超声引导粗针穿刺活检在肺部病变诊断中的应用

目的:采用粗针在超声引导下对肺部病变进行组织学穿刺活检,以获得明确的病理诊断.方法:首先参考CT片来确认病变的大体位置,超声能够清晰显示病变后,选择其穿刺途径.采用美国Bard可调试自动活检枪(18G切割针)取样,对活检样本进行组织学检查.结果:共穿刺209例,一次取材成功205例(98%),4例二次取材成功;组织学确诊198例(94.7 %),并发症9例,其中咯血6例,气胸3例,无严重并发症发生.结论:超声引导对肺部病变行粗针穿刺活检是一种安全、可行的诊断方法,值得推广应用.     

超声引导周围型肺病变穿刺活检的临床应用

目的:探讨超声引导下周围型肺病变穿刺活检技术及临床应用价值。方法:选用16～18G切割式半自动穿刺活检针,在超声引导下对35例需明确诊断的周围型肺病变患者行超声引导下经皮穿刺活检术。结果:35例患者均穿刺成功,成功率100%;34例确诊,活检确诊率97.1%。结论:超声引导下周围型肺病变穿刺活检具有定位准确、操作简便、安全性好、并发症少及重复性强等优点,为疑难性周围型肺病变明确诊断的首选方法。     

CT引导下经皮穿刺活检对纵隔占位病变的诊断价值

目的评价CT引导下经皮穿刺活检术在纵隔占位病变中的应用价值和安全性。方法采用弹簧式自动活检枪,在CT精确定位下对纵隔内占位病变行经皮穿刺活检,所获标本送病理组织学检查,并对穿刺准确性、病理确诊率和并发症发生情况进行分析。结果本组33例病灶穿刺成功率100%,病理确诊率85%,无一例发生并发症。结论CT引导下经皮穿刺活检术是一项操作方便,定位精确,穿刺准确率和病理确诊率高,安全可靠的介入放射诊断技术,对纵隔占位病变的定性诊断很有价值,值得临床推广应用。     

超声引导下对胸膜及肺周部位病变穿刺活检的临床应用

目的:评价超声引导下穿刺活检对胸膜及肺周部位病变诊断的准确性与安全性,探讨其临床应用价值。方法:对31例胸膜及肺周部位病变患者行超声引导下穿刺活检,进行细胞学及组织学检查初步诊断,并与手术后病理诊断结果对照。结果:本组21例患者,其中30例获得了足够的敏感的细胞及组织学资料,穿刺成功率96.8%(30/31),诊断符合率100%,所有患者未出现严重并发症。结论:超声引导下穿刺活检对胸膜及肺周部位病变的诊断准确性高,尤其对常规方法诊断困难的部分疾病诊断价值较大。     

CT引导淋巴瘤穿刺活检的临床应用

目的探讨CT引导下穿刺活检深部病灶确诊淋巴瘤的临床应用价值。方法58例患者在CT引导下用16~20G活检枪穿刺取材,穿刺部位包括纵隔、肺部、后腹膜、胃肠道、脾、肾、肾上腺及骨骼肌肉深部肿块。病理行常规HE染色及免疫组化染色检查。结果CT引导下穿刺活检确诊恶性淋巴瘤47例,诊断阳性率81%,假阴性11例;其中4例重复穿刺活检明确诊断。穿刺确诊病例中,89.4%(42/47)获得淋巴瘤的组织学分型,另5例因组织少,仅诊断为恶性淋巴瘤,未做出具体分型。本组病例无一例发生严重并发症。结论CT引导深部病灶穿刺活检术对淋巴瘤诊断有确诊率高,并发症少,快速、安全的优点;对恶性淋巴瘤的确诊及组织学分型有重要的作用。     

CT透视引导下的纵隔小病灶穿刺活检的临床价值

目的探讨CT引导下纵隔小病灶穿刺活检技术及诊断价值。方法42例纵隔小病灶(小于3cm)在CT引导下采用自动切割式活检针穿刺活检。结果42例纵隔肿块穿刺活检病灶取材成功率97.65(41/42)。纵隔肿块穿刺活检的诊断准确率92.3%(39/42),对于恶性病变诊断准确率96.3%(26/ 27),良性病变为86.7%(13/15)。并发气胸2例(4.8%),纵隔少量出血1例(2.3%)。结论CT引导下穿刺活检是安全、有效的诊断手段,对于纵隔病变诊断的准确率高,CT引导下纵隔小病灶穿刺活检对纵隔病变的诊断和治疗具有重要意义。     

CT引导下经皮穿刺活检在脊柱病变中的应用价值

目的:评价CT引导下经皮穿刺活检在脊柱病变中的诊断价值.方法:CT引导下经皮穿刺活栓脊柱病变116例,局麻下操作,经侧方及后外侧进针.结果:116例穿刺活检成功,108例获得病理诊断,占93.1%;8例穿刺未取得或取得的病理组织不足,占6.9%.116例均有手术病理结果,其中110例穿刺结果和手术结果相符,6例不相符,其组织学定性准确率为94.8%.结论:CT引导下经皮穿刺活检在脊柱病变中的应用安全可靠,并发症少,可得到明确的病理诊断.     

超声造影提高纵隔巨大肿瘤穿刺活检准确率的应用价值

目的 :探讨超声造影(CEUS)在提高纵隔巨大肿瘤穿刺活检准确率中的应用价值。方法 :25例临床确诊为纵隔巨大肿瘤,均常规超声引导穿刺未取得有效病理组织,故行CEUS引导下再次穿刺取材。结果:CEUS引导下纵隔巨大肿瘤穿刺病理成功率为72%(18/25),明显高于常规超声。结论:CEUS引导下经皮穿刺活检安全、有效,可明显提高纵隔巨大肿瘤穿刺活检取材的准确性,是纵隔巨大肿瘤穿刺活检的首选方法。     

超声引导下经皮穿刺活检对AFP阴性肝脏占位性病变的诊断

目的:探讨超声引导下经皮穿刺活检对AFP阴性肝脏占位性病变的诊断价值.方法:采用18G枪式自动活检针在超声引导下对50例AFP阴性的肝脏占位性病变进行穿刺活检,所取组织进行组织病理学检查.结果:所有患者均成功施行超声引导下经皮肝穿刺活检术,每例取材1～3次,所有组织均符合病理诊断要求且均得到组织病理学诊断,其中原发性肝癌占32%(16/50),转移性肝癌占44%(22/50),良性病变占24%(12/50).除1例患者出现肝脏包膜下少量出血外,其余患者均未出现并发症.结论:超声引导下经皮穿刺活检操作安全、简便、快速,成功率高,并发症少、结果可靠,是AFP阴性肝脏占位性病变定性诊断的首选方法.     

胸骨病变CT引导下经皮穿刺活检

目的 评价CT引导下经皮穿刺活检在胸骨病变中的诊断价值.方法 CT引导下经皮穿刺活检胸骨病变36例,局麻下操作,经病变前方进针.结果 36例穿刺活检成功,35例(97.2%)获得病理诊断;1例穿刺获取组织不足病理检查所需.36例中30例有手术病理结果,29例手术结果和穿刺结果相符,1例不相符,另6例转移瘤找到原发病灶而未手术.CT引导下经皮穿刺活检胸骨病变其组织学定性的符合率为97.2%,均未见严重并发症.结论 CT引导下经皮穿刺活检在胸骨病变的应用中安全可靠,并发症少,可得到明确的病理诊断,为临床制订治疗方案提供依据.     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.