哈萨克族成人指骨长度的X线测量及其与身高的性别判别

目的 探讨新疆哈萨克族成人指骨长度与身高的依存关系。方法 随机选择健康哈萨克族成人200人（男100人,女100人）,进行双手后前位X线拍片,分别测量各节指骨长度和对应的身高。计算各节指骨长度的均值、标准差和标准误,并且从各节指骨长度推断身高的性别判别方程。结果 男性和女性各节指骨长度之间的差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。经相关分析建立了哈萨克族成人指骨长度推断身高的4个性别判别方程（Y₁＝0.780ZM₁＋3.146YM₂＋1.594YS₁＋0.618ZS₃＋0.045YX₁＋1.891ZX₁＋2.548ZX₃-135.324, Y₂＝0.3450ZM₁＋2.328YM₂＋1.814YS₁＋1.355ZS₃＋0.714YX₁＋1.461ZX₁＋1.580ZX₃-118.678, Y₃＝3.540SG＋0.859YM₂-1.882ZS₂＋0.640YZ₁-5.598YZ₂＋5.794ZZ₂＋0.807YZ₃＋0.695ZX₁-391.229, Y₄＝3.284SG＋0.313YM₂-1.595ZS₂＋1.113YZ₁-3.869YZ₂＋4.959ZZ₂＋5.244YZ₃＋0.353ZX₁-340.001）。 结论 所得性别判别式对法医学性别判别应用价值较大,为体质人类学和法医学提供了有关新疆哈萨克族人的解剖学资料。     

拉萨藏族青少年指骨X线测量及其与身高的性别判别分析

目的:对藏族拉萨青少年指骨各指节长度及宽度进行X线测量,探讨其性别差异及其与性别判别的相关性,为法医及人类学提供判别率较高的性别判别式.方法:随机选择健康的藏族拉萨青少年1 680人(男840人,女840人),进行左手前后位X线拍片,同时测量身高,将所得数据用SPSS17.0软件进行统计学分析处理.结果:男性与女性各指骨长度均无差异,男、女指骨宽度性别差异均有统计学意义,唯环指近节宽和环指远节指骨宽在男女间差别无统计学意义.同时将指骨与性别的判别分析为第1组,指骨和身高与性别的判别分析为第2组,应用Fisher法逐步判别分析得出2组判别式分别为Y=2.603X1+1.733X8+9.987X22+1.057X23+0.742X10+1.896X11-107.480,Y=2.292X1+2.448x8+8.709X22-0.319X23+1.685X10+0.516X11-92.976; Y=1.160X8+8.713X22-4.611X23-0.847X10-0.981X11 +2.231h1 -178.514,Y=1.849X8 +7.488X22-5.820X23 +0.001X10-2.253X11 +2.148h2-159.747.第1组判别率分别为80.2％、86.1％,第2组判别率分别为81.5％、86.1％,如Y(女)＞Y(男)即判为女性,反之Y(男)＞Y(女)则判为男性.结论:以上判别式对法医学及人类学的性别鉴定简单实用,具有较高参考价值.     

示指基节指骨与身高的性别判别分析

为探索示指基节指骨与身高的性别差异,提供判别率较高且适用于国人的性别判别式,作者随机对健康大学生202人(男100,女102人)的双手进行后前位X线片拍摄,同时测量了身高.每手测量了示指基节指骨的长与中点宽,结果(mm)为:男性分别为41.29±0.15,9.67±0.06,女性为 38.76±0.16,8.24±0.04.身高男女分别为 1717.00±4.97和 1600.78±5.26,三项均具有非常显著的性别差异.按Fisher法求出三个判别式,其判别率均高达93%以上,对人类学及法医学鉴定性别具有重要的实用意义.     

哈萨克族成人掌骨的X线测量及其与身高的性别判别分析

目的 对新疆哈萨克族成人掌骨长度进行X线测量,探讨其性别差异及其有性别判别方法的相关性,为法医学及人类学提供判别率较高的性别判别式。方法 随机选择健康新疆哈萨克族成人200人（男100人,女100人）,进行双手后前位X线拍片,分别测量各掌骨长度,同时测量身高,将所得数据用SPSS15.0软件进行统计学分析处理。结果 男性第4掌骨长度以及女性第5掌骨长度左右手差别有显著性,男、女性第4、5掌骨长度左右手差别有显著性;同时应用Fisher法分析得出4个判别式,判别式分别为Y＝2.824r1＋2.563r4-0.654r5＋0.614l7-0.039l9＋2.452 l10-212.186,Y＝2.350r1＋2.377r4-0.995r5＋0.445l7＋0.046l9＋2.966 l10-191.622,Y＝0.393h1＋3.152r1＋0.435r5＋1.250 r10-463.734,Y＝0.362h1＋2.785r1＋0.028r5＋1.834 r10-404.748,判别率分别为89.67%、86.55%、90.00%和87.50%。结论 新疆哈萨克族男、女身高增长与掌骨增长密切相关。     

400例男性成人正常掌、指骨和关第的X线测量分析

作者报告了４００例正常男性成人掌、指骨长度及其比值，指间关节、掌指关节、掌腕关节间隙宽度的Ｘ线测定结果。作为成人的正常值，测定结果对某些疾病的诊断具有一定价值。     

掌骨的X线测量及其与身高的性别判别分析

目的：探讨掌骨的侧别与性别差异及性别判别方法，积累有关解剖学资料。方法：随机选择健康汉族大学生，进行双手后前位x线拍片，分别测量各掌骨长与中点宽，同时测量身高，将所得数据用SPSS软件进行统计学分析处理。结果：男性第2、4、5掌骨宽度以及女性第3、4、5掌骨宽度左右手侧差有显著性意义，男女性别差异亦有显著意义；同时应用Fisher法分析得出4个判别式，判别率分别为87．6％和89．8％。结论：所得性别判别式对法医学性别判别应用价值较大，为体质人类学和法医学提供了有关解剖学资料。     

股骨髁 X 线测量及性别判别分析

目的为积累资料和探讨国人股骨髁的性别差异，方法随机对 33～76 岁 194 例健康人(男 138，女 56)拍摄膝部正侧位 X 线片；在正位片上测量了上髁宽和内、外侧髁宽，在侧位片上测量了内、外侧髁长和高。用 SPSS 软件计算出 5 个指数和 7 个性别判别分析式。结果所测 7 项均具有非常显著的性别差异(t＝3．53～13．94，P＜0．01)，5 项指数除髁高指数外，均无显著性性别差异；7 个性别判别式的回代判别率在 75．45％～89．73％间。结论股骨髁的 X 线测量对性别判别具有一定的实用意义。     

胫骨性别分级判别及其与传统方法比较

目的：为验证性别分级判别法在实际应用中的效果及提高胫骨的性别判别率,材料和方法：先抽取126侧胫骨（M68,F58）进行研究,并将其结果作为预计值,另抽取168侧胫骨（M90,F78）进行对比实验,将其结果作为实验值。结果：分级判别法的判别率多因素判别及单因素判别的最高正确判别率预计值分别为89．6％,80．2％和78．6％;实验值分别为84．5％,75．6％和73．2％,讨论：新方法无论在理论预计值上还是在实际应用中较传统方法均有较大提高;实验值较预计值的降低是由于抽样误差造成的。因此,此方法将是人类学及其相关学科研究的更有效的手段。     

股骨髁X测量及性别判别分析

目的：为积累资料的探讨国人股骨髁的性别差异。方法：随机对３３～７６岁１９４例健康人（男１３８，女５６）拍摄膝部正侧位Ｘ线片；在正位片上测量了上髁宽和内、外侧髁宽，在侧位片上测量了内、外侧髁长和高。用ＳＰＳＳ软件计算出５个指数和７个性别判别分析式。结果：所测７项均具有非常显著的性别差异（ｔ＝３．５３～１３．９４，Ｐ〈０．０１），５项指数除髁高指数外，均无显著性性别差异；７个性别判别式的回代判别率在７     

Pure 9p duplication syndrome with aplasia of the middle phalanges of the fifth fingers

9p duplication syndrome is a common congenital anomaly syndrome with specific facial features, mental and developmental retardations, and characteristic fingers. Pure 9p duplication without other chromosomal structural variations is very rare. It has recently been reported that cases with partial 9p duplication including SMARCA2 have phenotypes overlapping with Coffin–Siris syndrome (CSS). Herein, we present a family with pure 9p duplication syndrome in which phenotypes partially characteristic of CSS were identified. In one of two siblings, X-ray examination revealed hypoplasia of the distal phalanges of the fifth fingers, aplasia of the middle phalanges of the fifth fingers, and aplasia of the distal phalanges of the second to fifth toes. In pure 9p duplication together with our one affected case, 9 out of 14 cases (64.3%), excluding cases whose clinical data were unavailable, presented the absence or hypoplasia of the middle phalanges of fingers or toes. Interestingly, there are no reports on CSS with aplasia or hypoplasia of the middle phalanx. Therefore, this family might suggest that the aplasia or hypoplasia of the middle phalanges of the fifth fingers or toes is a distinct finding that can distinguish between pure 9p duplication and CSS.     

Prognosis and diagnosis of Reye syndrome by discriminant analysis

Discriminant analysis was used to discriminate between Reye syndrome (RS) patients and non-RS cases based either on conventional blood chemistry data obtained upon admission, or on the activities of hepatic mitochondrial enzymes in biopsy or necropsy tissue. The control group for blood chemistry measurements contained children with upper respiratory tract infections, varicella, etc. who did not develop RS, as well as healthy children. Subjects with no liver disorder (e.g., accidental death, sudden infant death, etc.) or with non-RS liver disorders were used as controls for hepatic enzyme studies. Hepatic damage indicators (aspartate aminotransferase, AST; alanine aminotransferase, ALT; and bilirubin) correctly classified 86-96% of non-RS cases and 61-71% of RS. By contrast, AST and ALT had little prognostic value (63% overall correct). Ammonia effectively classified favorable outcome cases (95% correct) but not unfavorable (14% correct). However, when ammonia was included with stage of coma information 88% of the favorable and 85% of the unfavorable outcome cases were correctly classified. Discriminant analysis of hepatic enzymes (glutamate dehydrogenase and monoamine oxidase activity) for a RS and a non-RS group correctly classified 80% of non-RS and 95% of RS specimens. The function was suitable for the direct evaluation of RS-like mitochondrial enzyme changes in rat liver.     

判别函数在法医学溺死诊断中的应用

目的探讨判别函数在法医学溺死诊断中的价值。方法运用环境扫描电镜、能谱分析仪及图像分析软件观测生前入水溺死、死后抛尸入水尸体,根据异物颗粒面积、最大直径、整体密度等参数建立与溺死、死后入水判别函数。结果异物颗粒的最大直径和整体密度有助于判别函数鉴别溺水及死后抛尸入水,交叉验证判别函数符合率为89.0%,与传统方法相比,该法在保证实验结果可靠性的同时具有简便、快捷、客观等优势。结论判别方程对法医学实践鉴别溺水、死后入水具有积极的提示及勘验指导价值。