X染色体异常的细胞分子遗传学研究

目的我们从细胞遗传学和分子遗传学方面研究X染色体异常,探讨这些异常与患者临床特征的关系。方法采集患者外周血进行培养,常规制片后G显带染色体核型分析和荧光原位杂交技术分析。结果筛选200余例遗传咨询者共有15例为X染色体异常,其中X染色体数目异常8例,X染色体结构异常6例,数目异常伴结构异常1例。结论体征、性腺发育、智力等都与X染色体异常有关系。     

肿瘤分子细胞遗传学研究方法的最新进展

荧光原位杂交已广泛应用于分子生物学、肿瘤遗传学的研究,在其基础上,又发展了许多新 技术,并已成为极为重要的研究手段。     

性分化异常的细胞遗传学及分子细胞遗传学分析

目的分析性分化异常患者中的染色体异常,协助其临床诊断。方法以常规细胞遗传学方法为主,结合荧光原位杂交分析290例性分化异常患者的遗传学病因。结果在289例性分化异常患者中共检出染色体异常67例,12例46,XY女性,异常检出率为27.3%。结论将常规细胞核型分析与荧光原位杂交相结合更有利于性染色体异常患者的诊断,便于协助临床治疗。     

肿瘤分子细胞遗传学研究方法的最新进展

荧光原位杂交已广泛应用于分子生物学、肿瘤遗传学的研究，在其基础上，又发展了许多新技术，并已成为极为重要的研究手段。     

一例罕见复杂染色体重排产前诊断

目的 探讨细胞遗传及荧光原位杂交（FISH）技术产前诊断一例罕见新发复杂染色体重排（CCR）的应用价值。方法 对1例产前胎儿复杂异常染色体重排应用细胞遗传及FISH技术初步确定其来源和结构。结果 经鉴定胎儿核型为46,XY,ins(2;3)(p13;p13p23),der(4)ins(4;9;2)(q25;q32q33;p13pter),der(9)ins(9;4)(q32;qterq25)dn。结论 FISH技术及分子细胞遗传学技术有助于对产前罕见复杂染色体重排染色体的准确识别及鉴定,并为进一步分子细胞检测如SNP、WES、WGS等指明方向。     

染色体复杂重排的细胞遗传学检测及遗传咨询

目的 以4例染色体复杂重排新核型的确诊为例,探讨这类染色体异常的检测方法及遗传咨询。方法 应用常规G显带技术分析4例复杂易位患者的染色体核型,其中2例为智力低下患者,另2例来自有自然流产史的夫妇。2例智力低下患者应用FISH和CGH技术进一步分析并检测其父母核型。查询相关数据库检索4例核型的发生率。结果 4例患者的核型分别为46,XYqh+,t(1;12;2;10)(q25;q11;p14;p11),inv(1)(p22q25),46,XY,t(7;21;8)(p13;q22;p21),46,XX,t(3;7;10)(q28;p15;q22)和46,XY,t(2;16;5)(q33;p12;q33)。2例有智力低下患者经FISH和CGH检测未发现其他染色体的异常,未见染色体微小重复或缺失。4例核型均为国内外文献未曾报道的新核型。结论 染色体复杂重排的遗传学检测需要综合考虑多种核型分析方法的结果,染色体复杂重排的遗传咨询需要着重结合其重排类型和临床症状进行分析。     

染色体非平衡易位的分子细胞遗传学研究

目的 应用荧光原位杂交技术对１例染色体异常患者进行分析。方法 对经细胞遗传学提示的染色体结构异常的病例,选用１、１８号染色体控针池进行涂染。结果 证实患者由于染色体不平衡易位导致部分单体和部分三体。结论 １ｑ４２－ｑｔｅｒ、１８ｑ２２－ｑｔｅｒ可能与心脏的发育等胚过程有关。     

122例性染色体异常的细胞遗传学分析

本实验室自 1984年 11月以来 ,通过外周血染色体检查 ,从原发性不孕、原发闭经、智力低下、妊娠胎儿丢失、第二性征异常及外生殖器畸形等就诊病人中 ,共发现性染色体异常 12 2例 (包括 6 6例Ｙ染色体长度变异 ) ,现将其核型分析及临床病因分类报告如下。对象与方法1 病例来源　受检对象为来自妇产科、小儿科门诊遗传咨询和病房疑有染色体异常的病人。2 细胞遗传学检查　按常规方法制备外周血染色体标本 ,每例Ｇ显带分析 2 0 30个核型 ,嵌合体加倍 ,必要时作Ｃ带、银染及Ｘ染色质检查。测量同一核型中染色体长度 ,以Ｙ≥ 18号染色体为大Ｙ …     

Molecular cytogenetic analysis of a familial pericentric inversion of chromosome 12

Speleman F, Van Roy N, De Vos E, Hilliker C, Suijkerbuijk RFS, Leroy JG. Molecular cytogenetic analysis of a familial pericentric inversion of chromosome 12
Clin Genet 1993: 44: 156–163. © Munksgaard, 1993
We describe the application of multi-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in the characterization of a familial pericentric inversion. Using chromosome 12 short- and long-arm specific DNA probes, fast and reliable discrimination between normal and inversion chromosome 12 or recombinant inversion chromosome 12 was possible. FISH thus provides a reliable means for prenatal detection of balanced or unbalanced chromosome 12 rearrangements in this family. This approach is possible for identification of similar chromosome rearrangements provided that probes for the putatively involved chromosome region are available.     

两条染色体复杂易位伴无精子症患者细胞与分子遗传学分析

目的 对1例46,XY,t(3;11)(q27;q13),ins(11;3)(q13;p26p13)伴无精子症患者进行细胞与分子遗传学研究.方法 采用外周血淋巴细胞培养、G显带制备染色体,应用多色荧光原位杂交技术进一步分析确定其核型,多重PCR检测Y染色体AZF微缺失.结果 该患者涉及3号、11号染色体相互易位,并伴有3号染色体的带插入到11号染色体的四断裂点的复杂易位.AZF所在区域的6个序列标签位点均无微缺失.结论 染色体复杂易位可导致男性不育,无精症的遗传因素分析可为其提供更准确的生育咨询.     

综合应用分子细胞遗传学技术检测一例染色体微小易位

目的 综合应用分子细胞遗传学技术对1例染色体微小易位的病例进行检测.方法 按常规制备染色体,G显带进行核型分析,并先后进行光谱核型分析(spectral karyotyping,SKY),染色体涂染,双色荧光原位杂交技术(fluorescence in situ hybridisation,FISH)检测,亚端粒探针F...     

染色体易位携带者的胚胎植入前遗传学诊断研究进展

染色体易位是常见的染色体结构异常。应用荧光原位杂交技术，染色体易位携带者可在胚胎植入前遗传学诊断的帮助下增加正常妊娠的机会。现就相互易位减数分裂的情况进行综述，并讨论应用荧光原位杂交技术对染色体易位携带者进行胚胎植入前遗传学诊断的策略。     

Improved structural characterization of chromosomal breakpoints using high resolution custom array‐CGH

Lindstrand A, Schoumans J, Gustavsson P, Hanemaaijer N, Malmgren H, Blennow E. Improved structural characterization of chromosomal breakpoints using high resolution custom array‐CGH. Array‐CGH is a powerful tool for the rapid detection of genomic imbalances. By customizing the array it is possible to increase the resolution in a targeted genomic region of interest and determine the structure of the breakpoints with high accuracy, as well as to detect very small imbalances. We have used targeted custom arrays to zoom in on 38 chromosomal breakpoints from 12 different patients carrying both balanced and unbalanced rearrangements. We show that it is possible to characterize unbalanced breakpoints within 17–20,000 bp, depending on the structure of the genome. All of the deletion and duplication breakpoints were further refined and potential underlying molecular mechanisms of formation are discussed. In one of seven carriers of apparently balanced reciprocal translocations we detected a small deletion of 200 bp within the previously FISH‐defined breakpoint, and in another patient, a large deletion of 11 Mb was identified on a chromosome not involved in the translocation. Targeted custom oligonucleotide arrays make it possible to perform fine mapping of breakpoints with a resolution within the breakpoint region much higher compared to commercially available array platforms. In addition, identification of small deletions or duplications in apparently balanced rearrangements may contribute to the identification of new disease causing genes.     

Molecular cytogenetic characterization of Thinopyrum and wheat--Thinopyrum translocated chromosomes in a wheat--Thinopyrum amphiploid

The wheat--Thinopyrum amphiploid 'Agrotriticum # 3425' (AT 3425), which is highly resistant to Cephalosporium stripe, was identified to carry seven pairs of Thinopyrum chromosomes, three pairs of wheat--Thinopyrum translocated chromosomes and 18 pairs of wheat chromosomes. Fluorescence genomic in situ hybridization (FGISH), C-banding, sequential C-banding and FGISH, and denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) were used to characterize and identify the chromosomes. The Thinopyrum chromosomes in AT 3425 were designated as T1 through T7 based on their C-banding patterns. The FGISH and C-banding patterns of mitotic chromosomes in AT 3425 and meiotic chromosomes in the hybrid between AT 3425 and wheat cultivar 'Chinese Spring' (CS) revealed that wheat chromosomes 1D, 2B and 3D were involved in the three wheat-Thinopyrum chromosome translocations designated as (W-T)1, (W-T)2, and (W-T)3 respectively. The analysis of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits in single seeds of AT 3425 confirmed the involvement of wheat chromosome 1D in the translocation (W-T)1. The designations 1DSuu.1DL-1TL, 2BSuu.2BL-2TL and 3DSuu.3DL-3TL were suggested for the wheat--Thinopyrum translocated chromosomes (W-T)1, (W-T)2 and (W-T)3 in AT 3425 respectively.     

复杂核型白血病患者的p53基因异常及临床意义

目的 探讨复杂核型异常白血病患者的p53基因异常的情况及其临床意义.方法 使用间期荧光原位杂交技术(interphase fluorescence in situ hybridisation,I-FISH)分析38例复杂核型异常及24例非复杂核型异常的白血病患者的p53基因异常的情况.结果 38例复杂核型异常的白血病患者p53基因的缺失频率为44.74%(17/38),24例非复杂核型异常的缺失频率为4.16%(1/24),两者之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).其中13例伴复杂核型的急性白血病患者完全缓解率15.40%,中位生存时间105天.结论 I-FISH可以快速、准确、灵敏的检测出p53基因的缺失,伴复杂核型的白血病患者p53基因缺失频率较高,完全缓解率低,中位生存时间较短.     

多重荧光原位杂交技术检测多发性骨髓瘤复杂核型异常

目的 探讨多重荧光原位杂交(multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization,M-FISH)技术在多发性骨髓瘤(multiple myeloma,MM)复杂核型异常(complex chromosomal aberrations,CCAs)检测中的价值.方法 对10例常规细胞遗传学(conventional cytogenetics,CC)方法检测具有复杂核型的MM患者应用M-FISH技术确定复杂染色体的重排及标记染色体的组成.结果 M-FISH证实了CC显示的29种结构异常,并进一步明确了1p-、6q-、9q-、9q+、+8q+×2、14q+、?14q、der(4)、der(22)、der(1)t(1;?)(q10;?)、der(3)、del(7)的具体来源;同时也发现CC分析没有发现或不能识别的21种异常,其中t(2;15)(q33;q22)、t(6;7)(q23;q34)、t(8;11)(q24;q23)、t(1;14)(q10;q32)和t(X;1)(q26;q25)是新发现的核型异常.这10例随访的MM患者病例资料中9例已死亡,中位生存期仅为23个月,较公认的MM患者的平均生存期34个月明显缩短.结论 对伴有CCAs的MM患者,M-FISH技术可以明确CC分析中复杂染色体异常,并发现和纠正CC分析中漏检及误检的异常,为MM的染色体异常研究提供了一种重要的方法,已经成为精确染色体核型分析所不可缺少的手段之一.     

A complex chromosome rearrangement with at least five breakpoints studied by fluorescence in situ hybridization

A newborn infant with multiple congenital anomalies was diagnosed with an unbalanced translocation of chromosomes 1 and 5. Studies of parental chromosomes revealed a complex rearrangement in the patient's mother involving the exchange of terminal long arms between chromosomes 1 and 5 and the insertion of an interstitial segment from the same chromosome 5q into chromosome 2q by high-resolution G-banding. Further study of the mother's chromosomes by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) detected an additional insertion between the rearranged chromosomes 2 and 5, which was not revealed by G-banding. This led to the identification of a complex translocation-insertion between 3 chromosomes with at least 5 breaks [t(1;5;2)(1pter→1q42.3::5q23.2→5qter;5pter→5q21.2::2q33→2q35::1q42.3→1qter;2pter→2q33::5q21.2→5q23.2::2q35→2qter)] and illustrates the value of FISH as an adjunct to standard cytogenetics, particularly in cases of complex rearrangements. Am. J. Med. Genet. 68:417–420, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

A de novo complex chromosomal rearrangement with nine breakpoints characterised by FISH in a boy with mild mental retardation, developmental delay, short stature and microcephaly

A de novo complex chromosome rearrangement (CCR) involving chromosomes 1, 6, 7, 15 and Y was detected in a boy with mental retardation, short stature, and microcephaly. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) with whole chromosome painting libraries, band-specific cosmids and telomeric probes was essential for the characterisation of the rearrangement. The CCR was shown to be the result of at least nine chromosomal breaks and involved the alternating insertion of two segments of the short arm of chromosome 1 and two segments of the long arm of chromosome 6 into a novel derived chromosome 7. A non-reciprocal translocation between the distal short arm of the same chromosome 7 and the distal long arm of the Y chromosome was also found, together with a paracentric inversion of the long arm of chromosome 15. The only detectable imbalance was a deletion of the heterochromatic Yq telomeric region. FISH investigations in this case have revealed an additional complexity in this CCR, which has implications for reproductive risk assessment and genetic counselling.