携载rhBMP-2微球的新型可注射自凝固复合人工骨的制备及特性研究

[目的]制备一种具有良好降解性和成骨活性、可注射的自凝固新型骨修复材料。[方法]制备携载rhBMP-2的聚乳酸与聚乙醇酸共聚物（PLGA）微球，并将其与rhBMP-2／磷酸钙骨水泥（CPC）复合，制备出rhBMP-2／PLGA微球／CPC复合人工骨。探讨了材料的特性，包括形貌、固化时间、抗压强度及反映材料体外降解速度的指标一体外降解液Ca、P浓度变化，测定复合材料rhBMP乏的释药速度及体外诱导MSCs细胞成骨分化的能力。[结果]与单纯CPC-rhBMP-2相比，复合材料的固化时间少量增加，抗压强度下降明显。体外降解速度及体外释药明显提高，释放的rhBMP-2具有骨诱导活性。[结论]rhBMP-2／PLGA微球／磷酸钙骨水泥新型复合人工骨是具有良好应用前景的骨修复材料。     

多孔载因子CPC促进骨缺损愈合的实验研究

[目的]探讨磷酸钙骨水泥复合rhBMP-2/明胶微球复合材料在治疗骨缺损时的降解、成骨性能。[方法]制备携载rhBMP-2的明胶微球(GMs),与磷酸钙骨水泥(CPC)复合,制备出rhBMP-2/GMs/CPC复合人工骨。取30只新西兰大白兔,在前臂桡骨中段制造人工骨缺损,随机分成3组,分别植入rhBMP-2/GMs/CPC/复合物(A组)、GMs/CPC(B组)、rhBMP-2/CPC(C组),术后6、12周分别进行X线检测、骨密度测定,术后12周处死动物,分别行生物力学测定,脱钙切片、HE染色,不脱钙切片进行荧光显微镜下观察双标间距,计算平均矿化率。[结果]与GMs/CPC、rhBMP-2/CPC组比较,复合材料植入后不同时间点的材料降解及成骨均高于对照组。12周A组标本生物力学实验测定结果表明指标接近正常,与B、C组比较有统计学差异。骨密度12周、新骨矿化率提示有统计学差异。[结论]rhBMP-2/GMs/CPC微球系统复合材料在体内易降解,具有良好成骨活性,是良好的骨修复材料。     

复合rhBMP-2壳聚糖微球可注射磷酸钙骨水泥制备及成骨性能研究

[目的]研究复合重组人骨形态发生蛋白-2(rhBMP-2)壳聚糖微球的可注射磷酸钙骨水泥的成骨性能,从而构建一种具有骨传导和骨诱导性的新型可注射性植骨材料.[方法]制备负载rhBMP-2壳聚糖微球磷酸钙骨水泥材料,并将单纯磷酸钙骨水泥和单纯壳聚糖微球磷酸钙骨水泥材料作为对照.检测负载rhBMP-2壳聚糖微球骨水泥的rhBMP-2体外释药.在体外将青山羊骨髓干细胞(MSCs)与3种材料浸提液共同培养,通过检测碱性磷酸酶活性和骨钙素含量评价MSCs成骨分化.在体内,将3种材料植入青山羊骨缺损模型,通过组织学检测研究复合材料成骨能力.[结果]rhBMP-2在1 d时的释放量为12.6%,随后呈持续缓慢释放.在培养7、14 d,负载rhBMP-2壳聚糖微球磷酸钙骨水泥复合材料浸提液可显著提高MSCs的ALP活性和骨钙素含量,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).组织学显示负载rhBMP-2壳聚糖微球磷酸钙骨水泥复合材料的新骨形成均优于其他组.[结论]复合rhBMP-2壳聚糖微球的可注射磷酸钙骨水泥复合材料是一种有应用前景的新型可注射骨移植材料.     

新型可注射可降解磷酸钙骨水泥对成骨作用影响的实验研究

目的比较单纯的、添加锌锶等元素及复合rhBMP-2的新型可注射可降解磷酸钙骨水泥(CPC)植入机体后的降解及成骨作用,检验材料及其改进剂型在临床应用的可能性。方法将24只雄性新西兰白兔随机分为A,B,C三组,分别为9、9和6只,制备双侧胫骨结节骨缺损模型；于骨缺损处分别置入：A组为单纯新型可注射可降解CPC材料,B组为含锌锶等微量元素的该CPC材料,C组为该CPC材料与rhBMP-2的复合物。观察其全身及植入局部反应,术后4、8、16周取材CT扫描、肉眼及光学显微镜观察材料植入后的局部反应情况并对比观察该三种材料的降解及骨生长情况。组织切片摄像后,每组每时间点各取5幅相片用软件进行图文处理,求得术后骨组织切片中骨组织含量百分比。结果CT扫描、肉眼及光学显微镜观察发现单纯的和含锌锶等微量元素的CPC材料可引导新骨形成,但新骨形成少且慢,与材料降解不同步；复合rhBMP-2的CPC材料组新生骨形成多而早,基本与材料降解同步。术后骨组织含量百分比测定,A组为(41．7±16．6)%,B组为(31．2±12．2)%,C组为(71．7±21．0)%,复合BMP的CPC材料组术后骨组织切片中骨组织含量显著高于另外两组(P＜0．01)。结论复合rhBMP-2的可注射可降解CPC材料可较早地诱导新生骨生成,与单纯的及含锌锶等微量元素的可注射可降解CPC材料相比,更适合于临床使用。     

明胶微球/rhBMP-2/CPC的制备及其异位成骨效应研究

目的：制备多孔复合材料明胶微球／rhBMp-2／CPC并研究其异位成骨效应。方法：双相乳化冷凝聚合法制备明胶微球,京尼平进行交联,喷金后电镜观察。交联微球携载rhBMP-2,以2．5％的比例掺入磷酸钙骨水泥（calcium phosphate cements,CPC）固化,制成实验用多孔明胶微球／rhBMP-2／CPC,rhBMP-2／CPC作为对照组．两组材料固化后分别浸入生理盐水,1、3周后进行生物力学压缩实验,扫描电镜观察材料断面：ELISA法测定不同时间点生理盐水中rhBMP-2浓度,计算rhBMP-2的累积释放量。材料植入小鼠大腿肌袋,术后3周处死小鼠,切取材料及周围组织,HE染色后进行组织学观察,同时测定材料周围组织中碱性磷酸酶及钙含量。结果：交联的明胶微球呈规则圆形,粒径（62±18）um,分散性好。1、3周后实验组材料断面可见大量大孔形成,对照组未见明显大孔,实验组的总孔径率、大孔率及rhBMP-2的累积释放量均高于对照组：3周后实验组最大压缩强度（7．8±1．2）MPa,较对照组（11.2±1．6）MPa稍低。HE染色两组均可见软骨形成,但实验组更多,碱性磷酸酶及钙含量测定实验组分别为（4.33±0．52）IU／g和（6．12±1.22）ug／mg,高于对照组的（2．67±0．23）IU／g和（3．12±0．41）ug／mg。结论：明胶微球／rhBMp-2／CPC在微球降解后形成多孔磷酸钙复合材料,使rhBMp2的释放量增加,具有强大的异位成骨性能,是一种优秀的骨组织工程材料。     

一种新型生物活性人工骨的制备及成骨活性的研究

目的：研制CPC/BMP复合人工骨,检测其成骨活性。方法：制备CPC/BMP及CPC骨块,扫描电子显微镜观察表面结构。用小鼠肌袋植入实验观察材料的成骨活性。结果：BMP在CPC中呈微球状均匀分布。CPC植入小鼠肌袋内不能诱导,CPC/BMP植入后1周有软骨细胞出现,2周有编织骨,4周以后小梁骨生成,16周出现成熟的板层骨。同时材料出现降解迹象。有机质含量、碱性磷酸酶浓度在CPC/BMP组出现升高,扫描电镜结果同样证实有新骨形成。结论：CPC/BMP生物活性人工骨可异位诱导成骨,可望成为新型的骨缺损修复材料。     

负载重组人骨形态发生蛋白-2壳聚糖纳米微球的制备及异位成骨活性研究

目的 制备负载重组人骨形态发生蛋白-2(rhBMP-2)的壳聚糖纳米微球,并考察其成骨活性. 方法 应用离子交联法制备空白壳聚糖纳米微球和rhBMP-2壳聚糖纳米微球,应用透射电镜观察微球的形态,激光粒径分析仪测定其粒径的分布,检测其载药量、包封率及累积释药率.取24只SD大鼠,随机分为4组,每组6只.以无菌手术分别在大鼠左侧股部建立肌袋.A组大鼠肌袋内植入rhBMP-2壳聚糖纳米微球(含rhBMP-2 1 mg),B组大鼠肌袋内植入rhBMP-2 1 mg,C组大鼠肌袋内植入空白壳聚糖纳米微球,D组大鼠肌袋内不做任何处理.评估rhBMP-2壳聚糖纳米微球的成骨活性.结果离子交联法制备的壳聚糖纳米微球球形规整、分散均匀,微球平均粒径为230.0 nm,分布较集中,包封率为66.87％±4.58％,载药率为(33.44±2.29) μg/mg.A、B、C、D组的ALP活性平均分别为(1.94±0 35)、(1.48±0.56)、(0.20±0.07)及(0.18±0.06) kat/g,差异有统计学意义(F=42.959,P=0.000),A、B组明显高于C、D组,且A组高于B组.4组钙含量平均分别为(5.20±1.42)、(3.80±1.40)、(0.19±0.08)、(0.20±0.08)μg/mg,差异有统计学意义(F=39.242,P=0.000),A、B组明 显高于C、D组,且A组高于B组. 结论 离子交联法可成功制备出均一的rhBMP-2壳聚糖纳米微球,该微球具有良好的载药性能和缓释性能,且其骨诱导活性优于单纯rhBMP-2.     

磷酸钙骨水泥作为骨形成蛋白载体修复节段性骨缺损及相关研究

目的 制备CPC/BMP复合人工骨，通过动物实验研究其对骨缺损的修复作用及相关问题，探讨临床应用的可能性。方法 参考有关文献方法合成CPC，并将其作为BMP的载体制成CPC/BMP复合物，植入兔桡骨15mm骨缺损处，术后不同时间处死动物。通过生物力学测定，组织学染色分析，电镜扫描及X射线电子能谱分析。X线摄片，无机质含量测定以及骨密度测定等手段观察新骨形成和材料降解情况。同时以单纯的CPC及空白组作为对照研究。综合评价CPC/BMP对骨缺损的修复能力及对机体的影响。结果 术后CPC/BMP和CPC两组动物均无毒性反应。随着时间的延长，血清中碱性磷酸酶浓度逐渐升高，尤以CPC/BMP组显著，提示CPC/BMP复合物和单纯的CPC均可以促进新骨形成，前者新骨形成量大，骨修复能力明显好于后者。CPC/BMP植入2周时可见大量间充质细胞分化，在材料与骨端之间出现一层软骨细胞。4周时软骨细胞向编织骨分化，16周时板骨层骨长人材料并与之相互分割包裹，24周时骨缺损初步修复，新骨密度明显高于CPC组，说明BMP的加入不仅有效地促进了新骨的形成，同时也加速了新骨的钙化。24周组标本生物力学测定结果表明，新骨形成的同时伴随材料的降解，CPC组材料降解速度缓慢，CPC/BMP组降解速度优于CPC组，但24周时仍有部分材料残存。在新骨形成和材料降解过程中可出现血清钙浓度的一过性升高。结论 CPC是BMP的理想载体。CPC/BMP生物活性人工骨对骨缺损有较强的修复能力，可望成为新型的骨缺损修复材料。     

脱钙骨基质/磷酸钙复合骨水泥骨诱导活性观察

目的：观察磷酸钙骨水泥（CPC）中加入脱钙骨基质（DBM）后形成的复合骨水泥的成骨诱导活性。方法：将DBM/CPC复合骨水泥分别植入兔背肌肌袋内，于不同时间取材，通过组织学切片、ALP等手段观察异位诱导成骨情况。结果：术后2周，DBM/CPC复合骨水泥组可见间充质细胞增殖、聚集并包绕DBM骨粒。4周时，DBM已有部分吸收，并软骨样细胞和软骨样组织包裹。8周，DBM进一步吸收，软骨细胞和软骨组织逐渐成熟，新骨形成。12周，DBM吸收并被新骨组织部分或大部分代替且相互连接成片。ALP测定结果与组织学观察的新骨形成情况基本一致。结论：DBM/CPC复合骨水泥有较强的异位诱导成骨能力，诱导新骨的形成伴随着材料的降解，可以有效弥补单纯使用CPC时降解速度太慢和无骨诱导能力的不足。     

多孔磷酸钙人工骨与重组人骨形成蛋白2复合修复骨缺损的实验研究

目的研究多孔磷酸钙人工骨（porous calcium phosphate cement，PCPC）与重组人骨形成蛋白2（recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein2，rhBMP-2）复合后体外的缓释作用及其对兔骨缺损的修复作用。方法采用物理吸附法将rhBMP-2（0．4mg）溶液吸附至PCPC中，制备成PCPC／rhBMP-2复合材料。冻干后，扫描电镜观察复合材料内部形态。以包覆壳聚糖的PCPC／rhBMP-2为实验组，单纯PCPC／rhBMP-2为对照组，测试在模拟体液中的rhBMP-2缓释行为。取新西兰大白兔12只，股骨远端制成直径4．2mm，深5．0mm的骨缺损模型。将包覆壳聚糖的PCPC／rhBMP-2复合材料修复骨缺损作为实验组，以植入单纯PCPC作为对照组。术后观察动物一般情况，于4周和8周取材行X线片和组织学观察。结果扫描电镜显示PCPC／rhBMP-2复合材料孔隙中吸附了大量的rhBMP-2。rhBMP-2体外缓释：对照组rhBMP-2于150h基本全部释放；实验组rhBMP-2于350h缓释量约达99％，较对照组慢。动物实验：动物术后切口无感染，于4周行动自如。X线片示术后4周对照组骨缺损区材料清晰，实验组骨缺损区密度大部分接近宿主骨，材料模糊；8周对照组材料边缘较术后4周模糊，实验组骨缺损区密度已基本接近宿主骨。组织学观察，术后4周对照组可见少量成骨细胞和破骨细胞，实验组可见成熟骨组织和骨髓腔，新生骨逐渐取代材料；8周对照组可见大量成骨细胞和破骨细胞，少量新生骨并向材料内长入，实验组可见成熟骨小梁和骨髓组织。结论PCPC是rhBMP-2较理想的载体材料，复合后具有良好的诱导成骨作用，可作为一种新型复合人工骨修复骨缺损，具有良好的临床应用前景。     

缓激肽B2受体基因多态性对膝关节骨关节炎易感性的影响

目的明确BDKRB2基因多态性与OA易感性的相关性,并检测OA患者基因多态性对滑膜组织中BDKRB2表达的影响。方法共有278名膝关节骨关节炎患者和291名健康志愿者参与实验。测定实验对象的BDKRB2基因多态性,在OA患者滑膜组织中通过RT-PCR和Western Blot检测BDKRB2的m RNA和蛋白水平。结果 OA组和对照组中+9/-9 bp多态性的基因型分布和等位基因频率差异明显。-9/-9 bp多态性和+9/+9 bp相比,与OA的罹患风险和严重程度存在明显相关性(OR=2.35,95%CI:1.409~3.937,P0.001)。-9 bp等位基因的表达,与OA的Kellgren-Lawrence分型相关(OR=1.545,,P=0.011)。另外,+9/-9 bp多态性显著影响OA患者滑膜组织中BDKRB2的m RNA和蛋白表达。+9/-9和-9/-9基因型在滑膜组织中BDKRB2的表达水平显著升高,同时KL4型OA患者平均BDKRB2 m RNA和蛋白水平明显高于其他对象(2.502±1.319 vs.1.471±1.002和1.895±1.174,P0.001)。结论本研究提示BDKRB2基因+9/-9bp多态性可能成为OA易感性和严重性筛查的分子标记。     

大承气汤对肠源性内毒素血症大鼠组织PLA_2、SOD活性变化的影响

采用静注５－ＨＴ、Ｐｂ－Ａｃｅｔ同时口灌ＬＰＳ对大鼠进行肠源性内毒素血症造模。造模后三小时，测血、组织ＰＬＡ２和ＳＯＤ活性。结果表明，模型组大鼠血清、肺、肝、肾组织匀浆的ＦＬＡ２活性明显高于正常组，而大承气汤治疗组则与正常组无异；相反模型组肺、肝、肾组织匀浆ＳＵＤ活性，则较正常组明显下降，而大承气汤治疗组则与正常组无异，说明大承气汤在肠源性内毒素血症病理形成过程中能明显抑制ＰＬＡ２活性的升高，有益于减轻组织的损害；此外，又可阻止ＳＯＤ活力的下降，从而增强对过量产生的Ｏ２的消除能力。     

IL-2 perfusion to the liver augments the hepatic extraction rate of accompanying anticancer drugs

A pilot study we conducted on hepatic infusion chemotherapy combined with interleukin-2 (IL-2) for metastatic liver malignancies revealed very encouraging results indicating that this treatment modality is more effective than either of the anticancer drugs used alone. To clarify the mechanisms underlying the synergism of these modalities, the pharmacokinetics of anticancer drugs were examined in a rat model. Adult rats were given 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or mitomycin C (MMC) combined with various doses of IL-2 up to 7500 JRU/kg per minute for the measurement of hepatic extraction rates (HER). The HER of 5-FU was significantly increased (P<0.01) in combination with IL-2 in a dose-dependent fashion while that of MMC also showed a tendency to increase. Thus, it is conceivable that the increase of vascular permeability caused by IL-2 results in augmentation of the HER of associated anticancer drugs. This effect may improve the delivery of anticancer drugs to the liver and alleviate general toxicity by reducing the amount of circulating anticancer agents.     

PR-AⅡ、PGI_2-TXA_2在ESWL后高血压中的作用

通过对60例患者血液标本的检测,发现体外震波碎石术(ESWL)后出现高血压的患者其血浆肾素(PR)—血管肾张素Ⅱ(AⅡ)系统活性及血栓素A_2(TXA_2)浓度明显高于ESWL后血压正常者,而血浆前列腺素(PGI_2)浓度则正好相反。认为PGI_2合成减少和TXA_2合成相对增多,PGI_2/TXA_2比率下降,导致PR—AⅡ系统活性升高,血管壁对PR—AⅡ系统的敏感性增加,是ESWL后患者出现高血压的主要原因。     

Effects of interleukin-2 on hypothalamic and plasma luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone levels in rats

To investigate the effects of interleukin-2 (IL-2) on the hy-pothalamic and plasma luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone(LHRH) levels and serum testosterone (T) level in rats. The hor-mones were measured by radioimmunoassay. Two different dosesof IL-2 (1000 U and 2000 U) were injected. The results showedthat IL-2 slightly decreased the hypothalamic and plasma LHRHlevels, but the differences with the controls were not significant.The administration of 2000 U IL-2 significantly decreased the serumT level. Results suggest that IL-2 may play an inhibitory role onhypothalamic LHRH secretion and decrease serum T level in Rats.(Chin J Androl 2001; 2: 85-6, 91)     

急性胰腺炎合并肝损伤时IL-6、氧自由基变化及IL-2、川芎嗪干预的实验研究

目的：探讨IL－6、氧自由基在急性胰腺炎（acute pancreatitis，AP）合并肝损伤中的作用，及重组人白介素－2（IL－2）、川芎嗪的治疗价值。方法：SD大鼠112只，随机分为14只，每组8只，5％牛磺胆酸钠逆行胰胆管内注射诱发大鼠AP动物模型，检测血浆IL－6、SOD、MDA、ALT、AST、LDH、LIP、AMY，并观察肝、胰病理变化。结果；①AP组血浆AMY、LIP、ALT、AST、LDH明显升高（P＜0．05或0．01），镜下可见胰腺水肿、炎细胞浸润、坏死1肝脏肝窦充血、细胞浊肝及坏死，且损伤程度随时限延长而加重；②AP各组血浆IL－6明显升同（P＜0．01）；③AP各组MDA明显高（P＜0．01）、SOD明显降低（P＜0．01）。④IL－2治疗组、川芎嗪治疗组有IL－2、川芎嗪联合且与NS组比较血浆IL－6、MDA水平明显下降（P＜0．05），SOD明显升高（P＜0．05），胰、肝病理损害程度减轻，并且AMY、LIP、ALT、AST、LDH均明显降低（P＜0．05），平均存活时间明显延长（P＜0．05）；联合应用组降低IL－6、MDSA水平和减轻胰腺坏死优于单药组。结论：①IL－6、氧自由基在急性胰腺炎合并肝损伤程度和明显升同，起损伤作用，而SOD明显降低，其保护作用减弱。检测血浆IL－6、MDA、SOD可作为判断AP合并肝脏损伤程度和预后的指标；②大鼠急性胰腺合并肝损伤过程中应用IL－2、川芎嗪显示出良好的效果，联合应用于亿于这两药的单独应用。     

SGLT2抑制剂对2型糖尿病患者骨骼的影响

钠葡萄糖共转运体2(sodium-glucose cotransporter 2,SGLT2)抑制剂是一种新型降糖药物,其作用机理是通过抑制肾小管对尿糖的重吸收,以增加尿糖排泄降低血糖。近期来自国外的多个临床药物试验发现SGLT2抑制剂可能对2型糖尿病患者的骨代谢、骨密度以及骨折率产生影响。本文将通过复习国内外相关研究,尝试综述SGLT2抑制剂对2型糖尿病患者骨骼的影响。     

Retrosigmoid Craniotomy for Auditory Brainstem Implantation in Adult Patients with Neurofibromatosis Type 2

Objective To report our technique and experience using a retrosigmoid craniotomy approach for auditory brainstem implantation (ABI) placement in adult neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) patients. Design Retrospective case series. Setting Single-center study, Boston, Massachusetts, United States. Participants All NF2 patients who underwent evaluation at Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary and surgery at Massachusetts General Hospital from 2009 to 2013 were reviewed. Six cases of retrosigmoid craniotomy for ABI surgery in five adult NF2 patients were identified. The clinical history, operative course, and outcomes in these patients were reviewed. Main Outcome Measures Postoperative complications and audiological outcomes. Results Indications for ABI surgery were profound hearing loss associated with growth or treatment of bilateral vestibular schwannomas. In all cases, a retrosigmoid craniotomy was performed for tumor resection and ABI placement without complication. Electrode placement was confirmed intraoperatively using electrical-evoked auditory brainstem responses. The ABI was activated in the awake patient 4 to 6 weeks postoperatively. Audiological testing was used to evaluate sound detection and speech perception with the ABI. There were no cases of cerebrospinal fluid leak. Conclusion Retrosigmoid craniotomy is a safe and effective means to provide access to the cochlear nucleus for ABI placement following tumor resection in the adult NF2 patient. Preliminary data indicate that this approach has few complications while offering benefits for hearing. The retrosigmoid craniotomy should be considered a reasonable alternative to the traditional translabyrinthine approach for placement of the ABI in deaf patients who are not candidates for the cochlear implant.     

Changes of serum advanced glycation end products (AGEs), matrix metalloprotein-2 (MMP-2), and urinary microalbuminuria (mALB) in diabetic nephropathy and their predictive value for heart failure

BackgroundDiabetic nephropathy is a common complication in diabetic patients, with a high rate of disability and mortality. This study aims to explore the changes in serum advanced glycation end products (AGEs), matrix metalloprotein-2 (MMP-2), and urinary microalbuminuria (mALB) in diabetic nephropathy and their predictive value for heart failure.MethodsThe 134 patients with diabetic nephropathy treated in our hospital from January 2014 to December 2017 were enrolled and divided into two groups resulting in 64 cases in an observation group with heart failure, and 70 cases without heart failure in a control group. In addition, 80 patients with simple diabetes who were treated during the same period were selected as the simple diabetes group. Levels of AGEs, MMP-2, and mALB between the groups were compared, risk factors affecting diabetic nephropathy patients with heart failure were analyzed, and an ROC curve was drawn to evaluate the predictive value of AGEs, MMP-2, and mALB for heart failureResultsThe levels of AGEs and mALB in the diabetic nephropathy group were significantly higher than those in the simple diabetes group, and the levels of MMP-2 were significantly lower than those in the simple diabetes group (P<0.05). The levels of AGEs and mALB in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the levels of MMP-2 were significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). Smoking history hypertension history, blood creatinine (abnormal increase), blood uric acid (abnormal increase), AGEs (abnormal increase), MMP-2 (abnormal decrease), and mALB (abnormal increase) were independent risk factors affecting diabetic nephropathy patients with heart failure. The area under the ROC curve of AGEs, MMP-2, mALB, and their combined detection were: 0.821, 0.909, 0.897, and 0.991, respectively, showing the area under the curve of combined detection to be the largest.ConclusionsAGEs, MMP-2, and mALB have high predictive value for heart failure in patients with diabetic nephropathy. Their sensitivity and specificity are high, indicating they may hold considerable clinical value.     

The Role of Oxidative Stress in Aseptic Loosening of Total Hip Arthroplasties

This study investigated the hypothesis that wear particle-induced oxidative stress initiates osteolysis after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Patient radiographs were scored for osteolysis and periprosthetic tissues were immunostained and imaged to quantify polyethylene wear, inflammation, and five osteoinflammatory and oxidative stress-responsive factors. These included high mobility group protein-B1 (HMGB1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), and nitrotyrosine (NT). The results show wear debris correlated with inflammation, 4-HNE, NT and HMGB1, whereas inflammation only correlated with NT and HMGB1. Similar to wear debris and inflammation, osteolysis correlated with HMGB1. Additionally, osteolysis correlated with COX2 and 4-HNE, but not iNOS or NT. Understanding the involvement of oxidative stress in wear-induced osteolysis will help identify diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets to prevent osteolysis after THA.