初次甲状腺癌术后声带麻痹模型预测分析

目的 构建初次行甲状腺癌手术患者术后声带麻痹情况的预测模型,预测声带麻痹发生几率。方法 回顾性分析2012年1月—2022年2月收集的394例甲状腺癌患者的临床资料,根据术后有无声带麻痹分为声带麻痹组与无声带麻痹组。根据时间顺序,将2012年1月—2021年5月收集的358例患者作为建模组,2021年6月—2022年2月收集的36例患者作为验证组,运用单因素及多因素,分析两组临床患者基本资料,选择最合适的自变量构建Logistic回归模型,分析甲状腺癌术后声带麻痹的影响因素。内部通过十折交叉验证,外部验证通过比较建模组及验证组的区分度、校准度及临床有效性,绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线、校准曲线及临床决策曲线,评估Logistic回归模型预测价值,计算约登指数、灵敏度、特异度、预测概率P值,根据P=1/1+e^-y,计算出Y值,最后绘制Nomogram图。结果 394例患者均一次完成甲状腺癌手术切除,术后41例患者发生声带麻痹,声带麻痹发生率为10.4%。Logistic回归模型可知喉返神经入喉处是否粘连(OR=11.804,95%CI为3.078~45.273)、术前Tg(OR=0.021,95%CI为0.002~0.202)、是否贴近喉返神经(OR=20.984,95%CI为2.058~214.007)、手术时间(OR=2.768,95%CI为1.122~6.829)是甲状腺癌术后声带麻痹的独立预测因素。十折交叉验证显示ROC曲线下面积为0.7284,建模组ROC曲线下面积为0.794 3(95%CI为0.716~0.872),验证组ROC曲线下面积为0.772 2(95%CI为0.526~1);Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检测显示模型拟合较好,建模组Chi-Square=1.1,P=0.981 6,验证组Chi-Square=3.87,P=0.567 7;约登指数最大为0.188,此时灵敏度为0.57,特异度为0.62,ROC曲线下面积为0.59,P=0.216,为最佳临界值,根据P=1/1+e^-y,此时Y=-1.25。结论 本回归模型预测准确度较好,对甲状腺癌术后预防声带麻痹的发生具有一定的参考意义。     

临床淋巴结阴性甲状腺微小乳头状癌患者中央区淋巴结转移危险因素分析

目的 探讨临床淋巴结阴性(cN₀)甲状腺微小乳头状癌(PTMC)患者颈中央区淋巴结转移(CLNM)预测模型。方法 本研究纳入2015—2020年在西安交通大学第一附属医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科手术确诊的cN₀-PTMC患者共1271例,根据手术记录和术后病理结果统计年龄、性别、肿瘤最大径、肿瘤位置、侧别、BRAF^V600E基因突变、伴结节性甲状腺肿(NG)和桥本氏甲状腺炎(HT)情况、腺外侵犯、被膜侵犯、颈淋巴结转移等临床病理资料,分析CLNM与各临床病理参数的相关性。结果 采用年龄45岁作为分类标准进行单因素分析。结果显示男性患者、年龄、肿瘤直径、是否伴HT、是否多灶性均与cN₀-PTMC发生CLNM相关(P＜0.05)。伴NG、BRAF^V600E基因突变、肿瘤位置、腺外侵犯、肿瘤侧、被膜侵犯均与cN₀-PTMC发生CLNM无相关性(P＞0.05)。继续进行非条件Logistic回归分析,结果显示男性患者(OR=1.929,95%CI: 1.465~2.541),年龄≤45岁(OR=2.581,95%CI:2.004~3.324),多灶性(OR=1.675,95%CI: 1.276~2.197)是cN₀-PTMC患者发生CLNM的独立危险因素;直径≤5 mm(OR=0.603,95%CI: 0.463~0.785)和伴HT(OR=0.642,95%CI: 0.452~0.913)是cN₀-PTMC患者发生CLNM的保护因素。伴HT是cN₀-PTMC患者BRAF^V600E基因野生型的危险因素(OR=3.454,95%CI: 1.865~6.397)。结论 男性患者、年龄≤45岁、肿瘤直径＞5 mm、不伴HT、多灶性是cN₀-PTMC患者发生CLNM的独立危险因素。伴HT是此类患者发生BRAF^V600E基因突变的保护因素,与其他临床病理特征无相关性。     

CysLTR1基因多态性与孟鲁司特治疗变应性鼻炎患儿反应性的关系

目的 探讨半胱氨酰白三烯受体1(CysLTR1)基因多态性与孟鲁司特治疗变应性鼻炎患儿反应性的关系。方法 前瞻性选取2018年1月—2021年4月就诊的变应性鼻炎患儿310例,男173例,女137例。均接受孟鲁司特治疗1个月。收集患儿基线资料、临床资料、实验室资料、肺功能指标等,以聚合酶链式反应(PCR)技术检测两组CysLTR1(927T/C、434 T/C)基因多态性,采用Logistic回归分析评价CysLTR1多态性与孟鲁司特治疗变应性鼻炎患儿反应性之间的关系。结果 治疗后,根据治疗反应性分为反应性良好组和反应性不良组。反应性不良组45例(14.52%),反应性良好组265例(85.48%)。两组患儿年龄、性别、家族史等一般资料对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组患儿体重指数、合并哮喘比例、血清25 羟维生素 D3[25(OH)D3]、CysLTR1 434 T/C多态性对比差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析显示体重指数(OR=1.520,95%CI=1.045~2.211)、合并哮喘(OR=97.737,95%CI=10.656~896.442)、CysLTR1 434 T/C 多态性中与TT型比较,CT型(OR=62.486,95%CI=6.440~606.304)、CC型(OR=159.229,95%CI=15.457~1 640.252)是孟鲁司特治疗反应性的危险因素;血清25(OH)D3(OR=0.673,95%CI=0.568~0.797)是孟鲁司特治疗反应性的保护因素(P均<0.05)。结论 CysLTR1基因多态性与孟鲁司特治疗变应性鼻炎患儿的反应性相关。     

耳内镜下鼓室成形术治疗慢性化脓性中耳炎术后听力恢复不良的相关因素分析

目的 分析耳内镜下鼓室成形术对静止期慢性化脓性中耳炎患者听力恢复不良的相关因素。方法 选择2017年2月-2019年11月在四川省八一康复中心治疗的静止期慢性化脓性中耳炎患者131例，所有患者均在全身麻醉下行耳内镜鼓室成形术。根据手术后6个月行纯音测听检测结果，骨气导间距（ABG）的不同将患者分为两组，ABG ≤ 20 dB为听力良好组，ABG>20 dB为听力不良组。采用单因素分析术后听力改善不良的原因及多因素Logistic回归法分析各因素对患者听力的综合作用。结果 术后ABG ≤ 20 dB患者81例，ABG>20 dB患者50例。两组患者因镫骨、鼓膜张肌腱、鼓室黏膜、咽鼓管、人工听骨类型及人工听骨材料的不同，导致术后听力差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，镫骨完整并活动（OR=0.606，95%CI=0.393~0.919）、镫骨完整活动不佳（OR=0.563，95%CI=0.329~0.844）、存在鼓膜张肌腱（OR=1.913，95%CI=1.508~2.449）、咽鼓管通畅（OR=1.818，95%CI=1.417~2.328）及人工听骨材料为钛合金（OR=2.250，95%CI=1.816~2.755）为慢性化脓性中耳炎患者行耳内镜下鼓室成形术后影响听力恢复的独立危险因素。结论 耳内镜下鼓室成形术可一定程度改善静止期慢性化脓性中耳炎患者听力，其听力恢复效果受镫骨状况、鼓膜张肌腱、咽鼓管功能及人工听骨材料的影响。     

甲状腺乳头状癌患者甲状腺肿瘤特征对颈侧区淋巴结转移的影响

目的 研究甲状腺乳头状癌患者甲状腺肿瘤特征对颈侧区淋巴结转移的预测作用。方法 回顾性分析2017年1月—2020年12月手术治疗的甲状腺乳头状癌患者的临床资料509例,男105例,女404例;年龄18~85岁,平均(45.38±14.85)岁。其中临床分期Ⅰ期382例,Ⅱ期127例。采用多因素二元Logistic回归分析甲状腺乳头状癌患者颈侧区淋巴结转移的影响因素。结果 根据病理诊断结果是否存在颈侧区淋巴结转移,其中178例患者存在颈侧区淋巴结转移,331例患者不存在颈侧区淋巴结转移。存在颈侧区转移和不存在颈侧区转移的患者临床资料比较发现,存在颈侧区转移的患者中年龄<40岁、肿瘤最大直径>2 cm、转移中央区淋巴数量>5个、多灶性以及鼠类肉瘤滤过性毒菌致癌基因同源体B1(v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1,BRAF)不存在突变的患者比例显著高于存在颈侧区转移的患者(P<0.05)。采用多因素二元Logistic回顾分析结果发现肿瘤最大直径>2 cm (OR=3.482,95%CI:1.482~5.642,P=0.000)、转移中央区淋巴结数量>5个(OR=6.583,95%CI:2.384~12.373,P=0.000)、多灶性(OR=3.473,95%CI:1.387~8.684,P=0.032)以及BRAF不存在突变(OR=3.952,95%CI:1.489~9.572,P=0.000)是甲状腺乳头状癌发生颈侧区淋巴结转移的独立危险因素。结论 肿瘤最大直径>2 cm、转移中央区淋巴数量>5个、多灶性以及BRAF不存在突变是甲状腺乳头状癌患者出现颈侧区淋巴结转移的独立危险因素。     

鼻中隔改良缝合技术在鼻中隔偏曲矫正术中的应用

目的 总结与探讨鼻中隔改良缝合技术在鼻中隔偏曲矫正术中的应用价值。方法 80例行鼻中隔偏曲矫正术的患者随机分为填塞组和缝合组,每组40例。对两组患者术后吞咽困难、鼻部疼痛、头痛、溢泪、耳闷、睡眠困难等症状进行视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分,并比较两组患者术后在鼻中隔血肿、鼻腔粘连、鼻中隔穿孔、局部感染等方面的发生率。结果 术后24 h,填塞组在吞咽困难、鼻部疼痛、头痛、耳闷、睡眠困难等方面的VAS评分值均高于缝合组(t=14.14、21.54、18.60、28.58、23.00,P均<0.05);术后48 h清理鼻腔时,填塞组的疼痛评分显著高于缝合组(t=26.80,P<0.05);此外,术后填塞组出现4例鼻中隔血肿、2例鼻腔粘连,而缝合组仅出现1例鼻中隔血肿,两组术后并发症的发生率经比较差异具有统计学意义(χ²=3.91,P<0.05)。结论 鼻中隔偏曲矫正术中应用鼻中隔改良缝合技术能明显改善患者术后的不适感,减少并发症的发生,值得临床推广应用。     

低温等离子手术治疗早期喉鳞状细胞癌整体预后及复发的相关因素研究

目的 探讨低温等离子手术治疗早期喉鳞状细胞癌(简称喉癌)的整体预后情况,并评估相关风险因素对患者无病生存期(DFS)的影响,从而分析影响手术疗效的因素,总结临床经验。方法 回顾性分析2013年4月—2020年12月接受经口内镜下低温等离子手术治疗、有完整随访资料的患者369例早期喉癌患者的临床资料。随访时间为32~124个月,中位随访时间72个月。并统计分析获得患者各项肿瘤学结果,包括DFS、总生存期(OS)、局部控制率(LC)、保喉率(LP)。结果 术后共计70例患者出现复发,40例死亡。所有患者总的1、2、5年DFS分别为89%(95%CI:86%~92%)、85%(95%CI:82%~89%)、80%(95%CI:76%~84%),中位DFS未到达。1、2、5年OS分别为97%(95%CI:96%~99%)、92%(95%CI:89%~95%)、89%(95%CI:85%~92%),中位OS未到达。且累及前连合显著影响患者DFS,但对OS没有影响。而ACI患者1、2、5年DFS分别为87%(95%CI:82%~92%)、82%(95%CI:77%~88%)、76%(95%CI:70%~82%)。而未侵犯患者1、2、5年DFS分别为92%(95%CI:87%~96%),89%(95%CI:84%~93%),85%(95%CI:79%~91%)。结论 等离子手术与CO₂激光手术或是单纯放疗的疗效较为接近。累及前连合与术后肿瘤切缘也是影响患者术后DFS的重要因素,并且术后复发患者的二次等离子手术并非禁忌。术前做好相应评估,在确认前连合区域外侧甲状软骨没有明显侵犯并且术前判断可以获得阴性切缘的情况下再考虑行等离子手术治疗,才能使患者获得最佳疗效。     

鼻中隔矫正术后鼻腔微创支架与膨胀海绵填塞的临床对照研究

目的 通过对比观察鼻腔支架与膨胀海绵应用于鼻中隔矫正术后填塞的临床效果及舒适度,分析鼻腔支架临床应用的安全性及有效性。方法 选择因鼻中隔偏曲行鼻中隔偏曲矫正术患者56例,按填塞方式随机分为鼻腔支架组（实验组26例）和膨胀海绵组（对照组30例）,比较两组填塞期止血效果、舒适度及并发症情况。结果 实验组有效率69%,对照组有效率60%,差异无统计学意义（χ²=0.517,P=0.472）,术后视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分均值显示实验组鼻塞、鼻痛、头痛、溢泪、面部胀痛、吞咽困难、睡眠障碍、口干及总体不适均小于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。实验组及对照组患者均未出现鼻中隔穿孔、鼻中隔血肿及感染等并发症。结论 鼻腔支架作为鼻中隔矫正术后新型填塞方式安全有效,舒适度优于膨胀海绵填塞,可进一步应用于临床。     

新辅助抗PD-1/PD-L1在可手术切除的头颈部鳞状细胞癌中的疗效及安全性分析与评价

目的 系统评价新辅助抗程序性死亡受体1(PD-1)或程序性死亡受体配体1(PD-L1)在可手术切除的头颈部鳞状细胞癌(HNSCC)患者中的疗效与安全性,为临床治疗提供参考。方法 检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library和Web of science等数据库从建库至 2023年11月前发表的研究,按照纳入及排除标准筛选文献,采用 JBI评价工具对文献进行质量评价,并应用Revman 5.4进行单臂Meta 分析。结果 共纳入15篇文献、496例患者。Meta分析结果显示：患者疾病客观缓解率为39%(95%CI：29%~54%),病理学缓解率为55%(95%CI：48%~63%),1年无进展生存率为84%(95%CI:75%~ 95%),1年总体生存率为86%(95%CI:78%~ 95%),患者的3级及以上不良反应的发生率为20%(95%CI：13%~31%)。12项研究报道了与治疗相关的手术延迟情况,仅有1项研究中出现1例患者因免疫治疗而延误原定手术时间。亚组分析比较了单用抗PD-1/PD-L1、双免疫检查点抑制剂、抗PD-1/PD-L1+放射治疗、抗PD-1/PD-L1+化学疗法及抗PD-1/PD-L1+基因靶向治疗的疗效及安全性,结果显示,这5种不同治疗方案之间的病理学缓解率和安全性差异无统计学意义,抗PD-1/PD-L1+基因靶向治疗组的客观缓解率(13%,95%CI：5%~37%)最低,抗PD-1/PD-L1+化学疗法的客观缓解率(90%,95%CI：75%~107%)最高,另3组治疗方案间的客观缓解率差异无统计学意义。结论 在本荟萃分析和系统回顾中,新辅助抗PD-1/PD-L1免疫治疗对可切除的HNSCC耐受性良好,可能具有组织病理学反应所暗示的治疗优势。在抗PD-1/PD-L1联合或不联合其他辅助治疗的方案中,抗PD-1/PD-L1联合化学疗法的客观缓解率较其他组合治疗组更高,期待更多的临床研究来探索长期疗效和最佳治疗组合。     

20种m6A甲基化调节基因与甲状腺乳头状癌的相关性分析

目的 分析20种N6-甲基腺苷(m6A)甲基化调节基因在甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)中的发生、发展和预后中的作用。方法 从癌症基因组图谱(TCGA)数据库集中获取395例PTC患者的数据,其中包括59例癌旁组织数据。比较20种m6A甲基化调节基因在PTC组织与癌旁组织之间的差异表达及其与PTC患者临床参数之间的相关性。筛选预后相关的m6A甲基化调节基因,使用最小绝对收缩和选择算子(LASSO)回归算法建立PTC患者预后预测模型。分析预后相关m6A甲基化调节基因与肿瘤免疫浸润之间的关系。采用R语言软件完成统计学分析,P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义。结果 共15种m6A甲基化调节基因在PTC中表达上调,3种表达下调。HNRNPC与IGF2BP2及ALKBH5的表达与PTC淋巴结转移呈负相关。HNRNPC和IGF2BP2的表达与PTC的T分期相关;YTHDF1的表达与性别相关;METTL14、YTHDC1、YTHDF2和HNRNPA2B1的表达与PTC的临床分期相关;FTO、IGF2BP1和YTHDF3与PTC患者预后相关。由此建立的预后预测模型显示预测PTC患者3年和5年生存率的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.753(95%CI 0.615-0.891)和0.729(95%CI 0.613-0.846)。YTHDF3与内皮细胞、巨噬细胞、NK细胞和CD4⁺T细胞在肿瘤中的浸润相关;FTO与巨噬细胞、NK细胞、CD4⁺T细胞和CD8⁺T细胞相关。结论 m6A甲基化调节基因在PTC的发生发展及预后中起重要作用,可能是PTC治疗的潜在生物标志物。     

Endoscopic Debridement of Post-radiation Nasopharyngeal Necrosis: The Effects of Resurfacing With a Vascularized Flap

ObjectivesPost-radiation nasopharyngeal necrosis (PRNN) is a serious complication that severely impacts the quality of life and survival of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. Endoscopic debridement is considered the first-line treatment for PRNN. This study aimed to analyze clinical outcomes, focusing on the mucosal resurfacing status and the effectiveness of salvage operations.MethodsTwenty-seven patients who underwent endoscopic debridement were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups according to the initial surgical modality: debridement with a nasoseptal flap (NSF; n=21) and debridement only (no NSF; n=6). Clinical features, postoperative mucosal status, internal carotid artery (ICA) rupture, survival, and final mucosal status were evaluated. The NSF group was categorized according to flap viability to analyze risk factors for flap failure.ResultsRegardless of the initial modality, most patients experienced symptom improvement (96.0% for headache and 100% for foul odor); however, complete cranial nerve palsy did not improve in any patients. In the NSF group, complete healing was observed in 66.7%, while all patients in the no-NSF group underwent salvage surgery because none maintained complete healing. In the NSF group, 19.0% of patients required salvage surgery. After the last operation, favorable symptom improvement was noted (100% for headache and 90.0% for foul odor), and 77.8% had completely healed mucosa, whereas only 14.8% and 7.4% had partial healing and persistent necrotic mucosal status. The necrotic or uncovered NSF subgroup showed statistically non-significant tendencies for old age, advanced necrosis stage, advanced T stage, ICA involvement, high frequency and dose of radiation therapy, diabetes mellitus, and underlying comorbidities. Two ICA ruptures and three deaths occurred.ConclusionResurfacing the nasopharynx with NSF after endoscopic debridement showed better outcomes than debridement only for PRNN treatment. Despite initial NSF failure, additional resurfacing reconstructive surgery offers advantages in symptom mitigation, quality of life, and survival.     

Surgical management of mucosal contact headache

BackgroundMost research on mucosal contact headache has focused on mucosal contact between the nasal septum and middle or inferior turbinate. However, rarely have any studies explored how headache is related to the only one contact point between superior turbinate and nasal septum.ObjectiveTo explore how headache is related to the only one contact point between superior turbinate and nasal septum.Methods80 patients with headache were selected. The mucosal contact between superior turbinate and nasal septum was removed to study the relationship between the contact point and headache, with a follow-up of 12 months.ResultsHeadache symptoms in 56 cases disappeared entirely. Significant relief was observed in 20 patients, and unsatisfactory results in only 4 patients, with the success rate being 95%.ConclusionSome patients with headaches who had intranasal mucosal contact areas benefitted from the surgery. Satisfactory results were achieved by endonasal surgery in 95% of our patients in whom intranasal contact points were believed to be the cause of their headaches who had a mucosal contact point between the superior turbinate and the septum.     

鼻咽部Warthin瘤1例报道并文献复习

目的 总结1例鼻咽部Warthin瘤并后鼻孔闭锁患者的临床资料,并结合相关文献进行复习,探讨鼻咽部Warthin瘤的可能来源,以加深对此类疾病的了解.方法 对收治的1例后鼻孔闭锁患者行鼻内镜下双侧后鼻孔粘连松解+后鼻孔成形术,术中见右侧后鼻孔完全闭锁,左侧鼻腔后鼻孔狭窄.以电刀自鼻中隔处打开左侧后鼻孔,继而向外侧切除后...     

18例鼻中隔偏曲伴外鼻畸形临床诊疗体会

目的 探讨鼻中隔偏曲合并外鼻畸形的解剖学形成特点,总结分析同期行鼻中隔偏曲矫正和外鼻畸形整复手术方法。方法 回顾性分析2016年3月—2019年3月收治的18例鼻中隔偏曲矫正同期外鼻畸形整复患者的临床资料,其中大翼软骨发育异常11例,鼻中隔软骨尾侧端畸形5例,上颌骨鼻棘畸形2例,所有患者均先行鼻中隔偏曲矫正术;并针对不同类型的畸形结构特征单独或同时使用了缝合矫形、切除矫形和支撑矫形方法。所有患者术后随访1年以上,比较手术前后患者的鼻腔通气功能和外鼻形态视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分。结果 术后1年鼻腔通气功能和外鼻形态VAS量表评分明显低于术前,术后1年双侧鼻腔总阻力明显低于术前,差异均具有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。18例患者鼻内镜检查、鼻腔鼻窦CT显示术后鼻中隔偏曲与外鼻畸形形态改善明显。结论 总结了鼻中隔偏曲并外鼻畸形的解剖学构成分类和常用手术方法体会,为临床工作中兼顾鼻腔功能与美学的治疗策略提供参考。     

Adherence of Haemophilus influenzae to nasal,nasopharyngeal and buccal epithelial cells from patients with otitis media

Summary Since mucosal colonization may be an important determinant in the pathogenesis of otitis media with effusion (OME), we studied the adherence of Haemophilus influenzae (HI) to human nasal, nasopharyngeal, and buccal mucosal cells obtained from patients with OME. Non-typeable HI adhered in significantly greater numbers than type b HI. HI bacteria adhered to both nasal and nasopharyngeal mucosal cells in significantly greater numbers than to buccal ones. Non-typeable HI adhered to the epithelial cells from children with chronic sinusitis in more significant numbers than did those from children without chronic sinusitis. These results indicate that non-typeable HI adhere more readily to epithelial cells and that the nasal and nasopharyngeal mucosa may be an important route for HI infection in OME. Offprint requests to: T. Harada     

Nasal Mucosal Temperature after Exposure to Cold,Dry Air and Hot,Humid Air

Objective - To determine the influence of variations in the temperature and humidity of inhaled air on the nasal mucosal temperature at various sites int he nasal airways.

Materials and Methods - Fifteen volunteers were enrolled int he study. The temperature was measured on the mucosal surface of the nasal septum at the level of the nasal vestibule, in the nasal valve area, anterior turbinate area and choanae. Temperature measurements were made using a miniaturized thermocouple. Continuous temperature readings were performed before and after 10 min of exposure to either cold, dry air, ambient air or hot, humid air.

Results - Inhilation of cold, dry air significantly reduced the temperatyre of the septal mucosa at each location of measurement compared to the breathing of ambient air. Inhalation of hot, humid air significantly increased the septal mucosal temperature at all detection sites.

Conclusions - The climatic condition of inhaled air can lead to significant changes in nasal mucosal temperature. As the nasal mucosa is important for nasal air conditioning, short term exposure to air of extreme temperature and humidity can rapidly compromise nasal air conditioning.     

Correlation between nasal anatomy and subjective patency: a prospective MRI study

Background: Variations in the thickness of the nasal septum are well documented¹ Objective: To determine if septal mucosal thickness and other parameters derived from MRI imaging correlate significantly with subjective sensation of nasal resistance. Methods: Forty patients undergoing MRI head scans for non-nasal disease were asked to complete a questionnaire immediately prior to the scan being taken. Subjective patency was scored for each nasal airway, patients were also asked about hayfever, URTIs, medication and history of nasal surgery or trauma. Scans were assessed using image analysis software. The following parameters were assessed at the level of the nasal valve: cross-sectional area of airway, horizontal thickness of inferior turbinate and maximum septal mucosal thickness. In addition, the presence of septal deviation (lateral to the vertical plane of the middle turbinate), and sinus mucosal thickening of 4 mm or more was assessed. Repeatability and inter-observer error was calculated. Data was analysed using non-parametric tests and multiple stepwise regression. Results: Overall correlation between anatomical parameters and subjective patency was low. Patients with sinus mucosal thickness greater than 4 mm on MRI scanning had subjectively poorer nasal airways (left P = 0.003, right P = 0.029). Multiple regression confirmed sinus mucosal thickening as the most significant predictor of patency but also negative correlation between ipsilateral mucosal thickness and patency (P < 0.002) and positive correlation between contralateral turbinate thickness (P < 0.01) and patency. Conclusions: Anatomical factors in both ipsilateral and contralateral nasal airways are of importance in subjective nasal patency. Sinus mucosal thickening correlates strongly with subjective nasal obstruction although the mechanism of this relationship is unclear. Non-anatomical and psychological factors are likely to be of considerable importance.     

Analysis on correlation between SP and NK-1R and intranasal mucosal contact point headache

Conclusion Distribution of SP and NK-1R, especially NK-1R, in nasal mucosal tissue at contact point was higher compared with non-contact point. It was suggested that SP and NK-1R were associated with mucosal contact point headache. Objectives To observe difference of substance P (SP) and NK-1 receptor (NK-1R) expression in tissues at contact point and non-contact point among the patients with intranasal mucosal contact point headache and speculate the role of SP and NK-1R in mucosal contact point headache. Methods SP and NK-1R in tissues of contact point and non-contact point among 40 patients with intranasal mucosal contact point headache were stained histologically by immunohistochemistry, and the mRNA level was detected by RT-PCR. Results SP was located in cytoplasm of acini epithelial cells, distributed in nasal mucosa tissues at both contact point and non-contact point. However, stain intensity was significantly increased at contact point (Z?=??2.554, p?χ²?=?40.438, p?相似文献   

鼻内镜下鼻中隔穿孔修补术

目的探讨经鼻内镜下鼻中隔穿孔修补术影响手术成功率的相关因素。方法23例外伤或手术后鼻中隔穿孔患者采用经鼻内镜下穿孔修补术，术中分别采用筛骨垂直板或颞肌筋膜直接封闭穿孔、翻转黏膜瓣及赝复物夹衬并转移黏膜瓣封闭、下鼻甲带蒂黏膜瓣修补等方法进行修复，并采用硅胶板或塑料膜的保湿物垫衬保护为特点的填塞方式。结果直接封闭7例，翻转封闭5例，转移封闭10例，鼻甲封闭1例。随访4周至7个月，23例鼻中隔穿孔手术修补成功19例（82、6％），4例未成功的病例分别为术后3周黏膜瓣脱落1例、术前存在2个穿孔仅将大穿孔修补成功1例、术后筋膜干燥导致再穿孔1例及转移黏膜瓣太小，穿孔未完全修补成功1例。结论鼻内镜手术是目前修补鼻中隔穿孔的最佳选择之一。