缓解期的精神分裂症患者及其一级非患病亲属的认知功能比较分析

目的 了解缓解期精神分裂症患者及一级非患病亲属的认知功能,找寻认知功能中具有内表型特征的项目.方法 对86名缓解期精神分裂症患者(患者组),86名患者的一级非患病亲属(亲属组)及86名健康人(对照组)使用精神分裂症认知功能成套测验工具进行认知功能测验.结果 患者组和亲属组的连线测验、符号编码、霍普金斯词语学习测验、迷宫、流畅性、情绪智商和持续操作性得分低于对照组(P＜0.05).患者组霍普金斯词语学习测验、迷宫、情绪智商和持续操作性得分低于亲属组(P＜0.05).结论 缓解期患者和其一级非患病亲属的认知功能存在选择性缺陷,其中词语学习、注意/警觉、推理和问题解决及社会认知可能是精神分裂症潜在的内表型.     

首发精神分裂症患者与超高危人群认知功能的对照研究

目的：对比首发精神分裂症患者,与精神分裂症超高危人群的神经认知功能特点及相关因素。方法：分别纳入30例首次发作未接受过系统治疗的精神分裂症患者（患者组）、30例来自一级亲属中的超高危人群一精神病风险综合征者（超高危组1,以及30例健康志愿者（对照组）作为被试对象,采用连线测验（TMTA）、精神分裂症简易认知评估：符号编码、霍普金斯词语学习测验修订版（HVⅡ-R）、简易视觉记忆测验一修订版（BVMT—R）、Stroop色词测验持续操作测验（CPT）、威斯康星卡片分类测验（WCST）对注意力、学习和记忆、信息处理速度以及执行功能4个领域进行全面评定。结果：与正常对照组相比,首发精神分裂症患者在认知功能注意能力摩觉性、学习与工作记忆、信息处理速度及执行功能4个领域的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,而超高危组则在除空间记忆（BVMT—R）和信息处理速度中的TMTA测验外的其它方面均与对照组存在差异（P〈0．05）,差异小于患者组。认知功能指标中仅CPT与病程呈负相关（P〈0．05）,WCST持续错误数与PANSS得分呈正相关（R0．05）。结论：精神分裂症高危人群存在相对广泛的认知功能损害,但轻于首发精神分裂症患者,认知功能缺陷可能是精神分裂症的素质指标之一.     

首发精神分裂症患者及不同样本健康一级亲属的认知功能研究

目的 探讨首发精神分裂症患者及不同样本首发精神分裂症患者健康一级亲属的认知功能特点.方法 对52例首次发作未接受过抗精神病药物治疗的精神分裂症患者（患者组）、48例不同样本来自不同于患者组的另一组首发精神分裂症的健康一级亲属（亲属组）及50例健康志愿者（对照组）,采用数字划销测验、连线测验、数字广度测验、视觉再生、言语流畅性测验、威斯康辛卡片分类测验和汉诺塔测验评定注意、记忆及执行功能.结果 三组间数字划销测验净分、连线测验A时间及B时间、数字广度倒背及总分、视觉再生总分、言语流畅性音位及语义、威斯康辛卡片分类测验（WCST）总错误数及持续错误数、汉诺塔测验所有指标的差异有统计学意义（P ＜0.05或P＜0.01）.两两比较发现,患者组的上述所有指标和亲属组除连线测验A时间外的上述指标均差于对照组（P ＜0.05或P＜0.01）,但亲属组数字划销测验净分、连线测验A时间及B时间、视觉再生总分、言语流畅性音位及语义、WCST总错误数及持续错误数的成绩要好于患者组（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）.结论 首发精神分裂症患者存在广泛的认知功能损害,且来自不同家族的健康一级亲属也存在不同程度的认知功能损害,提示认知功能受损可能是精神分裂症遗传易感性的生物学指标.     

首发精神分裂症患者的信息处理速度及其影响因素

目的 探讨首发精神分裂症患者的信息处理速度及其相关影响因素。方法 采用精神分裂症认知功能成套测验(MCCB)评估79例首发精神分裂症患者和54例正常对照者信息处理速度,并用阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)评估病例组临床症状。结果 病例组在信息处理速度总分及连线、符号编码、言语流畅性三个分测验成绩明显差于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。性别、首发年龄、家族史、病程与首发精神分裂症患者信息处理速度相关。结论 首发精神分裂症患者认知功能的信息处理速度有明显的损害,可能受首次发病年龄、家族史、性别、病程等因素影响。     

偏执型精神分裂症患者一级亲属的神经认知功能指标研究

目的:研究偏执型精神分裂症患者一级亲属神经认知功能指标的情况。方法:将本院偏执型精神分裂症患者一级亲属60例作为研究对象,设为研究组,另将普通人60例作为参照对象,设为对照组。两组入选者均进行持续注意测验、威斯康辛卡片分类测验、木块图测验、数字广度测验、Stroop颜色干扰测验,比较两组入选者的神经认知功能情况。结果:研究组持续注意测验、威斯康辛卡片分类测验、木块图测验、数字广度测验、Stroop颜色干扰测验结果均优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:偏执型精神分类症患者一级亲属存在不同程度的神经认知功能缺陷。     

首发精神分裂症与DRD2基因多态性和认知功能的关系研究

背景　精神分裂症的发病机制与D2受体（DRD2）基因多态性有关,其主要症状之一是认知功能障碍,认知功能又与精神分裂症的患病风险有关,但目前关于首发精神分裂症与DRD2基因多态性和认知功能关系的研究很少。目的　探讨首发精神分裂症与DRD2基因rs2514218位点多态性与认知功能的关系。方法　选取2018-2019年就诊于河北省精神卫生中心治疗的首发精神分裂症患者75例（患者组）和健康受试者75例（对照组）,采用中文版MATRICS共识认知成套测验（MCCB）,包括连线测试A（TMT-A）、持续操作测验（CPT）、简易视觉空间记忆测验修订版（BVMT-R）、霍普金斯词语学习测验修订版（HVLT-R）、Stroop色词测验进行认知功能评定,分别测量认知的7个分领域,包括信息处理速度、注意/警觉能力、工作记忆、词语学习、视觉学习、推理及问题解决和社会认知,并进行基因型分析。结果　研究剔除脱落样本,最终成功入组首发精神分裂症患者74例（患者组）和健康受试者73例（对照组）。患者组和对照组的DRD2基因rs2514218位点基因型分布和等位基因频率比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;在认知功能评估上,患者组TMT-A评分、CPT评分、BVMT-R评分、HVLT-R评分、Stroop 色词测验个数均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。经多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,TMT-A评分〔OR=0.888,95%CI（0.817,0.965）,P=0.005〕、CPT评分〔OR=0.856,95%CI（0.790,0.928）,P<0.001〕、BVMT-R评分〔OR=0.882,95%CI（0.817,0.952）,P=0.001〕及HVLT-R评分〔OR=0.807,95%CI（0.734,0.888）,P<0.001〕与精神分裂症的患病风险呈负相关,且是精神分裂症患病的影响因素。结论　健康人群的认知功能优于首发精神分裂症人群;并且精神分裂症的患病风险与DRD2基因rs2514218位点多态性无关,但与部分认知功能有关,信息处理速度、注意/警觉能力、视觉学习和记忆能力、词语学习和记忆能力等部分认知功能越差患精神分裂症的风险越高。     

精神分裂症患者认知功能受损和阴性症状的关系

目的 探讨精神分裂症患者认知功能受损和阴性症状之间的关系。方法 选取2011年2月—2014年7月在北京大学第六医院门诊及住院治疗的服用单一抗精神病药物的精神分裂症患者108例为病例组。同期采用方便抽样法选取本市社区的100例健康志愿者为正常对照组。基线时分别采用数字符号转换测验、动物流畅性测验、韦氏记忆量表修订版（甲式）评定病例组和正常对照组信息处理速度、词语流畅性和记忆能力（认知功能）,采用阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）评定病例组患者精神症状。6周后再次评定42例仍服用单一抗精神病药物的精神分裂症患者的认知功能和精神症状。结果 病例组患者信息处理速度评分、词语流畅性评分、记忆能力评分均低于正常对照组（P＜0.05）。基线时患者精神症状各项评分及PANSS总分与6周后比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。基线时患者信息处理速度评分、词语流畅性评分及记忆能力评分均与阴性症状评分呈负相关,信息处理速度评分与PANSS总分呈负相关（P＜0.05）。6周后患者认知功能各项评分与疾病特征、精神症状各项评分均无线性相关关系（P＞0.05）。6周后阴性症状影响因素的多元线性回归分析结果显示,进入模型的变量有基线时氯丙嗪当量、基线时信息处理速度评分、基线时阴性症状评分（P＜0.05）。结论 精神分裂症患者认知功能受损和阴性症状之间关系是相对独立而又存在联系的。     

多发性硬化患者认知功能障碍的特点

目的 研究多发性硬化(MS)患者认知功能损害的特点,了解脑萎缩对认知功能的影响。方法 选择23例MS患者(MS组)和23例健康志愿者(对照组),采用神经心理学测验评估患者的整体认知及注意、执行、信息处理速度等认知功能,行颅脑磁共振成像(MRI)测量两组第三脑室宽度。结果 与对照组相比,MS组整体认知功能下降(P<0.05),执行、注意及信息处理速度存在功能受损(P<0.05)。MS患者第三脑室宽度较对照组增宽[(4.96±0.77) vs (3.82±0.38)mm, P<0.05)]。数字符号模拟测验(SDMT)及色词测验(CWT)第3部分结果与病程有相关性(r=-0.430及0.455,P<0.05);SDMT结果与EDSS呈负相关(r=-0.505,P<0.05)。第三脑室宽度与词语流畅性测验(VFT)、数字广度测验(DST)及SDMT结果呈负相关(r=-0.511~-0.595,P<0.05),与连线测验(TMT-B)及CWT结果呈正相关(r=0.571及0.549,P<0.05)。结论 MS患者存在认知功能损害,以执行、注意及信息处理速度受损为主,认知障碍与脑萎缩存在相关关系。     

首发未服药精神分裂症外周血补体水平与认知功能的相关性

目的分析首发未用药精神分裂症患者外周血补体水平与认知功能之间的关系,探讨外周血补体因子在患者认知损伤发生机制中可能的作用。方法纳入2017年9月到2020年1月在中山大学附属第三医院精神科就诊的首发未用药的精神分裂症患者66例(精神分裂症组),及通过广告招募的同期健康对照者88名(健康对照组)。采用免疫投射比浊法检测所有研究对象的外周血补体C3、C4浓度,采用脂质体免疫法测定CH50浓度;使用MATRICS共识认知成套测验(MCCB)评定所有研究对象的认知功能。比较精神分裂症组与健康对照组外周血补体因子浓度差异,并分析其与患者认知功能的关系。结果精神分裂症组外周血补体C4水平[0.20(0.16,0.25)g/L]低于健康对照组[0.23(0.19,0.27)g/L](均P<0.05),C3、CH50水平两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与健康对照组相比,精神分裂症组10项认知测验得分均显著下降(P<0.001)。精神分裂症组外周血补体C3水平与言语流畅性呈正相关(r=0.258,P<0.05),外周血补体C4水平与言语流畅性呈正相关(r=0.283,P&l...     

精神分裂症一级亲属认知功能与血小板5-羟色胺浓度的相关研究

目的探讨精神分裂症患者一级亲属认知功能及血小板内5-羟色胺(5-HT)浓度,并探讨两者之间的关联.方法共收集精神分裂症单发家系27个,其中先证者22名(另5名先证者无法配合测验)、一级亲属62名;高发家系15个,其中先证者15名、共病一级亲属10名、无精神病一级亲属29名;对照家系15个,其中对照者15名、一级亲属35名.对所有受试分别采用威斯康星卡片分类测验和持续注意测验评估其执行功能及持续注意,采用HPLC-荧光法检测外周血血小板内5-HT浓度.结果分裂症一级亲属的WCST、持续注意测验成绩明显差于对照组;高发家系亲属组的各项神经心理学测验成绩最差,单发家系组成绩介于高发家系与对照组之间.如持续错误个数:高发家系亲属24.52＞单发家系亲属21.03＞对照亲属18.49.单发家系一级亲属血小板内5-HT浓度为(2.82±1.23)mmol/L、高发家系为(3.05±1.38)mmol/L,均显著低于对照组的(3.60±1.48)mmol/L(P＜0.05),但未发现此种浓度差异与认知功能损害存在关联.结论精神分裂症一级亲属存在一定程度的认知功能损害,且随遗传负荷的增加而加重,其血小板内5-HT浓度呈一种倾向性改变,但两者间无显著相关性.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.