网络课程热引发的冷思考

网络课程作为现代远距离教学资源的主体,得到了各院校及其教育主管部门的重视。文章在分析了当前网络课程建设存在问题的基础上,从宏观管理的角度提出了建议。     

高分辨CT正常内耳解剖结构的测量研究

目的应用颞骨高分辨CT(HRCT)测量正常人耳蜗、前庭、内听道等结构,了解正常内耳的发育并探讨内耳各解剖结构CT测量正常值的临床应用价值。方法无内耳疾患的75例受试者按年龄分为3组,分别行HRCT扫描,原始图像经多平面重组(MPR),在设定层面上测量耳蜗高度、长度、底周螺旋管径、底周长度，前庭左右径、上下径，内听道口径、宽径、长径，水平半规管中心骨岛长径等;各测量指标进行年龄、性别、左右耳间比较。结果① HRCT可清晰显示正常内耳骨迷路结构和内听道结构;② 内耳各结构正常值如下:耳蜗高度(3.47±0.41)mm,耳蜗长度(6.27±0.96)mm,耳蜗底周螺旋管径(1.66±0.26)mm,耳蜗底周长度(6.82±0.69)mm,前庭宽径(2.81±0.42)mm,前庭长径(5.76±0.44)mm,内听道口径(6.36±1.66)mm,内听道宽径(4.99±0.98)mm,水平半规管中央骨岛径(3.16±0.52)mm。内耳各结构测量值除内听道长径在年龄组间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)外,其他结构在年龄组间、性别间及左右耳间的差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论探讨了国人内耳各主要结构的HRCT测量正常值,为人工耳蜗等内耳手术提供更详尽的资料。     

The dangerous decade

Over the next 10 years, more information and communication technology (ICT) will be deployed in the health system than in its entire previous history. Systems will be larger in scope, more complex, and move from regional to national and supranational scale. Yet we are at roughly the same place the aviation industry was in the 1950s with respect to system safety. Even if ICT harm rates do not increase, increased ICT use will increase the absolute number of ICT related harms. Factors that could diminish ICT harm include adoption of common standards, technology maturity, better system development, testing, implementation and end user training. Factors that will increase harm rates include complexity and heterogeneity of systems and their interfaces, rapid implementation and poor training of users. Mitigating these harms will not be easy, as organizational inertia is likely to generate a hysteresis-like lag, where the paths to increase and decrease harm are not identical.     

Obsolete but dangerous antacid preparations

One case of acute hypercalcaemia and two of recurrent nephrolithiasis are reported in patients who had regularly consumed large amounts of calcium carbon-ate-sodium bicarbonate powders for more than 20 years. The powders had been obtained from pharmacists unknown to the patients' medical practitioners. It is suggested that these preparations were responsible for the patient's problems, and that such powders should no longer be freely obtainable.     

早期乳腺癌腋淋巴结转移的高危因素

目的 探讨早期乳腺癌淋巴结转移(ALNM)的高危因素.方法 收集乳腺癌病例156例,建立数据库,用Logistic回归进行多因素分析,并对有意义的指标进行相关分析,对其中的53例患者523枚阴性腋淋巴结再切片,用CK19行免疫组织化学染色.结果 多因素分析显示肿瘤大小、肿瘤部位、癌抗原153(CA153)、人类表皮生长因子受体-2(HER2)4个指标进入Logitic回归方程.53例患者中有4例患者的腋窝淋巴结CK19免疫组织化学染色体阳性.结论 肿瘤大小、肿瘤部位,CA153和HER2为乳腺癌患者ALNM的高危因素;CK19免疫组织化学染色可发现乳腺癌腋淋巴结微转移癌.     

Malingering: a dangerous diagnosis.

Karl Kast, a migrant with a bad back, was examined by four Brisbane orthopaedic surgeons who all independently agreed that there was no physical basis for his complaint. After brooding over this for months, he resolved to kill these doctors and shot three (killing two) before taking his own life. This tragedy and its background are summarized, and a second instance is recorded where a surgeon could have been killed by another accident litigant. There is more to emotional disturbance after injury than a mere quest for compensation. Doctors who hold this simple belief may be at risk if they do not carefully handle the rare cases of severe and dangerous mental illness which masquerade as malingering.