备80%以上为PET/CT,不带CT的PET正逐步被淘汰.     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.