心理干预对减轻农村妇女宫颈癌筛查负性心理的效果

目的探讨心理干预对减轻农村妇女宫颈癌筛查负性心理的效果。方法纳入清远市2016年7月至2017年12月期间进行宫颈癌筛查的农村贫困妇女共25 145例作为观察组,给予心理干预;纳入清远市2015年1月至2016年6月期间进行宫颈癌筛查的农村贫困妇女共25 145例作为对照组,给予常规护理。比较两组妇女的负性情绪、宫颈癌筛查知识知晓率、对护理服务的满意度。结果观察组无焦虑、无抑郁比例均高于对照组(P <0.05)。观察组的宫颈癌筛查知识知晓率为99.39%,高于对照组的85.63%(P <0.05)。观察组妇女对护理服务的满意度为99.57%,高于对照组的76.56%(P <0.05)。结论在农村妇女宫颈癌筛查中,心理干预可有效改善其负性情绪,提高宫颈癌筛查知识知晓率与对护理服务的满意度。     

对宫颈癌早期筛查患者实施护理干预的效果观察

目的探讨对接受宫颈癌早期筛查后的宫颈炎患者实施护理干预的效果。方法选取2013年6月至9月294例在我院妇产科门诊首次接受宫颈液基细胞学检查(thinprep cytologic test,TCT)+人乳头瘤样病毒(HPV)检查、年龄<50岁的宫颈炎患者。采用自制问卷对患者接受干预措施前后对宫颈癌早期筛查的认知进行对比。结果患者接受干预措施前后对宫颈癌早期筛查的认知的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论护士以健康信念模式为指导的个性化健康教育,利用各种宣传方式和途径做好患者宫颈癌防治知识普及和指引,能有效提高患者对宫颈癌早期筛查的认知程度,使患者树立健康的信念并改善患者参与宫颈癌早期筛查行为,最终达到及时发现、及时诊断、及时治疗的宫颈癌防治目的。     

Cervical Cancer Knowledge and Prevention Among College Women

The purpose of this study was to assess cervical cancer knowledge and prevention practices among college women and to determine predictors of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in this group. A quantitative approach using two varying groups of women was undertaken. College women and women visiting a local community health center were surveyed on items assessing cervical cancer knowledge and prevention practices. Altogether, 410 women were sampled, 217 college women and 193 from the local community health center. HPV vaccine initiation was higher among the college group (36 %) compared to (5 %) among the community health center group. Seventy three (73 %) percent of women in the community group had a Papanicolaou test in the preceding 3 years compared to (61.8 %) in the college group. College women reported higher cervical cancer knowledge than community women. This study highlights that cervical cancer knowledge and preventive practices are variable among women and that significant differences exist among college and community women. This calls for more strategic and accessible services incorporating group specific messages and interventions.     

Cervical Cancer Screening by Immigrant and Minority Women in Canada

Cervical cancer is one of the most preventable forms of cancer and the Pap smear test is one of the most widely accessible forms of cancer screening. An important public health issue is the extent to which Canadian women are engaging in regular screening for cervical cancer, particularly potentially at-risk groups such as recent immigrants and women from minority ethnic backgrounds. We use recent population health surveys to analyze immigrant and native-born women's use of Pap smear testing, with a focus on how screening rates differ by ethnic background and characteristics of immigration. We find that almost all recent immigrant women have markedly lower use of Pap smear testing than comparable Canadian-born women, but these rates slowly increase with years in Canada. However, we find wide variation in rates of screening by ethnic background. Screening rates for White immigrant women from countries where the official language is neither English nor French approach Canadian-born women's utilization rates after 15-20 years in Canada, as do the screening rates of Black and Hispanic women. Screening rates for those from Asian backgrounds remain significantly below native-born Canadian levels even after many years in Canada. As well, immigrant women of Asian background who arrived as children and second-generation Asian Canadians both exhibit significantly lower rates of Pap smear testing than Canadian-born White women.     

Prioritizing Prevention: Culture,Context, and Cervical Cancer Screening among Vietnamese American Women

Few studies have investigated what Vietnamese American women believe about the Pap smear or how those beliefs might influence behavior. Thirty-one Vietnamese American women recruited through snowball sampling were interviewed about their beliefs regarding the Pap smear. Interviews were qualitatively analyzed using a theoretically informed, inductive approach. The women interviewed emphasized the importance of primary prevention of disease through culturally-informed personal health regimens. They were also largely unfamiliar with the Pap smear, but believed that gynecological exams in general were effective and necessary for disease detection. Finally, when access to gynecological care was difficult, women’s faith in their own preventive behaviors helped alleviate their concerns over lack of care. While culturally associated beliefs do not simply “cause” Vietnamese American women to seek or avoid Pap smears, they do influence screening behaviors to a greater or lesser degree, depending on other contextual variables.     

Cervical Cancer Screening Among Southeast Asian American Women

The incidence of cervical cancer is high among Southeast Asian American women, but their participation in preventive cervical cancer screening is alarmingly low. This paper reviews the literature on factors associated with participation in cervical cancer screening among women of Vietnamese, Cambodian and Hmong descent in the United States. These factors include acculturation, age, marital status, knowledge about cervical cancer, apprehension about cervical cancer screening, financial concerns, access to health care, and physician characteristics and recommendation. Suggestions for future research include the need to investigate the role of physicians treating Southeast Asian American women, the need for more extensive up-to-date studies on the current generation of young Southeast Asian American women, and the use of more advanced assessments of acculturation. Overall, much more work is needed in order to deepen our understanding of the various ways to improve the rate of cervical cancer screening among Southeast Asian American women.     

Fatalistic Beliefs and Cervical Cancer Screening Among Mexican Women

Fatalistic beliefs about cervical cancer were studied in 464 Mexican women, and how such beliefs relate to participation in cervical cancer screening was evaluated. Rural women were less likely than urban women to have had a Pap test and more likely to believe that the illness is due to bad luck or fate. These were also the beliefs most associated with nonscreening among rural women, whereas for urban women the belief most associated with nonscreening was “there is not much I can do to prevent cervical cancer.”     

The Effect of Educational Program on Increasing Cervical Cancer Screening Behavior among Women in Hamadan, Iran: Applying Health Belief Model

Background: The systematic application of Pap test helps early diagnosis and effective treatment of cervical cancer. This study was conducted to assess the effect of education on health beliefs and practice of women eligible for Pap test using Health Belief Model (HBM). Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in Hamadan City, the west of Iran, in 2010 using before-after design. In this study, 70 women aged 16 to 54 years participated voluntarily who had never done Pap test until the date of the study. The volunteers were divided into several small groups. For each group, 2-hour training session was held twice. The data collection tool was a self-administered multi-choice questionnaire that was developed based on HBM constructs. Health beliefs and practice of the target group were evaluated pre-intervention and four months later. Results: Our findings indicated that education based on HBM was effective and could enhance the participants' knowledge significantly and improve the HBM constructs including perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, and barriers. The training program enhanced the practice from zero before intervention to 81.4% after that. The results of the present study revealed that increase in knowledge had effect on the HBM constructs. Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between knowledge and both age and educational level. Conclusion: Health education based on HBM can enhance women's knowledge of cervical cancer, change their health beliefs and improve their behaviors regarding screening programs like Pap test.     

Cervical Cancer Screening and Sexual Risky Behaviors among a Population of Hispanic Origin

ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of cervical cancer screening through Papanicolaou (Pap) test utilization and its association with sexual behaviors among a population-based sample of Hispanic women in Puerto Rico (PR).MethodsThis study was a secondary data analysis of the database of a cross-sectional study of HPV infection in PR (2010–2013; n = 554 women). Pap test utilization (past 3 years) was self-reported and sexual risky behavior was defined as an index that considered the following sexual behaviors: early age of sexual debut (≤16 years), 11 or more lifetime sexual partners, and 2 or more sexual partners in the last year. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the magnitude of the association between sexual risk behavior and Pap test utilization, after adjusting for socioeconomic and lifestyles characteristics.ResultsThe overall prevalence of Pap test utilization was 78.0%. Pap test screening varied with sexual behavior, with women with none or one risky sexual behavior having higher odds of Pap test utilization in the past 3 years (odds ratio [OR], 1.74; 95% CI, 1.03–2.93) compared with those with two or three risky sexual behaviors. This difference remained marginally significant (p < .10) after adjusting for age, educational attainment, smoking status and STI history (OR, 1.72; 95% CI, 0.96–3.08).ConclusionsThe prevalence of cervical cancer screening in this population (78%) is still below Healthy People 2020 recommendations (93%). Also, women with risky sexual behaviors are less likely to have been screened. Efforts to promote cervical screening programs should focus on these high-risk women as a method for cervical cancer prevention and control.     

漯河市农村妇女宫颈癌筛查结果分析

目的 了解漯河市农村妇女宫颈癌前病变及宫颈癌的发病情况。方法 应用液基细胞学检查技术并结合TBS分级系统,采用随机原则于2012年3月 - 6月对该市20个农村6 007例妇女进行免费宫颈癌筛查,在HPV分流下对ASC及其以上病变行阴道镜检查,取病理学活检并做相应处理。结果 共筛查6 007人,合格标本5 919例,异常439（7.42%）例,44～47岁组妇女患病率高。其中ASC:288例（4.87%）,LSIL:96例（1.62%）,HSIL:51例（0.86%）,SCC:4 例（0.07%）;根据HPV结果,对310例患者进行阴道镜及组织病理活检。结果发现正常或炎症163例（58.58%）,CINⅠ55例（17.74%）,CINⅡ28例（9.32%）,CINⅢ59例（19.03%）,浸润癌5例（1.61%）。结论 农村妇女是宫颈癌发病的高危人群,各级部门应重视农村妇女宫颈癌筛查工作。     

不同文化程度及居住形式对妇女宫颈癌筛查知识掌握及意识状态的影响研究

目的比较不同文化程度及居住形式对本区妇女宫颈癌筛查知识掌握及意识状态的影响。方法选取2010年8月-2012年5月本区的320例妇女为研究对象,将其中不同文化程度及居住形式妇女的宫颈癌筛查知识掌握情况及意识状态进行调查及比较。结果文化程度较高及常住人口的筛查知识掌握优良率及对筛查的重视度较高率均高于其他妇女,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论本区文化程度较低及流动人口妇女的宫颈癌筛查知识掌握情况及意识状态均相对较差,应引起这方面的重视。