食管癌切除术后不同重建途径吻合口瘘的原因及预防

目的了解食管癌切除术后经不同径路重建,发生吻合口瘘的情况;探讨系统性淋巴结清扫后,经胸骨后胃代食管颈部吻合口瘘发生率较高的原因及预防方法。方法1105例行食管癌切除术的患者,229例经左胸行胸内吻合(A组),716例经右胸食管床胃代食管行颈部吻合(B组),160例予以系统性淋巴结清扫术后经胸骨后行颈部吻合(C组)。分析比较不同手术径路的3组患者术后吻合口瘘发生的情况。结果吻合口瘘发生率分别为:A组5/229(2.2%)、B组85/716(11.9%)、C组31/160(19.4%),C组吻合口瘘发生率显著高于A、B组(P<0.01和P<0.05)。比较C组不同重建方式吻合口瘘发生率显示,手工吻合与器械吻合(22.2%与11.6%,P=0.133)、全胃重建与管状胃重建(25%与15.6%,P=0.146)间吻合口瘘发生率无明显差异,而延长胃肠减压管留置时间至术后7d,吻合口瘘发生率由23.3%降至9.1%(P<0.05)。结论胸骨后胃代食管吻合口瘘发生率较高的主要原因,是前纵隔内的胃体受压、冲击吻合口所致;通过延长胃肠减压管留置时间能有效减少瘘的发生。     

切除食管癌两种消化道重建方式术后胃食管反流的对比观察

目的：探讨食管癌切除后胃经食管床和经胸作弓上吻合者术后发生胃食管反流的差别。方法：对２５例病人在术后１～３个月间进行了残留食管内的２４小时ｐＨ监测。结果：（１）两种消化道重建方式病人的ｐＨ总得分、２４小时的总反流次数、＞５分钟的反流次数、最长反流时间和ｐＨ＜４的总时间均超出正常范围。（２）将食管床组和胸内组相比较，２４小时总反流次数差异无显著性（Ｐ＞００５），而其余４项指标食管床组明显低于胸内组（Ｐ＜００５）。结论：（１）两种消化道重建方式术后均在存胃食管反流。（２）胃经食管床吻合术后的反流量和反流持续时间明显低于胃经胸弓上吻合术。（３）胃经食管床吻合病人可以获得较好的生活质量。     

胃食管吻合术后胃食管反流的研究

目的 研究食管癌和贲门癌术后不同位置的食管胃吻合口和时间因素对胃食管反流程度的影响。方法 对39例食管癌和贲门癌术后病人进行24h食管pH监测、电子胃镜检查，其中食管胃弓上吻合组（A组）21例，弓下吻合组（B组）18例。结果 （1）A组DeMeester评分和反流性食管炎评分均明显低于B组（P〈0．05）。（2）随着时间的推移A组和B组DeMeester评分无明显的改变（P〉0．05）。结论 不同位置的食管胃吻合口影响胃食管反流程度，食管胃吻合口位置越高胃食管反流和反流性食管炎程度越轻。时间因素对胃食管反流程度无明显的影响。     

食管切除术后管状胃不同上提径路的比较

目的 比较食管癌三切口手术后,管状胃经胸骨后和经食管床两种径路上提行胃食管颈部吻合的安全性和有效性.方法 回顾性分析2005年7月至2009年5月间107例行食管癌三切口手术患者的临床资料.结果 本组患者上提管状胃采用经胸骨后径路行胃食管颈部吻合者52例,经食管床径路者55例.两种径路吻合组在手术时间、术中出血量及胸管置管方面差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.胸骨后径路组的住院时间[（12.9±9.4）d]长于食管床径路组[（9.9±5.4）d,P＜0.05].两组均无围手术期死亡病例.胸骨后径路组的吻合口瘘发生率（26.9%）明显高于食管床径路组（5.5%）（P＜0.01）;两组患者肺部感染、肺不张和心律失常等心肺并发症发生率差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 经胸骨后和经食管床径路管状胃上提均为有效、安全的途径;但胸骨后径路术后吻合口瘘发生率较高.应个体化选择管状胃的上提径路.     

经食管床叠胃颈部分层斜坡吻合术

目的总结经食管床叠胃颈部分层斜坡吻合的临床经验,探讨中、上段食管癌的吻合部位及方法的改进,以减少术后并发症的发生。方法实验组采用经食管床叠胃颈部分层斜坡吻合治疗胸中、上段食管癌98例,与对照组采用单层宽边吻合术92例进行比较。结果实验组98例中,1例发生吻合口瘘,无吻合口狭窄,胃食管反流15例。对照组中5例发生吻合口瘘,4例吻合口狭窄,胃食管反流16例。结论经食管床叠胃颈部分层斜坡吻合能有效减少食管癌术后吻合口瘘、吻合口狭窄的发生,减轻胃食管反流等,提高术后生存率和病人的生活质量。     

经食管床吻合术后对残余食管的压力测定和酸碱度分析

目的探讨食管癌切除胃经食管床主动脉弓上吻合术后，食管、胃功能改变及胃食管反流的情况。方法对20例食管中段癌术后3-6个月患者（研究组）及10例正常人（对照组）采用食管胃压力测定及24h食管酸碱度（pH）监测，并对结果进行分析。结果（1）研究组各项pH监测指标均明显高于对照组（P〈0．01）。（2）胃静息压、残余食管静息压及食管上括约肌静息压研究组均高于对照组（P〈0．01）；残余食管收缩压、食管原发蠕动幅度及食管湿蠕动幅度均低于对照组（P〈0．01）；食管上括约肌关闭压高于对照组（P〈0．01）；胃、吻合口及残余食管静息压三处两两比较，差异均无统计学意义（F=3．08，P〉0．05）。结论经食管床主动脉弓上食管胃吻合术后，残余食管蠕动功能差，廓酸能力降低；吻合口处不存在高压带，普遍存在胃食管反流现象。     

经食管床胃食管吻合术后胃食管反流与胃排空的临床研究

目的 客观评价食管中段癌切除经食管床主动脉弓上胃食管吻合术对术后胃食管反流和胃排空的影响。方法 将40例食管中段癌患者随机分成两组，食管床吻合组（n=20）：采用经食管床主动脉弓上胃食管吻合术；左胸腔内吻合组（n=20）：采用经左侧胸腔主动脉弓前胃食管吻合术；另选10名无消化系统疾病的健康志愿者作为正常对照组。于术后3个月进行24h食管pH监测，放射性核素胃排空检查，观察术后胃食管反流和胃排空情况。结果 所有患者手术均成功，无手术死亡，术后无吻合口漏和狭窄。术后3个月左胸腔内吻合组和食管床吻合组患者均有不同程度的反流，DeMeester总评分、24h酸反流次数、〉5min的反流次数、最长反流持续时间、pH（4．00的总时间和pH（4．00占总时间的百分比均高于正常对照组（P〈0．01）；食管床吻合组DeMeester总评分、24h酸反流次数、最长反流持续时间、pH（4．00的总时间、pH（4．00占总时间的百分比均低于左胸腔内吻合组（P〈0.01）。术后近期各时间段左胸腔内吻合组和食管床吻合组胃排空百分数（GE）均较正常对照组低（P〈0.01）；食管床吻合组GE于实验餐进入胃后30、60、90、120、180和240min均高于左胸腔内吻合组（P〈0. 01）。结论经食管床主动脉弓上吻合术后胃食管反流和胃排空延迟客观存在，但较传统手术方式有所减轻，其机制可能是机械因素所致。     

切除食管癌两种消化道重建方式术后胃食管反流的对比 …

目的：探讨食管癌切除后胃经食管床和经胸作弓上吻合者术后发生胃食管反流的差别。方法;对２５例病人在术后１－３个月进行了残留食管内的２４小时ＰＨ监测。结果：（１）两种消化道重建方式病人的ＰＨ总得分,２４小时的总反流次数,〉５分钟的反流次数,最长反流时间和ｐＨ〈４的总时间均超出正常范围。（２）将食管床组和胸内组相比较,２４小时总反流次数差异无显著性,而其余４项指标食管床明显低于胸内组。     

经食管床吻合术后对残余食管的压力测定和酸碱度分析

目的 探讨食管癌切除胃经食管床主动脉弓上吻合术后,食管、胃功能改变及胃食管反流的情况.方法 对20例食管中段癌术后3-6个月患者(研究组)及10例正常人(对照组)采用食管胃压力测定及24 h食管酸碱度(pH)监测,并对结果进行分析.结果 (1)研究组各项pH监测指标均明显高于对照组(P《0.01).(2)胃静息压、残余食管静息压及食管上括约肌静息压研究组均高于对照组(P《0.01);残余食管收缩压、食管原发蠕动幅度及食管湿蠕动幅度均低于对照组(P《0.01);食管上括约肌关闭压高于对照组(P《0.01);胃、吻合口及残余食管静息压三处两两比较,差异均无统计学意义(F=3.08,P》0.05).结论 经食管床主动脉弓上食管胃吻合术后,残余食管蠕动功能差,廓酸能力降低;吻合口处不存在高压带,普遍存在胃食管反流现象.     

黏膜瓣式食管胃吻合术抗反流的食管动力学研究

目的寻找一种实用有效的抗反流食管胃吻合术式。方法将食管癌和贲门癌患者464例随机分为黏膜瓣式食管胃吻合术组(A组,175例)、器械食管胃吻合术组(B组,151例)和单纯手工缝合食管胃一层吻合术组(C组,138例)。应用同位素测定胃食管反流指数和24h监测pH值,进行3组间的食管运动功能比较。结果同位素测定胃食管反流指数显示,A组反流阳性率为0,B组为33.3%,C组为6.7%。食管运动功能及24h监测pH显示,A组检测各项指标均接近正常值,B、C组与正常值比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论黏膜瓣式食管胃吻合术式具有优异的抗反流功能,并能有效地防止食管癌、贲门癌术后反流性食管炎的发生。     

Comparison of influence of esophageal carcinoma operations on pulmonary function.

OBJECTIVE: To study the change of pulmonary function after three kinds of esophageal carcinoma operations. METHODS: Esophageal carcinoma operations were performed on 60 consecutive patients, including 20 cases of supra-aortic gastro-esophageal anastomosis, 20 cases of sub-aortic gastro-esophageal anastomosis and 20 cases of apico-thoracic retro-aortic gastro-esophageal anastomosis. Lung function was checked for every patient 3 days before the operation and 3, 6, 12 months after the operation. RESULTS: VC%, FEV1% and MVV% are significantly lower in supra-aortic anastomosis group than in sub-aortic anastomosis group after the operation (P < 0.05). VC%, FEV1%, and MVV% are significantly lower in supra-aortic anastomosis group than in apico-thoracic retro-aortic anastomosis group after the operation (P<0.05). VC%, FEV1% and MVV% are not significantly different between apico-thoracic retro-aortic anastomosis group and sub-aortic anastomosis group after the operation (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Supra-aortic anastomosis has more negative influence on the post-operative pulmonary function than apico-thoracic retro-aortic anastomosis and sub-aortic anastomosis do.     

Influence of esophageal carcinoma operations on gastroesophageal reflux

Background

Gastroesophageal reflux occurs more easily after esophageal carcinoma operations. Our objective was to compare the influence of three kinds of esophageal carcinoma operations on reflux.

Methods

From May 1999 to May 2002, esophageal carcinoma operations were performed on 30 consecutive patients through left thoracotomy, including 10 cases completed with supraaortic, ante-aortic gastroesophageal anastomosis, 10 cases with subaortic gastroesophageal anastomosis, and 10 cases with apicothoracic retro-aortic gastroesophageal anastomosis. A 24-hour esophageal pH was recorded for every patient 3 months after the operation.

Results

The number of reflux episodes per 24 hours (No. of episodes), the number of reflux episodes greater than or equal to 5 minutes per 24 hours (No. ≥ 5 min), the time in minutes of the longest reflux episode recorded (longest episode) and the cumulative time of the esophageal pH less than 4 (total time that pH < 4) are all beyond normal limits. The difference in number of episodes between supraaortic, ante-aortic, and subaortic gastroesophageal anastomosis groups is not significant; but the other indexes are higher in the supraaortic, ante-aortic anastomosis group with significance (p < 0.05). The difference in number of episodes between supraaortic, ante-aortic, and apicothoracic retro-aortic gastroesophageal anastomosis groups is not significant while the other indexes are much higher in the supraaortic, ante-aortic anastomosis group with significance (p < 0.05); the difference in number of episodes between apicothoracic retro-aortic and subaortic gastroesophageal anastomosis groups is not significant while the other indexes are lower in the apicothoracic retro-aortic anastomosis group with significance (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Gastroesophageal reflux occurred after all three types of esophageal carcinoma operations. The reflux is less severe in the apicothoracic retro-aortic anastomosis group than in the other two groups. The esophageal carcinoma operation with apicothoracic retro-aortic gastroesophageal anastomosis has more advantages to alleviate postoperative gastroesophageal reflux.     

112 例贲门癌两种吻合方法的比较研究

【摘要】 目的 探讨椭圆形手工吻合方法和传统的套入式式吻合方法在贲门癌手术中的应用价值。方法 回顾性分析2009年9月至2012年9月112例贲门癌患者手工圆形吻合和套入式吻合方法的资料。 结果 手工椭圆形吻合有1例吻合口漏和1例吻合口狭窄,吞咽顺利;有2例有轻度反酸;套入式吻合法有3例发生吻合口漏,有4例出现吻合口狭窄,则10例有胃食管返流(P<0.05),两组在手术时间和出血量无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论 在贲门癌消化道重建中,手工椭圆形吻合法比套入式吻合法更能预防和减少吻合口漏和吻合口狭窄,并能预防返流性食管炎。     

The prevention and treatment of cicatricial esophageal stenosis after the correction of atresia

On the basis of the experience with treatment of esophageal atresia in 86 patients, it was established that cicatricial stenosis of the esophagus after radical correction of a defect occurs as a consequence of anastomotic suture failure, violation of the technique of placing an anastomosis, gastro-esophageal reflux. The recommendations on prevention and treatment of cicatricial esophageal stenosis are given.     

食管胃套接术与器械吻合术治疗食管、贲门癌的对比研究

目的对比食管胃套接术与器械吻合术的临床治疗效果,以减少食管、贲门癌根治术后并发症的发生率. 方法将285例诊断明确的食管、贲门癌住院患者按入院顺序随机分为两组,食管胃套接组(套接组)134例,采用食管癌切除食管瓣片成形-食管胃套接术;器械吻合组(吻合组)151例,采用食管癌切除器械吻合术.术后观察吻合口瘘、吻合口狭窄和胃食管反流并发症的发生率,并随访观察3年. 结果套接组术后吻合口瘘、吻合口狭窄和胃食管反流的发生率分别为0%、2.2%和1.5%,而吻合组为1.3%、13.9%和21.2%(P<0.01). 结论食管瓣片成形-食管胃套接术术后并发症少、操作简单,较器械吻合具有一定的优越性.     

胃食管吻合术后残余食管胸胃运动功能研究

目的探讨食管、贲门癌切除后不同部位的食管胃吻合对残余食管和胸腔胃运动功能的影响。方法按手术中食管胃吻合部位不同,将39例食管、贲门癌患者分为两组,弓上吻合组:21例,为食管中段癌患者行食管胃主动脉弓上吻合;弓下吻合组:18例,为食管下段癌及贲门癌患者,行食管胃主动脉弓下吻合。对照组:为6例无胃食管反流症状的健康人。3组均行食管测压、上消化道X线钡餐造影检查,观察残余食管和胸腔胃运动功能。结果两吻合组部分患者均存在吻合口高压区,残余食管静息压均明显高于对照组(P<0.05),并与胸腔胃内静息压无明显差别(P>0.05);两吻合组残余食管和胸腔胃内静息压比较差别均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。弓上吻合组残余食管蠕动性收缩幅度及原发蠕动次数均明显低于或少于对照组,残余食管原发蠕动次数明显少于弓下吻合组(P<0.05)。术后3个月上消化道X线钡餐造影显示,两吻合组患者胸腔胃底、胃体部均无蠕动性收缩,蠕动收缩自胃窦部向幽门运动,速度缓慢,胃内钡剂排空缓慢;术后1年两吻合组胃窦部蠕动收缩均有明显恢复。结论食管、贲门癌患者术后食管胃吻合口无抗反流作用,食管胃吻合位置越高残余食管蠕动功能越差,但不影响残余食管和胸腔胃内静息压。食管、贲门癌术后胸腔胃运动功能减弱,随着时间的延长逐渐恢复,但很难达到正常水平。     

食管、贲门癌切除食管胃分层吻合术患者生命质量评价

目的 探讨食管、贲门癌切除食管胃分层吻合术的手术效果，评价患者手术后生命质量。方法 根据手术方式不同将264例食管、贲门癌患者分为两组，食管胃分层吻合组：162例，行食管、贲门癌切除，食管胃黏膜连续缝合，食管胃分层吻合术；器械吻合组：102例，行食管、贲门癌切除，食管胃吻合器吻合术。均用欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织(EORTC)QLQ—C30和自制量表对患者术后3—6个月生命质量进行测评，并进行比较。结果 食管胃分层吻合组有137份问卷、器械吻合组有77份问卷符合评分要求。食管胃分层吻合组在体力功能和情感功能维度得分高于器械吻合组(P＜0．05)，吞咽困难维度、胃食管反流症状维度得分低于器械吻合组(P＜0．05)，其他维度两组比较差别无显著性意义(P＞0．05)。结论 食管胃分层吻合术后患者体力功能和情感功能优于器械吻合术，吞咽困难、反流症状少于器械吻合术，生命质量高于器械吻合术。     

Obesity and Gastro-esophageal Acid Reflux: Physiopathological Mechanisms and Role of Gastric Bariatric Surgery

Background: Controversial findings about the relationships between obesity and gastro-esophageal reflux have been reported, as well as about the effects of weight loss and bariatric surgery on reflux. The aims of this study were to evaluate esophageal motility and gastro-esophageal acid circadian patterns in obese patients and to test the effects of vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG) on these parameters. Methods: 14 obese subjects (BMI 36-53 kg/m²), 4 men, 10 women, 27-61 years old, admitted for elective bariatric surgery, underwent clinical evaluation, upper endoscopy, esophageal manometry and gastroesophageal pH monitoring. Evaluations were repeated 6 to 12 months after gastric surgery that consisted of a VBG (7 patients), accompanied in the other 7 patients with an anti-reflux procedure (fundoplication). Manometric and pH-metric findings in the obese patients were compared with a normal-weight control group before and after the two different surgical treatments. Results: Gastro-esophageal reflux was significantly more frequent in obese (57.1%) than in control group (7.1%). Esophageal motility in obese subjects was not different from controls. After VBG alone, we found a reduction in basal lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure and an increase of acid reflux. When VBG was accompanied by fundoplication, basal LES pressure increased and acid reflux frequency decreased. Conclusions: Obesity is associated with gastroesophageal reflux. VBG reduced weight, but not gastro-esophageal acid reflux. Therefore, in our population, this operation cannot be considered as an antireflux procedure.     

Surgical therapy of advanced esophageal cancer. A critical appraisal

Thirty-five patients with advanced esophageal carcinoma underwent esophagogastrectomy. Of these, 13 patients underwent esophagogastrectomy through midline celiotomy and right thoracotomy incisions (Group 1), and 20 patients underwent extrathoracic esophagectomy with either reversed gastric tube (Group 2) or isoperistaltic tube reconstruction (Group 3). Morbidity was significantly greater in patients who underwent extrathoracic esophagectomy due to more severe pulmonary complications and anastomotic fistulas. Because of these complications, a longer interval to solid food ingestion occurred in the extrathoracic esophagectomy group. Long-term survival was not affected by the operative procedure utilized. Extrathoracic esophagectomy with cervical anastomosis is associated with more complications than an intrathoracic anastomosis, resulting in inferior palliation for patients with advanced esophageal carcinoma.