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1.
J Debnath Sree Ram S Balani I Chakraborty PD Gupta RK Bindal P Sengupta 《Medical Journal Armed Forces India》2005,61(3):249-252
Background
To evaluate the usefulness and limitations of graded compression ultrasonography in the diagnosis of clinically equivocal cases of suspected acute appendicitis at the setting of mid zonal military hospital of India.Methods
A prospective study, graded compression ultrasonography with self localization was carried out with 3.5 MHz convex, 5 MHz convex and 7.5 MHz linear transducers (Wipro GE) in 69 clinically equivocal suspected cases of acute appendicitis. With maximal compression the anteroposterior diameter of appendix was measured from outer to outer wall. The main criterion for diagnosing appendicitis was demonstration of a non compressible appendix with anteroposterior dimension of 7mm or more.Result
Sonologically 36 (52%) cases were diagnosed as appendicitis. Anteroposterior outer diameter of inflamed appendices ranged from 7mm to 21mm (mean 10.5mm). 30 (83%) of 36 patients could accurately self localize the point of maximum tenderness. There were 01 false positive and 04 false negative cases. Sensitivity and specificity were 89.7% and 96.6% respectively. Positive and negative predictive values were 97.2% and 87.8% respectively. Alternative diagnoses were offered in 33 (47.8%) cases. Amongst these 33 cases, 14(42.4%) had abdominal pain of unknown origin. Gynaecologic, urologic and gastrointestinal aetiologies were established in 10(30.3%), 07(21.2%) and 02(6%) cases respectively.Conclusion
Graded compression ultrasonography superadded with self localization is an accurate means of diagnosing/excluding appendicitis in clinically equivocal cases of acute appendicitis and it is of great value in establishing alternative diagnoses.Key Words: Ultrasonography, Acute appendicitis 相似文献2.
Eshetu Molla Mirutse Giday Berhanu Erko 《Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine》2013,3(8):657-662
Objective
To assess the molluscicidal and cercariacidal activities of aqueous extracts of Balanites aegyptiaca (B. aegyptiaca) against Ethiopian Biomphalaria pfeifferi (B. pfeifferi), Lymnaea natalensis (L. natalensis) and Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) cercariae.Methods
Extracts of seeds, endocarp, mesocarp, and fruit of B. aegyptiaca were tested for their activities against adult B. pfeifferi and L. natalensis. The cercariacidal activity of the seeds of the plant was also evaluated against S. mansoni. Bioassays were carried out following the methods recommended by WHO. Snail mortalities were compared between each plant part and snail species, and LC50 and LC90 values for the plant parts tested were computed. The cercariacidal activity of the plant was assessed by exposing the mice to the cercariae pre-exposed to aqueous extract of B. aegyptiaca seeds.Results
For the molluscicidal activities of seeds, endocarp, mesocarp and whole fruit, the LC50 values against B. pfeifferi were 56.32, 77.53, 65.51 and 66.63 mg/L, respectively, while the respective LC90 values were 77.70, 120.04, 89.50 and 97.55 mg/L. Similarly, the LC50 values for the seeds, endocarp, mesocarp and whole fruit against L. natalensis were 80.33, 92.61, 83.52 and 87.84 mg/L, respectively, while the respective LC90 values were 102.30, 138.21, 115.42 and 127.69 mg/L. B. pfeifferi were found to be more susceptible to B. aegyptiaca than L. natalensis. S. mansoni cercariae exposed to 15 mg/L of extract of seeds were incapable of infecting mice. The mean egg load of tissue was reduced in mice infected with the cercariae exposed to 5 and 10 mg/L of the extract.Conclusions
The aqueous extracts of different parts of B. aegyptiaca exhibited reasonable molluscicidal activity against B. pfeifferi and L. natalensis, as well as cercariacidal activity against S. mansoni cercariae. However, comprehensive laboratory evaluation is recommended prior to field tests of the plant parts since their impact on other aquatic biota is not known. 相似文献3.
Balayogan Sivasankari Subburaj Pitchaimani Marimuthu Anandharaj 《Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine》2013,3(12):975-979
Objective
To record the medicinal plants of Uthapuram Village, Madurai district, Tamilnadu, South India for the first time and the usage of these medicinal plants to remediate the diseases among the peoples.Methods
Explorative field trips were made to the village for about twelve months from April 2012 to May 2013 to survey the medicinal plants and collect the information from the villagers.Results
From this study 52 species of valuable medicinal plants belonging to 36 families were recorded and their ethnomedicinal values were collected from the village peoples.Conclusion
This study focuses the importance, utilization and conservation of the medicinal plants among the people. 相似文献4.
5.
Mariswamy Yamunadevi Edward Gnaraj Wesely M Johnson 《Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine》2011,1(6):428-433
Objective
To determine the chemical profile and steroids composition of the medicinally important plant Aerva lanata (A. lanata) L.Methods
Preliminary phytochemical screening was done by the method as Harborne described. HPTLC studies were carried out as Harborne and Wagner et al described. The Ethyl acetate-ethanol-water (8: 2: 1.2) was employed as mobile phase for glycosides.Results
The desired aim was achieved using Chloroform-acetone (8: 2) as the mobile phase. The methanolic extract of stem, leaves, root, flower and seeds of A. lanata showed the presence of 30 different types of steroids with 30 different Rf values from 0.04 to 0.97. Maximum number (11) of steroids has been observed in leaves followed by root (10).Conclusions
HPTLC profile of steroids has been chosen here to reveal the diversity existing in A. lanata. Such finger printing is useful in differentiating the species from the adulterant and act as biochemical markers for this medicinally important plant in the pharma industry and plant systematic studies. 相似文献6.
Mohammad Vaziri Abdolreza Pazouki Zeinab Tamannaie Farshid Maghsoudloo Mohadeseh Pishgahroudsari Shahla Chaichian 《Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran》2013,27(3):109-112
Background
Delay in diagnosis and treatment of perforated appendicitis may cause life-threatening complications.The aim of this study was to determine and compare pre-operative total and direct bilirubin levels incases of simple and perforated acute appendicitis in order to improve the clinical decision making.Methods
This prospective observational study included eighty patients who underwent open appendectomy,during a one-year period from March 2010 to March 2011 in the surgical department of Hazrat-e-Rasool AkramHospital, an academic teaching hospital in Tehran- Iran. Pre-operative total and direct levels of bilirubin werecompared in two groups of histologically proved appendicitis (simple and perforated), each including 40 patients.Results
Eighty patients who underwent open appendectomy including 70% men and 30% women with a meanage of 34±11 years in Group I (perforated appendicitis) and 47.5% women and 52.5% men with a mean age of33±14 in Group II (simple appendicitis) were included in this study. The mean bilirubin levels were higher forpatients with perforated acute appendicitis compared to those with a non-perforated simple appendicitis(1.04±05 mg/dl vs 0.7±0.1 mg/dl) and this difference is highly significant (p<0.01).Conclusion
Assessment of preoperative total bilirubin is useful for the differential diagnosis of perforatedversus acute simple appendicitis and total bilirubin should be used as an independent parameter in the early diagnosisof appendix perforation 相似文献7.
Shivakumar Singh Policepatel Vidyasagar Gunagambhire Manikrao 《Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine》2013,3(11):882-886
Objective
To document traditional medicinal plants knowledge used in treating skin diseases at Hyderabad Karnataka Region.Methods
The information on the use of medicinal plants in the treatment of skin diseases was gathered from traditional herbal healers and other villagers through interviews.Results
A total of 60 plants species belonging to 57 genera and 34 families were found useful and herewith described them along with the method of drug preparation, mode of administration, probable dosage and duration of treatment. Several new findings on the traditional rural practices were reported.Conclusions
The present study revealed that the Hyderabad Karnataka rural people is primarily dependent on medicinal plants for treating skin diseases. 相似文献8.
Background
Malaria in pregnancy contributes to low birth weight and increased infant mortality.Methods
The study included 416 pregnant women reporting with fever and the impact of malaria on pregnancy was assessed.Result
The study revealed that the protozoal infection affects second trimester more commonly. It increases the chances of abortions, intrapartum foetal distress and meconium stained amniotic fluid.Conclusion
Malaria is an important cause of feto-maternal morbidity during pregnancy.Key Words: Malaria in pregnancy, Plasmodium 相似文献9.
Objective
To identify and highlight the feasibility, challenges, and advantages of providing a cross-domain pipeline that can link relevant biodiversity information for phyto-therapeutic assessment.Materials and methods
A public repository of clinical trials information (ClinicalTrials.gov) was explored to determine the state of plant-based interventions under investigation.Results
The results showed that ∼15% of drug interventions in ClinicalTrials.gov were potentially plant related, with about 60% of them clustered within 10 taxonomic families. Further analysis of these plant-based interventions identified ∼3.7% of associated plant species as endangered as determined from the International Union for the Conservation of Nature Red List.Discussion
The diversity of the plant kingdom has provided human civilization with life-sustaining food and medicine for centuries. There has been renewed interest in the investigation of botanicals as sources of new drugs, building on traditional knowledge about plant-based medicines. However, data about the plant-based biodiversity potential for therapeutics (eg, based on genetic or chemical information) are generally scattered across a range of sources and isolated from contemporary pharmacological resources. This study explored the potential to bridge biodiversity and biomedical knowledge sources.Conclusions
The findings from this feasibility study suggest that there is an opportunity for developing plant-based drugs and further highlight taxonomic relationships between plants that may be rich sources for bioprospecting. 相似文献10.
Biruhalem Taye Mirutse Giday Abebe Animut Jemal Seid 《Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine》2011,1(5):370-375
Objective
To evaluate the activity of selected Ethiopian medicinal plants traditionally used for wound treatment against wound-causing bacteria.Methods
Samples of medicinal plants (Achyranthes aspera, Brucea antidysenterica, Datura stramonium, Croton macrostachyus, Acokanthera schimperi, Phytolacca dodecandra, Millettia ferruginea, and Solanum incanum) were extracted using absolute methanol and water and tested for their antimicrobial activities against clinical isolates and standard strains of wound-causing bacteria using agar well diffusion and micro titer plate methods.Results
Most of the plant extracts had antibacterial activities, among which Acokanthera schimperi and Brucea antidysenterica inhibited growth of 100% and 35% of the test organisms, respectively. Methanolic extracts had higher activities compared with their corresponding aqueous extracts. The most susceptible organism to the extracts was Streptococcus pyogens while the most resistant were Escherichia coli and Proteus vulgaris.Conclusions
This finding justifies the use of the plants in wound healing and their potential activity against wound-causing bacteria. Their toxicity level and antimicrobial activity with different extraction solvents should further be studied to use them as sources and templates for the synthesis of drugs to control wound and other disease-causing bacteria. 相似文献11.
Abdul Viqar Khan Qamar Uddin Ahmed M Ramzan Mir Indu Shukla Athar Ali Khan 《Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine》2011,1(6):452-455
Objective
To investigate the antibacterial potential of the polar and non-polar extracts of the seeds of Melia azedarach (M. azedarach) L. (Meliaceae) against eighteen hospital isolated human pathogenic bacterial strains.Methods
Petrol, benzene, ethyl acetate, methanol, and aqueous extracts at five different concentrations (1, 2, 5, 10 and 15 mg/mL) were evaluated. Disk diffusion method was followed to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy.Results
All extracts of the seeds demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against tested pathogens. Among all extracts, ethyl acetate extract revealed the highest inhibition comparatively. The present study also favored the traditional uses reported earlier.Conclusions
Results of this study strongly confirm that the seed extracts of M. azedarach could be effective antibiotics, both in controlling gram-positive and gram-negative human pathogenic infections. 相似文献12.
Ramaraj Thirugnanasampandan Rajarajeswaran Jayakumar 《Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine》2011,1(5):391-394
Objective
To analyze the total phenolic content, DNA protecting and radical scavenging activity of ethanolic leaf extracts of three Lamiaceae plants, i.e. Anisomelos malabarica (A. malabarica), Leucas aspera (L. aspera) and Ocimum basilicum (O. basilicum).Methods
The total polyphenols and flavonoids were analyzed in the ethanolic leaf extracts of the lamiaceae plants. To determine the DNA protecting activity, various concentrations of the plant extracts were prepared and treated on cultured HepG2 human lung cancer cells. The pretreated cells were exposed to H2O2 to induce DNA damage through oxidative stress. Comet assay was done and the tail length of individual comets was measured. Nitric oxide and superoxide anion scavenging activities of lamiaceae plants were analyzed.Results
Among the three plant extracts, the highest amount of total phenolic content was found in O. basilicum (189.33 mg/g), whereas A. malabarica showed high levels of flavonoids (10.66 mg/g). O. basilicum also showed high levels of DNA protecting (85%) and radical scavenging activity.Conclusions
The results of this study shows that bioactive phenols present in lamiaceae plants may prevent carcinogenesis through scavenging free radicals and inhibiting DNA damage. 相似文献13.
Raja Nagappan 《Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine》2012,2(9):707-711
Objective
To evaluate aqueous and ethanol extract of Cassia didymobotrya leaves against immature stages of Culex quinquefasciatus.Methods
The mortality rate of immature mosquitoes was tested in wide and narrow range concentration of the plant extract based on WHO standard protocol. The wide range concentration tested in the present study was 10 000, 1 000, 100, 10 and 1 mg/L and narrow range concentration was 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mg/L.Results
2nd instar larvae exposed to 100 mg/L and above concentration of ethanol extract showed 100% mortality. Remaining stages such as 3rd, 4th and pupa, 100% mortality was observed at 1 000 mg/L and above concentration after 24 h exposure period. In aqueous extract all the stages 100% mortality was recorded at 1 000 mg/L and above concentration. In narrow range concentration 2nd instar larvae 100% mortality was observed at 150 mg/L and above concentration of ethanol extract. The remaining stages 100% mortality was recorded at 250 mg/L. In aqueous extract all the tested immature stages 100% mortality was observed at 250 mg/L concentration after 24 h exposure period. The results clearly indicate that the rate of mortality was based dose of the plant extract and stage of the mosquitoes.Conclusions
From this study it is confirmed and concluded that Cassia didymobotrya is having active principle which is responsible for controlling Culex quinquefasciatus. The isolation of bioactive molecules and development of simple formulation technique is important for large scale implementation. 相似文献14.
T Thirumalai S Viviyan Therasa EK Elumalai E David 《Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine》2011,1(4):323-325
Objective
To evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of Brassica juncea (seeds) on streptozotocin induced diabetic male albino rats.Methods
Hypoglycemic activity of Brassica juncea (seeds) aqueous extract at a dose of 250, 350 and 450 mg/kg body weight was evaluated. Adult male Swiss albino rats of six numbers in each group was undertaken for study and evaluated.Results
The serum insulin levels were recorded a significant depletion in all groups, short term as well as long term diabetic animals, when compared to that of normal animals. A significant dosage dependent augmenting effect of the seed extract on the serum insulin was recorded in both short term as well as long term groups.Conclusions
The aqueous seed extract of Brassica juncea has potent hypoglycemic activity in male albino rat. 相似文献15.
Post-prandial paradoxical filling of gall bladder in patients with acute hepatitis: Myth or reality?
Jyotindu Debnath Raju A. George Lovleen Satija Ankit Mathur Debabrata Banerjee Siddhartha Mishra 《Medical Journal Armed Forces India》2012,68(4):346-349
Background
A minority of patients of acute hepatitis may exhibit edematous GB walls with no visible lumen despite fasting and may also exhibit paradoxical GB response in the post-prandial state.Methods
Patients of acute hepatitis underwent routine upper abdominal sonography after overnight fasting. Patients who demonstrated contracted GB with edematous and coapted walls without any visible lumen despite overnight fasting were studied in the post-prandial phase after having breakfast. Serial ultrasonography was carried out at 10–15 min interval for an hour and changes in GB morphology was noted at each stage.Results
A total of 77 patients of acute hepatitis underwent USG of hepatobiliary system between Sept 2008 and Aug 2009. Contracted gall bladder with edematous and coapted walls without any visible lumen despite overnight fasting was noted in 11 patients and were studied in the post-prandial phase. Post-prandial paradoxical filling of GB was observed in all such cases. Serial post-prandial ultrasonography demonstrated onset of filling of GB as early as 10–15 min post-prandial. Maximal GB distension was observed between 30 and 60 min. USG at 60 min post-prandial showed slight reduction in GB volume. As the GB distended in the post-prandial state, the lumen became increasingly visible with marginal reduction in wall thickening.Conclusion
We have observed transient paradoxical filling of GB on serial USG in early post-prandial state, in a subset of patients of acute viral hepatitis who had contracted GB with coapted walls in the initial USG after overnight fasting. 相似文献16.
Jose F Florez-Arango M Sriram Iyengar Kim Dunn Jiajie Zhang 《J Am Med Inform Assoc》2011,18(2):131-137
Objective
To study and analyze the possible benefits on performance of community health workers using point-of-care clinical guidelines implemented as interactive rich media job aids on small-format mobile platforms.Design
A crossover study with one intervention (rich media job aids) and one control (traditional job aids), two periods, with 50 community health workers, each subject solving a total 15 standardized cases per period per period (30 cases in total per subject).Measurements
Error rate per case and task, protocol compliance.Results
A total of 1394 cases were evaluated. Intervention reduces errors by an average of 33.15% (p=0.001) and increases protocol compliance 30.18% (p<0.001).Limitations
Medical cases were presented on human patient simulators in a laboratory setting, not on real patients.Conclusion
These results indicate encouraging prospects for mHealth technologies in general, and the use of rich media clinical guidelines on cell phones in particular, for the improvement of community health worker performance in developing countries. 相似文献17.
Background
A reduction or cessation of fetal movements (FMs) is frequently reported by pregnant women resulting in anxiety and concern. Formal counting of FMs by the pregnant woman could possibly identify the fetuses at risk.Methods
A prospective study was carried out over 500 booked cases after introducing daily fetal movement count (DFMC) Chart in the ninth month of pregnancy. Prior ultrasound (USG) was done in all cases. DFMC chart was used to record number of fetal movements perceived by patient for one hour after food (breakfast, lunch, dinner). Fetal movements were considered satisfactory if the count was three or more on each occasion.Result
During the study period, no fetus was lost after introduction of DFMC chart in the 250 cases that were given DFMC chart and delivered in our hospital (Nil perinatal mortality). This was compared with 250 booked cases that were not given DFMC chart but had normal ultrasound done after completion of eight months of pregnancy and followed up. Five intrauterine deaths occurred in the ninth month in control group (2% perinatal mortality). In the DFMC chart group, 15 patients were admitted with decreased fetal movements. Out of these, 12 were discharged after monitoring for three days and three cases were delivered.Conclusion
DFMC chart in ninth month of pregnancy helps in identifying at risk fetus in low risk pregnancies in absence of any other adverse factors necessitating early delivery.Key Words: Daily fetal movements count chart (DFMC), Perinatal mortality, Intrauterine death 相似文献18.
Thanes Gunasegaran Xavier Rathinam Marimuthu Kasi Kathiresan Sathasivam Sasidharan Sreenivasan Sreeramanan Subramaniam 《Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine》2011,1(4):266-269
Objective
To isolate Salmonella from curry samples and to evaluate the drug sensitivity of the food-borne Salmonella and its susceptibility to specific plant extracts.Methods
Salmonella was isolated from the curry samples by standard microbiological methods and was confirmed by biochemical tests. The antibiotic susceptibility test was conducted by disc diffusion method using commercially available antibiotics such as ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, and penicillin. In addition, the susceptibility of the food-borne Salmonella was also evaluated against the aqueous extracts of Camelia sinensis (L.) Theaceae (tea leaves) and the Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Apiaceae ( ajwain or omum seeds).Results
Out of fifty curry samples, only seven samples were identified to have Salmonella contamination. The Salmonella isolates showed a significant drug resistance pattern except for kanamycin. The plant extracts showed a considerable antibacterial activity against the isolates, indicating the presence of antimicrobial principle which can be exploited after complete pharmacological investigations.Conclusions
The present study demonstrates the occurrence of Salmonella in the curry samples, and shows significant drug resistance against most of the commercially available antibiotics, except kanamycin. Antimicrobial effect of the plant extracts against the food-bone Salmonella suggests that dietary including medicinal herbs would be one strategy to manage food borne pathogens. 相似文献19.
Boniface Francis Kalanda 《Malawi medical journal : the journal of Medical Association of Malawi》2005,17(4):117-118
Background
In Malawi, malaria is a leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality. Low birthweight and fetal anaemia are also a common occurrence. The relationship between birthweight and fetal anaemia and malaria morbidity in infancy is not known.Objectives
To investigate the relationship between incidence of first malaria episode and birthweight and fetal anaemia and to investigate adherence of health workers to Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses (IMCI) malaria treatment protocol.Design
A stratified sample of 561 infants was selected based on low birth weight (LBW, <2.5Kgs), fetal anaemia (FA, Hbcord <12g/dl) and matched controls with normal birth weight (NBW) and no fetal anaemia (NFA). Cases were defined as LBW FA, LBW NFA, and NBW FA.Results
Cumulative incidence to first malaria episode did not significantly differ between the study groups and the controls. Sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) was prescribed to the majority of malaria cases (89.3%).Conclusion
There is no relationship between birthweight and fetal anaemia and first malaria episode. There is good adherence to IMCI guidelines for malaria treatment. 相似文献20.