老年急性阑尾炎患者行开腹切除术与腹腔镜切除术的临床疗效比较

目的比较腹腔镜切除术与开腹切除术治疗老年急性阑尾炎的临床疗效。方法选择该院2013-01~2015-10期间收治65岁以上老年急性阑尾炎并已实施手术患者50例,并根据所选的手术方式,分为腹腔镜阑尾炎手术组(LA组)25例,传统开腹手术组(OA组)25例,记录两组术中及术后相关指标并作数据分析。结果与LA组比较,OA组的手术时间较长,术中出血量较多,切口长度及住院时间较长(P0.01),但综合就医费用较少(P0.01);OA组的术后镇痛药使用和并发症发生率较高(P0.05)。结论老年急性阑尾患者行腹腔镜阑尾炎切除手术具有创伤小、出血少、住院时间短、术后并发症少、镇痛药使用少等优势,值得在临床上推广应用。     

老年腹腔镜阑尾切除术80例分析

腹腔镜阑尾切除术(laparoscopic appendectomy,LA)正逐渐被广大外科医生及患者所接受[1].LA具有术后疼痛轻、住院时间短、恢复快、并发症少等优点,明显优于传统的开腹手术(open appendectomy,OA).近年来老年阑尾炎发病率有上升趋势[2].本文对2005年~2010年我院老年阑尾炎患者临床资料进行临床分析.     

老年急性阑尾炎行腹腔镜与开腹手术的对比分析

目的对比分析腹腔镜(LA)和开腹阑尾切除术(OA)治疗老年急性阑尾炎的手术效果。方法2003年1月至2006年1月行阑尾切除术治疗老年阑尾炎56例,其中LA27例,OA29例。比较2种术式的手术时间、下床活动时间、术后排气时间、疼痛评分、误诊率、止痛药使用率、切口感染率、置管引流率、残余脓肿发生率、住院时间和综合费用。结果LA组和OA组以上各指标(除手术时间和综合费用外)差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对于老年急性阑尾炎,和OA相比,LA具有创伤小、恢复快、并发症少和平均住院时间短等优点,值得临床推广。     

腹腔镜手术与开腹手术治疗老年胃十二指肠穿孔的疗效对比

目的 探讨腹腔镜手术与传统开腹术治疗老年胃十二指肠穿孔的临床疗效.方法 收集该院72例老年胃十二指肠穿孔患者的手术资料,将其随机分为两组,腹腔镜组36例,行腹腔镜胃十二指肠穿孔修补术;开腹组36例,行传统开腹胃十二指肠穿孔修补术.观察两组老年患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后排气时间、胃肠功能恢复时间、术后住院时间以及术后并发症并进行比较.结果 腹腔镜组手术时间和出血量明显少于开腹组(P＜0.05),术后排气时间、胃肠功能恢复时间以及住院时间亦比开腹组短(P＜0.05),术后老年患者并发症发生率明显低于开腹组(P＜0.05);腹腔镜组的总有效率(94.4％)高于开腹组的总有效率(77.8％)(P＜0.05).结论 腹腔镜手术治疗老年胃十二指肠穿孔具有微创、恢复快、术后并发症少、住院时间短等优点,值得临床推广应用.     

单孔腹腔镜阑尾切除术治疗老年急性阑尾炎的疗效

目的探讨老年患者经脐单孔腹腔镜阑尾切除术的临床价值。方法调查该院2013年5月至2014年5月63例老年阑尾炎患者,在脐孔切口3 cm应用单孔腹腔镜器械完成腹腔镜下阑尾切除手术。结果 62例患者完成手术,1例术中发现回盲部肿瘤改行右半结肠切除术,1例患者术后切口感染,全部患者4 d后出院。术后随访6个月,62例患者无切口感染、肠瘘、再发右下腹痛等并发症发生。结论经脐单孔腹腔镜阑尾切除术简单易行、安全、并发症少、恢复快、美容效果较好,适用于老年患者。     

腹腔镜阑尾切除术临床观察

目的:探讨腹腔镜阑尾切除术(LA)治疗阑尾炎的效果以及总结经验。方法:回顾分析620例急慢性阑尾炎患者均行LA的临床资料,并进行总结分析。结果:620例阑尾炎患者中,613例行LA,3例行腹腔镜阑尾周围脓肿引流手术,其中有7例患者因异位阑尾根部穿孔伴盲肠水肿,LA不满意而转为开腹,所有患者均顺利完成手术。平均手术时间为(44.6±11.8)min,平均术中出血量(26.7±6.8)ml,平均术后使用抗生素时间(3.6±1.2)d;平均术后住院时间(3.2±0.9)d。术后6例患者出现伤口感染,发生率0.97%,均经换药后治愈。结论:腹腔镜阑尾切除术是一种安全、有效的阑尾切除手术,可以在临床上广泛推广和应用。     

腹腔镜及开腹手术治疗小儿复杂性阑尾炎268例

目的:对比分析腹腔镜和开腹阑尾切除术在治疗小儿复杂性阑尾炎中的疗效.方法:回顾性分析2000-01/2009-11小儿复杂性阑尾炎患者268例临床资料,其中腹腔镜阑尾切除术(LA)128例,开腹阑尾切除术(OA)140例,比较两组手术情况和疗效.结果:手术时间:LA组较OA组长(62.2 min±15.3 min vs 57.1 min±6.4 min,P<0.01);术后肛门排气时间:LA组较OA组短(26.8 h±7.6 h vs 42.9 h±8.3 h.P<0.001);术后住院时间:LA组较OA组短(5.2 d±2.3 d vs 9.5 d±2.6d,P<0.001);术后腹腔脓肿LA组1例,OA组9例(P=0.036);切口感染:LA组3例,OA组28例(P<0.001);肠梗阻:LA组2例,OA组5例(P=0.518).结论:LA较OA具有创伤小、恢复快、并发症少、住院时间短和美容效果好等优点,是治疗小儿复杂性阑尾炎一种安全有效的手术方式.     

86例老年腹腔镜胆囊切除的临床体会

目的：探讨老年腹腔镜胆囊切除术的优越性。方法：回顾分析86例老年腹腔镜胆囊切除术的治疗效果。结果：86例老年人LC均获成功，术后恢复良好，未发生严重并发症，平均手术时间及住院天数均缩短。结论：只要高度重视围手术期的处理，对老年病人施行LC更能体现腹腔镜的优越性。     

腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术治疗老年结直肠癌患者的疗效及对胃肠功能的影响

目的探讨腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术治疗老年结直肠癌患者的临床疗效及对胃肠功能的影响。方法选择101例老年结直肠癌患者,采用随机数字表法分为观察组51例与对照组50例,观察组实施腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术,对照组实施传统开腹手术,观察两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间,胃动素与胃泌素水平、胃肠功能恢复情况以及并发症。结果观察组手术时间明显长于对照组,术中出血量及住院时间均明显短于对照组;胃动素、胃泌素水平明显高于对照组;肠鸣音恢复时间、术后排气时间及开始进食时间明显低于对照组;术后并发症明显低于对照组(均P0.05)。结论腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术可明显减少术中出血量、降低术后并发症,促进胃肠功能恢复,缩短住院时间。     

内镜逆行阑尾炎治疗术与腹腔镜阑尾切除术治疗急性非复杂性阑尾炎的疗效对比研究

目的 比较内镜逆行阑尾炎治疗术(ERAT)与腹腔镜阑尾切除术(LA)在治疗急性非复杂性阑尾炎(UCAA)中的疗效。方法 以2020年8月至2023年8月中山市人民医院黄圃院区消化内科收治的80例急性非复杂性阑尾炎患者作为本研究研究对象,根据患者是否愿意进行ERAT治疗进行分组,将患者分为ERAT组(n=40)和LA组(n=40)。ERAT组行ERAT术,LA组行LA术,比较两组患者手术相关指标(手术时间、术后卧床时间、住院时间、术中出血量)、炎症指标(IL-6、CRP、PCT、TNF-α)及疼痛介质指标(DA、SP、5-HT、PGE2)及术后并发症(消化道出血、切口感染、腹腔脓肿、肠梗阻)发生情况。结果 ERAT组患者的手术时间、术后卧床时间、住院时间均较LA组显着缩短,同时ERAT组的术中出血量也较LA组明显减少(P<0.05)。ERAT组与LA组两组患者的炎症指标(IL-6、CRP、PCT、TNF-α)水平均较术前上升,ERAT组炎症指标(IL-6、CRP、PCT、TNF-α)均显着低于LA组(P<0.05)。ERAT组患者术后并发症发生率明显低于LA组(P<0....     

Three layer functional model and energy exchange concept of aging process

Relying on a certain degree of abstraction, we can propose that no particular distinction exists between animate or living matter and inanimate matter. While focusing attention on some specifics, the dividing line between the two can be drawn. The most apparent distinction is in the level of structural and functional organization with the dissimilar streams of ‘energy flow’ between the observed entity and the surrounding environment. In essence, living matter is created from inanimate matter which is organized to contain internal intense energy processes and maintain lower intensity energy exchange processes with the environment. Taking internal and external energy processes into account, we contend in this paper that living matter can be referred to as matter of dissipative structure, with this structure assumed to be a common quality of all living creatures and living matter in general. Interruption of internal energy conversion processes and terminating the controlled energy exchange with the environment leads to degeneration of dissipative structure and reduction of the same to inanimate matter, (gas, liquid and/or solid inanimate substances), and ultimately what can be called ‘death.’ This concept of what we call dissipative nature can be extended from living organisms to social groups of animals, to mankind. An analogy based on the organization of matter provides a basis for a functional model of living entities. The models relies on the parallels among the three central structures of any cell (nucleus, cytoplasm and outer membrane) and the human body (central organs, body fluids along with the connective tissues, and external skin integument). This three-part structural organization may be observed almost universally in nature. It can be observed from the atomic structure to the planetary and intergalactic organizations. This similarity is corroborated by the membrane theory applied to living organisms. According to the energy nature of living matter and the proposed functional model, the decreased integrity of a human body's external envelope membrane is a first cause of the structural degradation and aging of the entire organism. The aging process than progresses externally to internally, as in single cell organisms, suggesting that much of the efforts towards the restoration and maintenance of the mechanisms responsible for structural development should be focused accordingly, on the membrane, i.e., the skin. Numerous reports indicate that all parts of the human body, like: bones, blood with blood vessels, muscles, skin, and so on, have some ability for restoration. Therefore, actual revival of not only aging tissue of the human body's membrane, but the entire human body enclosed within, with all internal organs, might be expected. We assess several aging theories within the context of our model and provide suggestions on how to activate the body's own anti-aging mechanisms and increase longevity. This paper presents some analogies and some distinctions that exist between the living dissipative structure matter and inanimate matter, discusses the aging process and proposes certain aging reversal solutions.     

Unusual responses of nocturnal pineal melatonin synthesis and secretion to swimming: Attempts to define mechanisms

Abstract: The effect of swimming at night on rat pineal melatonin synthesis was compared with that of light exposure at night. Rats were forced to swim at 0030 hr (lights out at 2000 hr) and sacrificed by decapitation 15 and 30 min later, immediately after swimming. Other groups of animals were exposed to white light (650μW/cm²) for 15 and 30 min at same time. Swimming caused a rapid and highly significant drop in the melatonin content in the pineal gland; however, the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the supposed rate limiting enzyme in the melatonin production, was not changed. Despite the drop in pineal melatonin levels, serum concentrations of the indole remained elevated in the rats that swam. In contrast, melatonin levels in the pineal and serum of light exposed rats fell precipitously, accompanied by a significant suppression of NAT activity. Since we anticipated that the strenuous exercise associated with swimming may induce release of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart, which in turn could cause the release of pineal melatonin, in a second study we injected physiological saline intravenously to stretch the cardiac muscle and release ANP. Three milliliters of normal saline was injected during the day into the jugular vein of anesthetized rats that were pretreated with isoproterenol to stimulate pineal melatonin production. Animals were killed 15 min after the saline injection, and pineal NAT activity and pineal melatonin levels were measured. The saline injections caused no alteration in the elevated levels of either NAT or melatonin. These data suggest that the disparity in pineal NAT activity (which was high) and pineal melatonin (which was low), in animals swum at night, may not be caused by ANP which is released during strenuous exercise such as swimming.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Melatonin and photoperiodic time measurement: Seasonal breeding in the sheep

Abstract: Well-established circadian physiology supports the view that photoperiodic time measurement utilizes the coincidence between the presence of light and a photosensitive phase of a 'biological clock' to alter reproductive status—the so-called external coincidence model of seasonal breeding. In this review, we examine the mechanism whereby photoperiod interacts with presumed suprachiasmatic nuclei activity to allow endogenous melatonin to normally synchronize reproductive activity to the optimal time of year. The Romney Marsh sheep is particularly explored as an experimental model. It is suggested that the on/off activity of seasonal reproduction may be a robust mechanism able to be predictably manipulated by the judicious use of the light/dark cycle and exogenous melatonin, but firmly based on circadian principles.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Language of CTO interventions – Focus on hardware

The knowledge of variety of chronic total occlusion (CTO) hardware and the ability to use them represents the key to success of any CTO interventions. However, the multiplicity of CTO hardware and their physical character and the terminology used by experts create confusion in the mind of an average interventional cardiologist, particularly a beginner in this field. This knowledge is available but is scattered. We aim to classify and compare the currently used devices based on their properties focusing on how physical character of each device can be utilized in a specific situation, thus clarifying and simplifying the technical discourse.