人参根多糖对环磷酰胺抑制免疫功能的影响

人参根多糖灌胃给药100—200mg/kg,对环磷酰胺所致小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬功能抑制、溶血素形成抑制和迟发型超敏反应抑制均有恢复正常作用。     

人参根总皂甙对荷瘤小鼠免疫功能低下的影响

小鼠右腋皮下接种EAC15d,腹腔接种EAC5～11d,可致免疫功能低下。人参总皂甙灌胃给药50mg/kg,对荷瘤所致小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬功能低下、溶血素形成减少和迟发型超敏反应降低均有一定的恢复作用。     

人参皂甙对犬心肌Na~+、K~+-ATP酶活力的影响

人参茎叶总皂甙(GNS)和人参根总皂甙(GRS)10、20和40mg/kg,显著抑制犬心肌细胞膜Na~+,K~+-ATP酶的活力;人参茎叶二醇组皂甙(PDS)和三醇组皂甙(PTS)5、10和20mg/kg,也显著抑制Na~+,K~+-ATP酶的活力。离体实验表明:GNS、GRS、PDS和PTS在0.01、0.10和1.00g/L,对犬心肌细胞膜Na~+,K~+-ATP酶的活力均具有抑制作用。提示人参的正性肌力作用可能与其对心肌Na~+,K~+-ATP酶的抑制有关。     

胎盘人参口服液的药效学试验

目的:观察一种新制剂“胎盘人参口服液的几种药效不同作用。方法:①由环磷酸胺引起的小鼠造血系统抑制模型;②小鼠碳粒廓清试验;③小鼠溶血素形成试验;④小鼠游泳试验;⑤小鼠耐缺氧试验;⑥小鼠旷野活动试验;⑦由戊巴比妥钠引起的小鼠催眠模型。结果:①胎盘人参口服液20 和10ml/kg 对小鼠由环磷酰胺引起的RBC、WBC、PLT、HGB 等的降低具有抑制作用;②胎盘人参口服液20 和10ml/kg 能增强小鼠巨嗜细胞吞噬功能;③胎盘人参口服液20 和10ml/kg 可提高小鼠血清半数溶血值;④胎盘人参口服液20 和10ml/kg 能延长小鼠游泳时间,增强抗疲劳能力;⑤胎盘人参口服液20 和10ml/kg 能延长小鼠常压缺氧时间,提高耐缺氧能力;⑥胎盘人参口服液20 和10ml/kg 可减少小鼠旷野活动次数;⑦胎盘人参口服液20 和10ml/kg 可增强戊巴比妥钠引起的小鼠催眠作用。结论:胎盘人参口服液对小鼠造血系统有促进作用,增强体液免疫和网状内皮系统功能,能增强小鼠常压耐缺氧和抗疲劳能力,提高小鼠抗应激能力,并有镇静、催眠作用     

白芍总甙对免疫应答的调节作用

白芍总甙(TGP)200mg/kg/d ig×8d对小鼠迟发型超敏反应(DH)有增强作用。TGP5mg/kg/d ip×8d(或5d)对正常小鼠DH的影响并不恒定,或呈增强或呈抑制或无明显作用;对环磷酰胺诱导的DH增强和抑制都有明显对抗作用,但对地塞米松诱导的小鼠DH抑制无明显的影响。TGP5mg/kg/d ip×4d不影响正常小鼠抗体的生成量,但能使环磷酰胺诱导免疫低下小鼠的抗体生成量恢复到正常对照水平。TGP40mg/kg/d ig×3d能促进小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬功能。上述结果表明TGP对小鼠免疫应答具有调节作用。     

绞股蓝的药理作用

绞股蓝Gynostemma.Pentaphyaum(Thunb)Makino系葫芦科绞股蓝属植物,研究表明含有80多种人参皂甙、14种氨基酸及芦丁等黄酮类化合物,对人体具有广泛的生理活性,被誉为“第二人参”、“长寿草”。 1.提高机体免疫功能。 用绞股蓝总皂甙(GPS)水溶液对使用环磷酰胺和钴60照射引起的小鼠低白细胞血症具有明显升白细胞作用。对正常动物无影响,并且在剂量150—300mg/kg之间,作用强度与剂量成正比。3—5天间升白细胞作用最明显;第七天恢复正常(1)。龚氏还发现GPS能明显地增加     

人参心血管药理研究进展

人参(Panax ginseng CA Meyer)为中医临床常用的补气药。长期以来,国内外学者对其进行了广泛的药理研究,发现其对神经系统、血液系统、消化系统、内分泌系统、免疫系统、物质代谢及泌尿生殖等系统都有调节作用,这些国内已有文献综述。近年来,人参对心血管系统的作用研究颇多,并取得了较大的成绩。本文综述人参心血管药理的研究进展。一、人参对循环系统的调节作用1.对心脏的作用早年报告人参粗制剂对离体蟾蜍心脏、在体兔、猫、犬心脏均有加强心肌收缩力的作用。近年报告人参地上部分提取物总皂甙、人参根八种三萜类单体皂甙对离体豚鼠和蟾蜍心脏也为正性肌力作用,但袁氏报道人参根总皂甙对离体蟾蜍心脏的作用为低浓度(0.18—0.72mg/ml)先抑制后兴奋,高浓度(1.44mg/ml)为抑制作用。整体实验人参总皂甙25mg/ml iv 对犬心脏泵功能指标(心脏指数、心搏指数)和心肌收缩指标(心肌收缩成份缩     

阿胶羹的药效学研究

阿胶羹2.0、4.0mg/kg能加速失血性贫血大鼠RBC的恢复,3.0、6.0mg/kg对环磷酰胺致小鼠免疫功能低下有明显的拮抗作用,6.0mg/kg能提高小鼠耐力,延长小鼠负重游泳时间,6.0mg/kg对大黄致小鼠脾虚具有一定的拮抗作用。     

云芝胞内多糖对特异性免疫功能的影响及其与免疫抑制剂合用时的免疫药理效果研究

25～50mg/kg/日的云芝胞内多糖(IPPV)对2,4-二硝基氯苯及绵羊红细胞所致小鼠迟发型超敏反应无明显影响,但可促进绵羊红细胞所致615小鼠血清溶血素抗体形成。当合并用药时,IPPV对环磷酰胺等多种免疫抑制剂所致小鼠特异性细胞免疫、体液免疫及网状内皮系统吞噬功能抑制有不同程度的拮抗作用,能使被抑制的免疫功能有所改善、恢复正常或高于正常,但IPPV对环磷酰胺、5-氟脲嘧啶的抑瘤效果却无拮抗作用。     

中国红参与高丽红参总皂甙对环磷酰胺抑制免疫功能作用的比较

中国红参总皂甙和高丽红参总皂甙对环磷酰胺所致巨噬细胞吞噬功能抑制、白细胞减少和迟发型超敏反应抑制均有对抗作用,在相同剂量下二者作用相近。两种红参总皂甙对环磷酰胺所致溶血素形成抑制亦有对抗作用,在相同剂量下中国红参总皂甙的此种作用强于高丽红参总皂(?)。     

人参根总皂甙对热应激小鼠免疫功能保护作用的机制初探

小鼠在45℃高温环境15 min.末梢血T淋巴细胞百分数和淋巴细胞占白细胞百分数均下降.血清皮质酮升高。应激前15 min lP人参根总皂甙(GRS)50、100 mg·kg~(-1)可防止末梢血T淋巴细胞百分数的降低,但不能抑制血清皮质酮的升高。GRS50mg·kg~(-1)ip可防止末梢血中淋巴细胞占白细胞百分数的降低。GRS50 mg·kg~(-1)、利血平0.5 mg·kg~(-1)或水杨酸毒扁豆碱0.3 mg·kg~(-1)ip均可消除热应激对小鼠迟发超敏反应的抑制作用。     

人参根总皂甙对效应激小鼠免疫功能的影响

小鼠在45℃高温环境下暴露15min,其网状内皮系统对碳粒的廓清作用明显降低,血清溶血素含量显著下降,绵羊红细胞(SRBC)诱发的迟发型超敏反应明显受到抑制.应激前15min人参根总皂甙(GRS)50、100 mg·kg~(-1),ip,对小鼠的免疫功能有保护作用,可使热应激小鼠网状内皮系统对碳粒的廓清作用免于下降,防止血清溶血素含量的降低,迟发超敏反应不受抑制.     

Effects of ginseng root saponins on brain monoamines and serum corticosterone in heat-stressed mice

The rectal temperature and serum corticosterone increased in mice exposed to 45 degrees C for 15 min; at the same time, the contents of brain 5-HT and NE reduced, brain DA unchanged. Ginseng root saponins (GRS) ip 200 mg/kg inhibited the increase of serum corticosterone and the decrease of brain 5-HT and NE in heat-stressed mice, but did not affect brain DA. GRS lowered mice body temperature at room temperature and inhibited the rise of body temperature under heat environmental conditions in mice. Reserpine eliminated the hypothermia of GRS at room temperature and its inhibitory effect on hyperthermia under heat-stress conditions. PCPA eliminated only the inhibition of GRS on hyperthermia under heat-stress, but had no significant effect on hypothermia at room temperature.     

Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate restores T lymphocyte proliferation, interleukin-2 production and NK activity in cyclophosphamide-immunosuppressed animals

The in vivo effect of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DTC) on IL-2 production, mitogen-induced proliferation and natural killer (NK) activity of lymphocytes from normal as well as cyclophosphamide (CY)-treated mice has been investigated. DTC was given in a single subcutaneous injection (25 mg/kg) to normal or cyclophosphamide-treated mice (250 mg/kg i.p. simultaneously to DTC). An enhancement of T lymphocyte proliferation in CY-treated animals and an increase of IL-2 production in both normal and immunosuppressed mice was observed. When DTC (10 mg/kg) was administered daily for two weeks an increase in concanavalin A-induced mitogenesis, IL-2 production and NK activity in CY-treated animals was observed. These immune parameters were reduced 12 days after CY treatment by a factor of 2 to 3 times, while DTC treatment restored these responses to normal levels. LPS-induced mitogenesis was not significantly enhanced. The effect of DTC could be partially mediated by changes in IL-2 activity. According to these results some functional parameters of the immune system of the suppressed host can be partially or completely restored by means of an appropriate immunomodulator treatment. DTC could be of interest in the treatment of diseases where immune functions are impaired or in combined treatments with immunosuppressants.     

Hypoglycemic activity of Ziziphus mauritiana aqueous ethanol seed extract in alloxan-induced diabetic mice

Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk. (Rhamnaceae) is a fruit tree that has been used as folkloric medicine for many ailments and diseases. In the present study, the hypoglycemic effect of seed extract of Ziziphus mauritiana in alloxan-induced diabetic mice was assessed. Seed extract was administered orally at doses of 100, 400, and 800?mg/kg body weight (bw) and also in combination with glyburide (800?mg/kg seed extract and 10?mg/kg glyburide) to different groups of mice (normal and alloxan-treated diabetic mice). Their blood glucose level (in acute and sub-acute study), body weight, and mortality rate were monitored. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was also performed. Oral administration of extract alone or in combination with glyburide reduced the blood glucose level in all the diabetic mice after acute and sub-acute (28 days) administration. Administration of the extract reduced the weight loss and mortality rate during the sub-acute study. The results of blood glucose level, loss in body weight, and mortality rate were more pronounced in the group treated with combination (800?mg/kg seed extract and 10?mg/kg glyburide). The extract also augmented the glucose tolerance in both normal and diabetic mice. These results suggest that the extract possesses synergistic hypoglycemic activity.     

环烯醚萜对烟酰胺-链脲霉素诱导的2型糖尿病小鼠生精功能的影响

目的:　探讨环烯醚萜对烟酰胺-链脲霉素诱导的2型糖尿病小鼠生精功能的影响。方法: 在本实验研究中,56只雄性小鼠随机分为7组(n=8)：对照组;糖尿病小鼠组;糖尿病小鼠服用格列本脲(0.25mg/kg)治疗组;糖尿病小鼠接受环烯醚萜(20和40mg/kg)治疗组;正常小鼠接受环烯醚萜(20和40mg/kg)治疗组。糖尿病模型制作：由腹腔注射链脲霉素(65mg/kg),15分钟后注射烟碱(120mg/kg)。然后,连续喂服格列本脲和环烯醚萜28天。最后一次治疗24小时后,提取血清样本、睾丸及附睾组织,测定血激素、观察睾丸病理切片、进行精子参数评估。结果: 糖尿病小鼠体重和睾丸质量,精子浓度和活力,血清LH、FSH和T水平明显下降(p < 0.05)。接受环烯醚萜治疗组小鼠前述下降的参数得到明显提升(p < 0.05)。结论: 结果表明,针对糖尿病小鼠应用环烯醚萜可降低氧化损伤的危重程度、有效提升其生育能力, 具有确切的临床应用价值。     

人参茎叶皂甙对正常和利血平化小鼠肝、肾组织的DNA,RNA及蛋白质合成的影响

本实验表明,人参茎叶皂甙(GSL)25mg/kg/日,连续灌胃给药7日,对小鼠肝肾组织 RNA 合成均有增加作用(p<0.01);GSL 25mg/kg,50mg/kg 对肝、肾组织蛋白合成亦均有增加作用(p<0.01和 p<0.05);GSL 25mg/kg,50mg/kg 对肝、肾组织 DNA 合成均无促进作用(p>0.05);GSL 对利血平化脾虚小鼠外观症状有轻度改善作用,除 GSL50mg/kg 对脾虚小鼠肝脏蛋白质合成有增加作用(p<0.05)外,其它与利血平对照组相比均无显著差异。