关于β受体阻断剂对缺氧性心室肥厚的保护作用

肺小动脉和小静脉壁上普遍存在肾上腺素能α和β受体,因此在研究缺氧性肺动脉高压形成机制这一问题时,人们对交感神经介质及共受体的作用非常重视。Poricelli和Bergofsky在灌流猫的去神经左下肺时发现β受体阻断剂能加强缺氧引起的肺血管收缩。但在慢性缺氧实验中却得到不同结果,OStadal(1980)报道β受体阻断剂(Trime-pranol)对大鼠缺氧性右心室高压和右心室肥厚具有明显的保护作用。Vaelkel(1982)报道心得安能抑制大鼠缺氧性右室肥厚。Dennis(1982)的实验结果证明接受心得安治疗的减压缺氧动物,共右心室肥厚程度与非治疗组相同。本实验目的在于探讨β受体阻断剂心得安对慢性问断低压缺氧引起的大鼠右心室高压和心室肥厚是否具有保护作用?     

缺氧敏感性不同的大鼠血小板活性的比较研究

HT(Hilltop SD)缺氧敏感大鼠与普通W(Wistar)大鼠,分平原对照组与置模拟5000米高度低压舱10天的慢性缺氧组。慢性缺氧组与对照组肺动脉收缩压的均值(PAP),在HT大鼠分别为51.9±14.2与31.3±3.0mmHg,P<0.001,慢性缺氧组比对照组高65.8%;W大鼠分别为39.7±7.4与28.9±4.7mmHg,P<0.001,慢性缺氧组比对照组高37.4%。对照HT大鼠全血及肺组织5-羟色胺(5-HT)高于对照W大鼠(P<0.05)。慢性缺氧组HT大鼠血小板数增加,与对照组相比,P<0.01;全血及肺5-HT明显减少,与对照组相比,P<0.001及P<0.05;血浆TXB_2增高,与对照组相比,P<0.001;对ADP诱导血小板聚集敏感性降低。慢性缺氧组W大鼠以上指标变化与HT大鼠相似,除血小板聚集外,HT大鼠以上变化比W大鼠更明显。提示对照组两种大鼠血小板功能状态不完全相同,慢性缺氧时,HT大鼠血小板活化程度高于W大鼠,这在HT大鼠肺动脉对缺氧的增压反应敏感中可能起一定作用。     

高镁饮食对大鼠缺氧性肺血管收缩反应和慢性缺氧性肺动脉高压的影响

本课题观察了高镁饮食对大鼠缺氧性肺血管收缩反应(HPV)和慢性缺氧性肺动脉高压的影响。大鼠进高镁饲料(每公斤普通饲料加镁1000mg)10周后,血浆镁浓度为2.58mEq/L,显著高于对照组大鼠的血浆镁浓度。慢性常压缺氧(吸入气含10%O_2,每天8小时,连续14天)后,与缺氧对照大鼠相比,进高镁饲料盼大鼠的平均肺动脉压(Ppa)和肺血管阻力(PVR)较低,肺血管对缺氧的反应性(△PVR%)较低,同时右心室肥大也较轻。血粘度和红细胞比积在慢性常压缺氧后均增高,但进高镁饲料大鼠的血粘度和红细胞比积与缺氧对照组大鼠无差别。结果表明,镁可以降低PVR和HPV,从而缓解由慢性缺氧引起的肺动脉高压和右心室肥大。     

尼群地平对缺氧性右心室肥大和心肌血流量的影响

高原慢性缺氧和阻塞性肺疾病均可引起肺动脉高压和右心室肥大。本文探讨钙阻断剂尼群地平能否预防和治疗缺氧性肺动脉高压、右心室肥大和对心功能及心肌血流量的影响。 Wistar大白鼠任意分四组:(1)对照组;(2)慢性缺氧组:其中11只减压30天,9只减压60天。(3)尼群地平预防组:于减压舱同时口服尼群地平,其中10只为10mg/     

红茶对慢性缺氧大鼠肺动脉高压的影响

茶是一种广受人们喜爱的饮料,具有重要的营养和药用价值。近来茶的防病治病作用受到重视。本实验探讨了红茶对慢性缺氧大鼠肺动脉高压的影响。常压缺氧(吸入气氧浓度10±1%,3 周)大鼠平均肺动脉压力为2.97±0.25kPa,肺血管阻力3763.46±529.62kPa·S/L,均高于对照组大鼠(其平均肺动脉压力和肺血管阻     

舒喘灵对缺氧大鼠肺动脉高压和肺组织肾上腺素能β2受体mRNA表达的影响

目的：研究β２激动剂舒喘灵对缺氧大鼠肺动脉高压及肺β２受体ｍＲＮＡ的作用。方法：常压缺氧４周,同时用舒喘灵灌胃（５ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１）,用肺动脉插管测压,用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ术测肺β２受体ｍＲＮＡ。结果：缺氧同时给舒喘灵可减轻缺氧大鼠肺动脉高压、右心室压及右心室肥厚,同时使降低的β２受体ｍＲＮＡ回升到对照水平,动脉血氧分压不受影响,对体动脉压无明显作用。结论：舒喘灵能防止缺氧引起的肺动脉高压和肺肾上腺素能β２受体ｍＲＮＡ水平的降低。     

不同食用油对大鼠肺血管反应性和慢性低氧性肺动脉高压的影响

本研究观察了豆油和猪油对大鼠肺血管反应性和慢性低氧性肺动脉高压的影响。大鼠进高脂饮食2月后,常压缺氧14天。缺氧时吸入气O_2浓度为10±0.5%,每天缺氧8小时。结果喂含15%豆油的高脂饮食的大鼠的平均肺动脉压<(?)pa,肺血管阻力(PVR)和肺血管对急性缺氧的反应性(△PVR%)均显著高于缺氧对照组,右心室肥大也较缺氧对照组严重。喂含15%猪油的高脂饮食或含7.5%豆油加7.5%猪油的高脂饮食的大鼠的Ppa,PVR,△PVR%以及右心室肥大程度与缺氧对照组大鼠无明显差别。血粘度和红细胞压积在慢性常压缺氧后均增高,但不同的高脂饮食对其影响不大。实验结果提示,富含豆油的高脂饮食增强大鼠的低氧性肺血管收缩反应,加重慢性低氧性肺动脉高压和右心室肥大。     

尼群地平,硝苯吡啶,克普定和L-精氨酸对大鼠慢性间断缺氧性肺动脉高压的影响比较

一般认为,体液因子Ca~(2 ),血管紧张素,内皮依赖性血管舒张因子(EDRF)在缺氧性肺血管收缩的形成中起一定作用。本文观察了Ca~(2 )拮抗剂尼群地平(Nt),硝苯吡啶(Nf),EDRF合成前体L-精氨酸(L-A)对大鼠缺氧性肺动脉高压,右心室肥厚和肺血管肌化的影响,还观察了ACE抑制剂克普定[CaP]与Ca~(2 )拮抗剂联合使用的效果。旨在寻找一种较好的防治慢性缺氧性肺动脉高压的药物。     

缺氧性肺动脉高压与肺血管反应性改变的关系

已知,缺氧性肺血管收缩是肺动脉高压形成的重要基础,但它是否就是决定肺动脉压水平的唯一因素尚无明确答案。本文观察了慢性缺氧对肺血管反应性的影响及其与肺动脉高压发生、发展的关系。报道如下: 实验用雄性Wistar大鼠,体重250～350g。分为平原对照(n=8)和模拟5000米高度     

模拟高原缺氧不依赖肺动脉高压促进大鼠右心室ACE2的表达

目的： 研究模拟高原缺氧环境下大鼠心脏血管紧张素转换酶2（ACE2）的变化规律及调节因素,初步探讨ACE2与高原心脏病的关系。 方法： 在低氧环境（模拟海拔5 000 m高原、23 h/d）下饲养成年雄性 Sprague Dawley（SD）大鼠,并分为缺氧1、15、30 d组,设立平原对照组;检测各组大鼠右心室ACE2活性,同时测定右心室功能、重量指数以及肺动脉压力变化。在此基础上,我们观察了卡托普利、尼群地平灌胃对慢性缺氧30 d组大鼠右心室ACE2活性的影响。结果： 缺氧30 d 组右心室ACE2 mRNA、蛋白表达显著上调,ACE2活性明显增加,同时伴明显心室肥厚及心功能显著升高。另外,卡托普利、尼群地平虽然显著降低了肺动脉压力以及心脏功能,但对ACE2活性无显著影响。结论： 慢性高原缺氧环境促使心脏ACE2的表达与活性上调,提示ACE2可能与缺氧心脏结构功能变化有关;表达增加是缺氧环境中大鼠右心室ACE2活性升高的原因之一,而肺动脉高压可能并非是缺氧情况下ACE2活性变化的主要原因。     

Level of functioning of siblings and parents of probands of varying degrees of retardation

A further analysis of already published data supports the position that retardates of low ability level less frequently have retarded siblings, retarded parents, and parents low in occupational level than do retardates higher in ability level. The analysis supports the position that there are two types of retarded individuals, persons retarded as a result of gene or chromosomal anomalies, brain injury, etc., who more frequently occur in the lower-level retardate group, and persons whose retardation represents polygenic segregation, who more frequently occur in the higher-level group.     

局部注射辛伐他汀对骨质疏松大鼠股骨髁骨小梁的改建效应

背景：局部注射具有成骨作用的辛伐他汀,可显著增加骨质疏松大鼠股骨颈及股骨髁部的骨密度及力学强度,分析局部注射辛伐他汀对股骨髁骨小梁的影响。 目的：进一步研究骨质疏松大鼠股骨内局部注射辛伐他汀对股骨髁骨小梁的影响。为将辛伐他汀应用于临床骨质疏松局部治疗提供实验基础。 方法：18只雌性SD大鼠双侧卵巢切除后3个月,制备大鼠骨质疏松模型。实验大鼠随机数字表法均分为3组,分别在实验大鼠的右侧股骨髓腔内单次注射辛伐他汀溶液5 mg、10 mg,对照组单纯注射空白载体。分别在注射后1个月处死大鼠并取材。Micro-CT扫描并定量分析骨组织形态变化。 结果与结论：给药后1个月,Micro-CT扫描结果显示,辛伐他汀治疗组的骨微结构参数如骨皮质厚度、骨小梁密度及连接率明显优于对照组。说明疏松骨骼单次注射小剂量辛伐他汀可显著促进股骨髁部骨小梁改建,改善骨骼微结构,可为强化局部、防治骨质疏松骨折的新选择进一步提供实验基础。     

石斛属民族药用植物的分类及生药学研究

中药石斛早在《神农本草经》中就被列为上品,其应用历史悠久,具有养阴生津、补肾益气、润喉护嗓、活血明目、抗癌防老等功效。本文对国内外石斛属民族药用植物的分类及生药学研究进行了综述。     

膝关节骨性关节炎的关节镜治疗体会

目的我科自2001～2005年4月对59例67膝的骨性关节炎（0A），进行关节镜检查及镜下清理术。方法镜检：膝关节骨性关节炎伴不同程度滑膜炎，滑膜皱壁粘连纤维片，关节软骨不同程度破坏。镜下清除增生滑膜，松解粘连，去除剥脱软骨、修复关节面。结果随访2月～4年，平均1.5年，术后综合评估2月～1年，优良率94％；1～2年，优良率79.2％；2年以上优良率54.8％。结论关节镜对膝关节骨性关节炎诊断能提供了比较全面的资料，并对骨性关节炎早期有良好疗效，具有创伤小、恢复快、并发症少和重复治疗等优点。     

Anatomical study of distribution of valves of the cutaneous veins of adult''s limbs

Since the cutaneous veins of the four limbs have been used as autogenous grafts in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders, knowledge of distribution of the valves is increasingly required depending upon the use. In the gross anatomical study of distribution of valves of the trunci venae, there has been argument about locational relationships between the venous roots and the valves in the vicinity of the roots and the inter-valvular distance. However, there have been only few reports discussing detailed information about valves of the cutaneous veins of the four limbs. The authors observed patterns of distribution of the cutaneous venous valves of the four limbs of cadavers prepared for practice in anatomy. The following parts were excised from each cadaver: the cephalic, basilic, and the great saphenous veins, which originate from the acral venous network and flow into the proximal deep veins, and the venous roots communicating with these veins. An incision was made on each excised vein in the direction of the long axis under observation with a stereoscopic microscope, and the inter-valvular distance and the distance between the valve and the orifice of venous root in the vicinity of the valve were measured. The inter-valvular distance varied with type of the truncus venae, and it varied according to area even in the same truncus venae.     

Pathways of the realization of immunomodulating effects of neurotransmitters

Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 115, N ^o 4, pp. 401–404, April, 1993     

Characterization of sterols of three digenetic trematodes of buffalo

Sterols of three digenetic trematodes were isolated and characterized by infrared and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies, and gas-liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Sterols identified were cholesterol, cholestanol, 24-methylcholesterol, 24-methylcholestanol, 24-ethyl-22-dehydrocholesterol, 24-ethyl-22-dehydrocholestanol, 24-ethylcholesterol and 24-ethylcholestanol.     

Mechanisms of generation of slow components of bioelectric activity in diagnostics of functional state of the gastrointestinal tract

New electrophysiologic devices were used for the diagnostics of the state of excitable structures in the gastrointestinal tract and correction of their motor functions. Bioelectrical and biomechanical activities form the basis of functioning of internal organs. The mechanisms of generation of slow bioelectrical activity that are important for clinical and physiological studies are described. One of these mechanisms is a capacitance parametric transducer converting the energy of contractions into specific electric signals reflecting muscle functions. Another mechanism results from slow oscillations of resting potentials of interrelated excitable cells in large neuromuscular structures of internal organs. The elaborated procedure is efficient for preventing early postoperative paresis of the gastrointestinal tract. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 10, pp. 448–452, October, 1999     

胃小弯侧血管弓的MDCT解剖

目的：研究正常胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管的多排螺旋CT表现。方法：回顾性分析51例正常成人的上腹部CT资料,观察胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管的显示情况、血管弓形态及其与胃壁的关系。结果：51例均显示胃小弯侧血管弓,血管弓贲门部属支、胃体部属支和幽门部属支分别显示46例、15例和10例;血管弓与胃壁紧邻41例。结论：MDCT检查可良好显示正常胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管。     

Assessment of the efficacy of treatment of hemangiomas

Assessment of the aftereffects of cryoexposure and ultrahigh-frequency cryoexposure on hemangioma tissue of various types, cavernous and squamous, showed a higher cryogenic effect in hemangiomatous tissue preexposed to ultrahigh-frequency waves. A quantitative criterion is proposed for assessing the efficacy of the studied methods of exposure. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 6, pp. 669–672, June, 1995