螺旋藻对尾吊大鼠血脂、红细胞膜流动性和血管内皮细胞的影响

目的 观察模拟失重大鼠血脂、红细胞膜流动性、红细胞变形性和血管内皮细胞的变化以及螺旋藻对其影响。方法 30只雄性SD大鼠随机分为3组(每组10只)：A组为地面自由活动组；B组和C组为模拟失重组，其中A、B两组饲喂普通饲料，C组饲喂普通饲料 5％(W／W)螺旋藻全粉，连续饲喂3周。观察大鼠血脂浓度、红细胞膜的流动性、红细胞膜的变形性以及脱落循环上皮细胞数量的变化。结果 B组大鼠血总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、甘油三酯(TG)水平和HDL-C／TC以及红细胞变形性(IDmax)和红细胞膜流动性降低，动脉粥样硬化指数(AI)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)／HDL-C比值增高，血管脱落的内皮细胞增多。C组与B组相比，TC、HDL，C和红细胞变形性以及红细胞膜流动性增加，LDL-C／HDL-C比值AI降低以及脱落循环内皮细胞减少。结论 螺旋藻能改善模拟失重条件下大鼠的心血管以及红细胞膜的生理状况和调节血脂水平。     

尾部悬吊对大鼠比目鱼肌梭内外肌纤维乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的影响

目的：研究尾部悬吊对大鼠比目鱼肌肌型和梭内外肌纤维胆碱酯酶活性的影响，探讨失重或模拟失重状态下肌肉萎缩和肌型转换的机制。方法：选用雌性大鼠，以尾部悬吊法模拟失重。实验分为尾部悬吊7d、14d、21d组及相应的同步饲养对照组。以琥珀酸脱氢酶（SDH）确定肌型，检测不同类型梭内外肌纤维乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）活性。结果：悬吊使肌肉萎缩、梭外肌纤维构成比发生改变，Ⅰ型纤维减少而Ⅱ型纤维增多。Ⅰ、Ⅱ型梭外肌纤维和梭内肌纤维乙酰胆碱酯酶活性均减弱。结论：模拟失重可导致神经-肌接头胆碱酯酶活性减弱。这种变化可能与运动神经元活动下降有关。     

饮用加银水对尾吊大鼠脂质代谢的影响

目的 研究饮用加银水对尾吊模拟失重大鼠红细胞膜流动性、血脂和血管内皮细胞的影响。方法 30只SD雄性大鼠随机分为地面对照组(GC组)、模拟失重对照组(SC组)和模拟失重饮用0．20mg／L加银水组(SS组)，实验期21d。观察大鼠血脂指标、红细胞膜流动性以及脱落循环内皮细胞数量的变化。结果 SC组大鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平、HDL-C／TC比值以及红细胞膜流动性低于GC组，LDL-C(低密度脂蛋白胆固醇)／HDL-C比值和脱落循环内皮细胞数量高于GC组。SS组和SC组比较，SS组大鼠血清TC、LDL-C和LDL-C／HDL-C比值增高，HDL-C／TC比值和红细胞膜流动性降低。结论 长期饮用0．20mg／L加银水可以加重尾吊模拟失重大鼠脂质代谢的紊乱。     

模拟失重大鼠腰椎骨非胶原蛋白变化与骨矿盐丢失

为研究模拟失重条件下骨质中非胶原蛋白变化与骨矿盐丢失的关系以及了解骨钙素质量是否发生变化，观察了悬吊模拟失重２１ｄ大鼠第３腰椎（Ｌ３）中骨钙素（ＯＣ），白蛋白和矿盐含量的变化，同时也观察了血清ＯＣ与羟磷灰石的结合力。结果显示：悬吊模拟失重大鼠Ｌ３中ＯＣ白蛋白和矿盐含量显著降低，血清总ＯＣ和与羟磷灰石高亲合力ＯＣ显著降低，而与羟磷灰石低亲合力ＯＣ含量无改变。表明悬吊模拟失重大鼠Ｌ３矿盐丢失与骨质中Ｏ     

卒中后抑郁患者载脂蛋白H与血脂的相关研究

目的了解卒中后抑郁（PSD）患者载脂蛋白H（ApoH）和血脂水平特点,进一步探讨Aport对PSD的影响。方法①检测血清中甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（Tc）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）水平。②应用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测Aport水平。结果①PsD组AportmRNA表达量低于脑卒中组,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。@PSD组血清TG水平高于脑卒中组和对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。血清TC、HDL、LDL水平在各组间差异均无统计学意义（P均〉0．05）。结论载脂蛋白H结合甘油三酯可以作为PSD临床疗效评价的参考指标。     

Changes in Bone Noncollagenous Proteins and Bone Mineral Loss in Lumbar Vertebrae of Tail-Suspended Rats

为研究模拟失重条件下骨质中非胶原蛋白变化与骨矿盐丢失的关系以及了解骨钙素质量是否发生变化，观察了悬吊模拟失重２１ｄ大鼠第３腰椎（Ｌ３）中骨钙素（ＯＣ），白蛋白和矿盐含量的变化，同时也观察了血清ＯＣ与羟磷灰石的结合力。结果显示：悬吊模拟失重大鼠Ｌ３中ＯＣ白蛋白和矿盐含量显著降低，血清总ＯＣ和与羟磷灰石高亲合力ＯＣ显著降低，而与羟磷灰石低亲合力ＯＣ含量无改变。表明悬吊模拟失重大鼠Ｌ３矿盐丢失与骨质中ＯＣ和白蛋白含量低下和骨质中ＯＣ羧化功能降低有关。     

尾悬吊模拟失重大鼠肺组织一氧化氮合酶mRNA的研究

为探讨尾悬吊模拟失重大鼠肺组织诱导型一氧化氮合酶mRNA(iNOS mRNA)的变化，采用尾悬吊模拟失重法，将大鼠分为悬吊7天和21天及相应对照组4组，并采用原位杂交技术检测肺组织iNOS mRNA的表达情况，发现同正常对照组相比，7天尾悬吊模拟失重大鼠肺组织iNOSmRNA的表达水平明显增高（P＜0．01），21天悬吊组模拟失重大鼠肺组织iNOSmRNA的表达水平仍显著增高（P＜0．01），提示NO参与了在模拟失重条件下的肺组织损伤的过程。     

模拟失重大鼠动脉血管紧张素受体基因表达的研究

目的：探讨模拟失重下大鼠不同部位动脉血管紧张素受体mRNA表达是否发生变化。方法：大鼠被随机分为模拟失重组（SUS）与同步对照组（CON），采用尾部悬吊大鼠模型模拟失重影响。用逆转录-聚合酶链式反庆（RT-PCR）技术观察比较模拟失重下大鼠不同部位动脉血管紧张素两型受体基因表达的变化。结果：大鼠颈总动脉，腹主动脉及股动脉组织均有血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)的AT1a，AT1b及AT2受体mRNA的表达；而基底动脉组织则只有AT1a和AT1bmRNA的表达。模拟失重4周大鼠颈总动脉、腹主动脉、股动脉及基底动脉组织AngⅡ的AT1a、AT1b和AT2受体mRNA的表达，较对照大鼠均无显著变化。结论：模拟失重引起大鼠动脉血管结构与功能的变化可能不是通过血管紧张素受体的变化实现的。     

模拟失重对红核神经元超微结构的影响

目的 观察模拟失重对红核神经元超微结构的影响。方法 采用大鼠尾部悬吊法建立模拟失重动物模型，按体重配对原则随机将大鼠分为3组，即模拟失重14d组、21d组和正常对照组，每组6只。在透射电镜下对红核取材标本进行观察并拍照。结果 模拟失重14d组的红核神经元与正常对照组相比，细胞核略有畸型，核仁染色质溶解、边移，局部核膜连续性中断，核膜内折，核质电子密度增加：线粒体增生、肿胀呈球形；失重21d组其退行性改变更为严重。结论 模拟失重可致红核神经元超微结构明显的退行性改变，且随失重时间的延长而加重。     

尾悬吊模拟失重大鼠肺组织细胞凋亡调控基因的研究

为研究尾悬吊模拟失重大鼠肺组织细胞凋亡调控基因的变化，采用尾悬吊模拟失重，分为悬吊7天和21天及相应对照4组，每组10只健康雄性SD，并采用原位杂交技术检测肺组织bcl-2/bax的表达情况。发现7天尾悬吊模拟失重大鼠肺组织bcl-2 mRNA水平明显低于对照组，两者之间差异有显著性意义（P＜0．05），但21天bcl-2 mRNA水平与对照组相比无显著性差异（P＜0．05）；7天尾悬吊模拟失重大鼠肺组织bax mRNA水平明显高于对照组，两者之间差异有显著性意义（P＜0．05），但21天bax mRNA水平与对照组相比亦无显著性差异（P＞0．05）。提示尾悬吊7天模拟失重大鼠肺组织细胞凋亡调控基因存在变化。     

不同脂肪酸构成对大鼠肝脏HMG-CoAR、SREBP-1c表达的影响

目的探讨不同膳食脂肪酸构成比对大鼠脂质代谢相关基因HMG-CoAR、SREBP-1c的mRNA表达的影响。方法雌性SD大鼠随机分成6组,喂养6种不同膳食脂肪酸组成的饲料,即饱和脂肪酸组（SFA）、单不饱和脂肪酸组（MUFA）、n-6多不饱和脂肪酸组（n-6 PUFA）、n-3多不饱和脂肪酸组（n-3 PUFA）、1：1 n-6/n-3组及普通饲料喂养组,持续喂养18 w。并在实验第8 w和18 w时,提取大鼠肝脏组织,利用RT-PCR技术检测大鼠肝脏组织中HMG-CoAR、SREBP-1c mRNA表达状况。结果与对照组相比较,SFA能非常显著地升高HMG-CoAR mRNA的表达（P〈0.01）,MUFA能显著降低HMG-CoAR的基因表达（P〈0.05）,而PUFA则能够显著降低HMG-CoAR和SREBP-1c的基因表达（P〈0.05）。且在相同的总脂肪含量下,n-3 PUFA和n-6/n-3配比的膳食干预效果优于n-6 PUFA。结论 SFA、MUFA主要是通过HMG-CoAR途径来调控机体的脂质代谢,它们对SREBP-1c的表达无明显影响。PUFA调节血脂的作用机制可能与脂代谢基因HMG-CoAR和SREBP-1c有关。     

Effect of recovery mode following hind-limb suspension on soleus muscle composition in the rat.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of two different recovery modes from hind-limb suspension-induced hypodynamia on whole body and muscle (soleus) growth as well as soleus composition and size changes of different fiber types within this same muscle. Following 28 days of tail-suspension, rats were returned to their cages and sedentarily recovered (HS), or were exercised by running on a treadmill 5 days/wk, at progressively increasing workloads (HR) for one month. Sedentary and running control groups of animals (CS, CR) were also evaluated for comparative purposes. The exercise program, which was identical for CR and HR groups, had no effect on body wt., soleus wt., soleus muscle composition or fiber size in CR rats. Atrophied soleus muscle and reduced soleus wt./body wt. ratio (both 60% of control) had returned to control values by day 7 of recovery in both suspended groups despite the fact that whole body wt. gain was significantly reduced (p less than 0.05) in HR as compared to HS rats. Atrophied soleus Type I fiber mean cross-sectional area in both HR and HS groups demonstrated similar and significant (p less than 0.01) increases during recovery. Increases in Type IIa and IIc fiber area during this same period were significant only in the HR group. While the percentage area of muscle composed of Type I fibers increased in both hypodynamic groups during recovery, the reduction in area percentage of muscle made up of Type IIa fibers was again only significant in the HR group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

尾吊、噪声及其复合因素对大鼠免疫功能的影响

目的研究尾吊、噪声以及两种因素复合对大鼠免疫功能的影响。方法大鼠30°尾吊21 d、噪声2h及尾吊(21 d)+噪声(2 h)复合处理后,测定大鼠体重、胸腺重、脾重、白细胞及其分类,流式细胞术、Griess法分别测定T淋巴细胞亚群和血清NO含量。结果与对照组相比,尾吊组与尾吊+噪声复合应激组大鼠体重显著下降(P0.01),外周血白细胞数、中性粒细胞数及其百分比显著增加(P0.01),而淋巴细胞百分比显著下降(P0.05),尾吊+噪声复合应激组大鼠T淋巴细胞数和Th亚群数增加(P0.05),Th/Tc比显著升高(P0.01),各处理组大鼠血清NO含量均显著降低(P0.01)。结论尾吊明显影响大鼠体重、外周血免疫细胞含量和分布以及血清NO含量,噪声对尾吊大鼠淋巴细胞亚群的变化有协同效应。     

维生素E对尾部悬吊大鼠雄性生殖损伤的防护作用

目的 研究维生素E（VE）对尾部悬吊大鼠雄性生殖损伤的防护作用。方法 选用性成熟期健康SD雄性大鼠30只，随机分为对照组、尾吊组、VE＋尾吊组3组。14d后观察各组大鼠的睾丸重量、形态，精子数量和质量以及血清激素含量。结果 与对照组相比，尾吊组大鼠睾丸重量、精子数量和质量以及血清睾酮含量均显著下降（P〈0．0．5）。VE可以显著改善这些指标（P〈0．05）。另外，尾吊组大鼠睾丸生精小管萎缩，间质水肿。生精上皮层数减少，细胞排列松散，生精小管腔内的精子数明显减少。VE＋尾吊组大鼠睾丸形态结构部分恢复正常，生精小管腔内的精子数量增多。结论 VE对尾部悬吊造成的大鼠雄性生殖损伤有防护作用。     

模拟失重大鼠后肢骨ALP、ACP、Ⅰ型胶原及生物力学的变化

目的 观察3周模拟失重对大鼠股骨生物力学特性及碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、酸性磷酸酶（ACP）、胫骨Ⅰ型胶原含量的影响。方法 青年雄性SD大鼠14只按体重配对后随机等分为对照组（CON）和模拟失重组（TS）,采用尾部悬吊方法模拟失重,3周实验结束后处死大鼠,取新鲜股骨行三点弯曲法检测生物力学性状,取胫骨特殊化学染色法显示ALP,ACP,免疫组化法检测Ⅰ型胶原变化情况。结果 与对照组相比,模拟失重组大鼠股骨弹性载荷、最大载荷均显著下降（P〈0．01）,最大挠度显著增大（P〈0．05）。ALP染色显示TS组着色较对照组明显浅淡。ACP染色结果显示TS组较对照组阳性细胞明显增多。Ⅰ型胶原免疫组化染色显示TS组Ⅰ型胶原含量增加,排列不规则。结论 3周模拟失重使大鼠后肢骨生长受抑,引起大鼠股骨生物力学性能的全面下降,ALP胶原代谢紊乱。     

Reduction of tissue hyperplasia with a rhenium-188 mercaptoacetyltriglycine-3-filled balloon: preliminary study in a canine urethral model

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of beta-radiation therapy with rhenium-188 mercaptoacetyltriglycine-3 (MAG(3))-filled balloons to reduce tissue hyperplasia secondary to stent placement in 18 canine urethras. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight dogs were treated with 188-Re MAG(3)-filled balloon dilation immediately after stent placement and were killed 4 weeks later (group I, n = 4) or 8 weeks later (group II, n = 4). Five dogs were treated with 188-Re MAG(3)-filled balloon dilation 2 weeks after stent placement and were killed 4 weeks after stent placement (group III). The remaining five dogs were treated with conventional balloon dilation immediately after stent placement and were killed 4 weeks later; these animals formed the control group (group IV). Retrograde urethrography (RUG) was performed during follow-up and three histologic parameters were investigated: the number of epithelial layers, papillary projection thickness, and degree of submucosal inflammatory cell infiltration. The areas inside and outside the ends of the stents were evaluated in each case after animal sacrifice. After testing statistical significance of data for RUG and histologic findings in the four study groups, the Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare groups I and II to determine delayed effects of irradiation, groups I and III to determine benefits of delayed irradiation, groups I and IV to determine efficacy of immediate irradiation for reducing tissue hyperplasia, and groups III and IV to determine efficacy of delayed irradiation for reducing tissue hyperplasia. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the four study groups on RUG before animal sacrifice. Between groups I and II, group II showed significantly lower mean values in five of six histologic comparisons. Between groups I and III, group III showed significantly lower mean values in only papillary projection thickness inside the stent ends. Between groups I and IV, group I showed significantly lower mean values in all three histologic parameters outside the stent ends. Between groups III and IV, group III showed significantly lower mean values in only two histologic parameters (papillary projection thickness in the in-stent area and inflammatory cell infiltration outside the stent edges). CONCLUSION: beta-Irradiation with use of a 188-Re MAG(3)-filled balloon shows the potential to reduce tissue hyperplasia secondary to stent placement in a canine urethral model. Treatment with 188-Re MAG(3)-filled balloons at the time of stent placement shows not only favorable outcomes for reducing tissue hyperplasia but also improved delayed effects until 8 weeks.     

Influence of polyunsaturated fatty acid diet on the hemorrheological response to physical exercise in hypoxia

Several studies have shown that hemorrheological parameters are modified by physical exercise and exposure to altitude hypoxia. These changes result in a decrease in red cell deformability (RCD). Similarly, it has been shown that a daily dietary fish oil supplement increases RCD. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of fish oil diet on RCD after exercise. Fourteen male subjects (19-38 years old) were divided into two groups. The first group ate a "standard diet" rich in saturated lipids; the second group received a daily amount of 6 g of MaxEPA fish oil for 6 weeks. Before the 6 weeks of experimental nutrition, and just after this period, both groups were submitted to two physical exercises of 1 h cycling at 70% of their VO2max. One test was performed at sea level, the other at a simulated altitude of 3000 m in a hypobaric chamber. Blood samples were drawn before and after exercise and used to evaluate: (1) RCD by filtration on polycarbonate membrane, (2) plasma viscosity, and (3) erythrocyte phospholipid composition. Energy charge of red cell was evaluated by ATP/AMP/ADP and two to three DPB assays. Gas liquid chromatography indicated an increase in n-3 PUFA membrane erythrocyte composition. In the control group, RCD decreased by an average of 53% after exercise under hypoxic conditions and was unchanged after the same exercise at sea level. MaxEPA diet suppresses the decrease in RCD observed after hypoxic exercise. These results indicate a decrease in RCD under the combined effects of exercise and hypoxia, which is prevented by 6 weeks of fish oil supplement.     

复合微量营养素对营养缺乏小鼠游泳耐力的影响及其机制

目的 研究复合微量营养素的抗疲劳效果及可能机制.方法 取SPF级雄性昆明种小鼠125只,分别以下述不同的饲料喂养.全营养素饲料.即AIN-93M饲料,主要成分和比例为:玉米淀粉46.6％、酪蛋白14％、糊精15.5％6.蔗糖10％、豆油4％、纤维素5％、矿物盐粉3.5％、维生素粉1％、胱氨酸0.18％、叔丁基氢醌8ppm.营养素缺乏饲料,在AIN-93M饲料的基础上将维生素粉和矿物盐粉减少为原来的70％、50％或30％(后称70％、50％、30％微量营养素饲料),其余以淀粉补足.复合微量营养素粉添加饲料,在营养素缺乏30％饲料的基础上,将减少的维生素粉和无机盐粉以复合微量营养素粉补足,其主要成分及含量(g/kg)为:VitA 0.25、VitB10.3、Vit B2 0.3、Vit B6 0.35、烟酸1.5、VitD 0.05、VitC50、VitE 10以及碳酸钙180、甘氨酸铁1、乳酸锌1、玉米淀粉755.25.分别干喂养14d和28d后取不同饲料(AIN-93M饲料及70％、50％、30％微量营养素饲料)喂养的小鼠,于尾部系5％体重的铅丝进行负重游泳,记录小鼠游泳力竭时间.于喂养至28d时,取不同饲料(AIN-93M饲料及70％微量营养素饲料、复合微量营养素粉添加饲料)喂养的小鼠,使其负重游泳60min,游泳后立即取外周血测定生化指标,取肝组织测定肝糖原含量.结果 与AIN-93M饲料喂养小鼠相比,30％微量营养素饲料喂养小鼠的摄食量显著减少(P＜0.05),50％和70％微量营养素饲料喂养小鼠的摄食量变化并不显著,但70％、50％、30％饲料喂养小鼠的负重游泳时间均显著缩短(P＜0.05).与AIN-93M饲料喂养小鼠相比,营养素缺乏饲料喂养的小鼠负重游泳时间显著缩短(P＜0.05),复合微量营养素粉饲料喂养小鼠游泳时间与营养素缺乏饲料喂养小鼠比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但延长了13.2％.小鼠游泳后生化指标的变化趋势主要表现为血糖和肝糖原水平下降.乳酸、游离脂肪酸(NEFA)和尿素氮(NPN)水平升高.营养素缺乏饲料喂养小鼠的前述变化更为明显,而复合微量营养素粉饲料可有效缓解营养缺乏所致血糖和肝糖原水平下降,下调血乳酸、NEFA和NPN水平.结论 微量营养素摄入不足对小鼠游泳耐力有明显影响,复合微量营养素具有一定的抗疲劳作用,其机制可能与运动过程机体能量代谢的调控有关.     

长期游泳运动对2型糖尿病大鼠Musclin分泌和脂质代谢的影响

目的:研究2型糖尿病大鼠血清和骨骼肌musclin含量的变化,并初步探讨长期的游泳运动对2型糖尿病大鼠血清和骨骼肌musclin含量以及脂质代谢的影响及其关系。方法:雄性SD大鼠60只,随机抽取8只作为正常对照组(C组,n=8),喂以标准普通饲料。其余大鼠喂以高糖高脂饲料,6周后,禁食10 h,按30 mg/kg体重的剂量腹腔注射1%链尿佐菌素(STZ)溶液,并继续喂以高糖高脂饲料。7天后,有39只大鼠形成2型糖尿病。抽取19只DM大鼠随机分为糖尿病对照组(DM组,n=9)和糖尿病运动锻炼组(DME组,n=10)。C组和DM大鼠不进行游泳运动锻炼,DME组大鼠适应性游泳运动1周后再进行每周6次、每次60min、持续12周的无负重游泳运动。13周后,检测大鼠空腹血糖(FBG)、血清胰岛素(FINS)和血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)含量以及血清、骨骼肌musclin的含量。结果与C组相比,DM组大鼠血清Ins含量明显降低,FBG、TG、TC显著增加,血清和骨骼肌musclin含量显著升高;与DM组相比,DME组大鼠血清Ins含量显著升高,FBG和血TC水平显著降低,血清和骨骼肌musclin含量均显著降低。结论①2型糖尿病大鼠血清和骨骼肌musclin含量显著增加,可能与2型糖尿病发生和发展过程中糖脂代谢紊乱有关。②长期游泳运动可以降低2型糖尿病大鼠血清和骨骼肌musclin的含量,有效改善糖尿病机体的糖脂代谢紊乱。