机械吻合在食管外科中的应用：1605例经验总结

１９８０年８月至１９９４年２月应用机械方法对１６０５例食管癌和贲门癌切除后进行吻合。男１２８１例，女３２４例。年龄２８～８１岁，其中５０～６９岁１１８４例（７３．８％）。食管癌１０４４例，贲门癌５６１例。食管胃颈部吻合３５例；超胸顶吻合５８例；弓上吻合８３５例；弓下吻合６７７例。术后发生吻合口瘘１６例（ｌ％），其中颈部吻合口瘘发生率１４．３％（５／３５）；胸内吻合口瘘发生率０．７％（１１／１５７０），前６年胸内吻合口瘘发生率１．４％（８／５７５），近８年胸内吻合口瘘发生率０．３％（３／９９５）。术后发生吻合口狭窄１６例（１％），狭窄明显者经扩张后均恢复正常饮食。作者认为：机械吻合是减少胸内吻合口瘘的有效方法之一。     

多种管状消化道吻合器在食管胃吻合中的应用

1986年2月至1999年1月应用沪产GF—Ⅰ型和常州产WGW—Ⅰ型弯管形两种消化道吻合器,对539例食管癌和贲门癌病人进行了食管胃吻合术,无吻合失败。术后吻合口瘘发生率1．3％(7,539),吻合口狭窄率1．8％(10／539),死亡率0．6％(3／539)。作认为：采用小切口,食管胃机械吻合操作简便,吻合可靠,价格便宜,手术时间短,术后病人痛苦小,住院时间短,节省了住院费用,减轻了病人经济负担;结合 本组病例,提出采用31号GF—Ⅰ型吻合器进行弓下吻合,26号WGW—Ⅰ型吻合器进行胸顶以上吻合,减少跨弓吻合,有助降低术后并发症的发生。     

食管、贲门癌切除胃食管吻合V型包埋预防吻合口、狭窄临床研究

目的：减少和预防吻合口狭窄。方法：对1422例食管癌、贲门癌施术，吻合口行全层宽边不等距深浅交替吻合，然后将吻合口前壁中点浆肌层向下牵拉1.5cm形成V型包埋，进行追踪观察。结果：全部病例随访3～6个月，行X线钡餐透视吻合口直径均大于1cm，无1例狭窄，病人生活质量提高。结论：本方法简单，效果好，能防止吻合口狭窄，值得进一步探讨。     

胃、食管机械吻合器临床应用体会

食管癌、贲门癌手术成功的关键主要在于食管、胃吻合的确切程度。以往手法吻合易出现吻合口瘘、吻合口狭窄等并发症。吻合口早、中期瘘常危及患者的生命，严重的吻合狭窄使患者术后进食吞咽困难，直接影响患者术后的恢复。     

食管、贲门癌切除器械吻合术519例

目的 总结食管、贲门癌切除后应用器械吻合防止吻合口瘘和狭窄的临床经验。方法 回顾性地分析519例食管、贲门癌患者应用吻合器治疗的结果。结果 发生并发症7例,包括吻合口瘘2例,吻合口出血2例,吻合口狭窄3例,无手术死亡和住院死亡。结论 器械吻合完整快捷,明显地减少了手术操作时间和吻合口并发症的发生,降低了手术死亡率。     

食管、贲门癌手术后并发症174例临床分析

手术切除是治疗食管、贲门癌的主要手段。我院自1978年1月至2003年5月对新疆维吾尔自治区不同民族的2019例食管、贲门癌病人施行了手术治疗，发生并发症共174例，现将临床资料分析如下。     

食管癌和贲门癌手术中应用圆形吻合器的经验

吻合口瘘长期以来一直是食管癌和贲门癌手术中最严重的并发症，也是手术治疗成败的关键，发生率虽低，但死亡率很高。1990年至1996年，我国食管手术吻合口瘘的发生率仍在3％-5％，病死率达17％～25％。国外文献报道其发生率亦在3％-4％。1980年8月至2004年9月，我们应用消化道圆形吻合器对3322例食管癌和贲门癌切除后进行吻合，取得了良好效果。现将本组治疗经验报道如下。[第一段]     

食管癌与贲门癌术后吻合口瘘39例营养支持

目的探讨食管癌与贲门癌术后吻合口瘘的营养支持方法。方法总结分析39例食管癌、贲门癌术后吻合口瘘的营养支持治疗的临床资料。结果39例中治愈36例，治愈率92．31％，死亡3例，死亡率7．69％。结论空肠造瘘营养多用于瘘口大，持续时间长者；术中估计术后吻合口瘘可能性大时，可预防性空肠造瘘备用；TPN多系瘘口不太大的病人早期短期应用；吻合口瘘较小时，鼓励病人积极经口自主进食。强调营养支持治疗过程中给予密切监测。     

食管胃侧侧吻合在食管癌颈部吻合中的应用

目的探讨食管癌颈部吻合术中应用直线切割闭合器行食管胃侧-侧吻合对减少术后吻合口瘘及吻合口狭窄效果。方法自2014-01—2015-02间应用直线切割闭合器行食管胃吻合口后壁侧-侧吻合,吻合口前壁间断缝合完成食管胃颈部吻合53例,术后随访患者进食、反流情况,并行纤维胃镜、造影检查评估吻合口内径,并对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 53例均顺利完成食管胃颈部吻合,其中胸上段食管癌22例、胸中段食管癌31例。手术径路分为左开胸二切口37例,右开胸三切口6例,胸腔镜10例。术后病理分期:Ⅰ期7例,ⅡA期13例,ⅡB期22例,Ⅲ期11例。术后发生吻合口瘘2例(3.7%),经禁食水,局部换药,胃肠内及胃肠外营养10 d后愈合。全部病例切缘均无癌残留,术后随访3~24个月,行上消化道造影及胃镜检查,吻合口直径(1.4±0.02)cm,所有患者进食顺利,无吻合口狭窄。结论应用直线型缝合器行颈部侧侧吻合,可有效防止术后吻合口瘘及吻合口狭窄发生。     

食管贲门癌术后吻合口瘘的原因及预防

胃底贲门癌根治性切除术与经左开胸食管癌根治术,常需吻合器吻合。随着新型吻合器的应用,术后并发症发生率大大下降。但因操作不当等原因,会出现吻合口瘘等并发症。现将吻合口瘘的原因及预防进行总结。     

管状胃代食管术在食管癌、贲门癌中的临床应用研究

目的探讨管状胃在食管癌、贲门癌切除术中的临床应用及对术后生活质量的影响。方法78例食管癌、贲门癌患者,随机分为常规手术组和管状胃组。常规组37例,男31例,女6例,年龄（62．70±5．89）岁,胸中段食管癌21例,胸下段食管癌14例,贲门癌2例。管状胃组41例,男33例,女8例,年龄（60．56±6．75）岁,胸中段食管癌20例,胸下段食管癌18例,贲门癌3例。观察两组患者手术时间、术中出血、输血,术后心律失常,肺部并发症,吻合口瘘,吻合口狭窄,返流性食管炎,胸胃综合征发生率及住院时间等临床指标。结果丽组患者均顺利完成手术,无围手术期死亡,两组心律失常（40．54％比19．51％,P=0．042）、肺部并发症（32．43％比12．20％,P=0．031）、返流性食管炎（27．02％比4．87％,P=0．007）、胸胃综合征发生率（16．22％比0,P=0．024）及术后住院时间[（12．16±1．99）d比（10．87±1．41）d,P=0．001）]等指标比较差异有统计学意义。而在手术时间,术中出血、输血,吻合口瘘及吻合口狭窄发生率比较差异无统计学意义。结论管状胃在食管癌、贲门癌手术中并发症发生率较低,不增加手术时间、可缩短住院时间,可改善患者的生活质量,具有较好的临床应用价值。     

贲门癌根治术术中管状吻合器的使用优点及技巧探讨

目的 探讨贲门癌根治术(食管空肠吻合及残胃食管吻合)术中管状吻合器的使用优点及技巧.方法 1998年～2007年本院753例贲门癌根治术行食管空肠吻合或残胃食管吻合重建消化管,术中均使用一次性管状吻合器.结果 本组753例,无手术死亡,行胸腹联合手术6例(0.80%),无吻合口漏发生,吻合器切割不全2例(0.26%),发生吻合口狭窄4例(0.53%),腹腔感染1例(0.13%),膈疝1例(0.13%),术后标本病理检查上切缘癌累及1例,下切缘均未累及.结论 在贲门癌根治术中,管状吻合器的运用简化了手工操作程序,可靠、安全、省时,降低贲门癌进胸手术比例,手术创伤小,恢复快,能有效地预防吻合口瘘和狭窄.但吻合器吻合也不是绝对安全的,吻合口瘘、出血、狭窄等并发症仍有一定的发生率,术中技巧值得在今后的工作中进一步总结、探讨.     

三吻合器技术在腹腔镜下贲门癌切除22例分析

目的探讨三吻合器技术在腹腔镜贲门癌手术中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2008年8月至2009年9月经腹腔镜贲门癌切除应用三吻合器技术22例(A组),未使用三吻合器技术17例(B组),比较两组的手术时间,食道切除的长度,上腹切口的长度,术后近期并发症。结果A组手术时间和上腹切口长度均短于B组(163±6)min vs.(209±14)min,(5.3±0.3)cm vs.(7.5±0.3)cm,P0.05),两组均无术后近期并发症。结论三吻合器技术在腹腔镜贲门癌切除术中的应用能缩短手术时间和切口,进一步减少创伤,不增加术后近期并发症,三吻合器技术是一种安全技术。     

The application of a new stapling device for open surgery (ContourTM Curved Cutter Stapler) in the laparoscopic resection of rectal cancer

Anastomotic leakage is a serious problem in the laparoscopic resection of rectal cancer. Although stapling devices and techniques for colorectal or coloanal anastomosis have been improved, laparoscopic anastomosis is still technically difficult and the rate of leakage is high. To resolve this problem, a new stapling device (the Contour^TM Curved Cutter Stapler) for open surgery was applied to the laparoscopic resection of rectal cancer. After intracorporeal mobilization and vessel ligation, a 6-cm Pfannenstiel incision was made to insert the device into the peritoneal cavity, and a hand access device was placed on the site. The head of the device was put through a cutoff of the middle finger of a surgical glove, after which the wrist of the glove was attached to the hand access device. To prevent leakage of CO₂ gas through the gap between the shaft and the glove, the shaft covered by the glove was tied, and the gap was filled with bone wax. After re-creation of the pneumoperitoneum, the rectum was transected with the stapling device, and the anastomosis was accomplished by the double stapling technique. This technique enabled a reliable transection of the rectum because of the easy handling of the device and the wide laparoscopic view of the lower rectum in the deep pelvis.     

A new stapling technique in esophageal mucosal transection

Transabdominal esophageal mucosal transection for control of bleeding esophageal varices has been used in our clinic since 1972. The most difficult part in this procedure is the reanastomosis of the transected mucosal tube. To facilitate this procedure, end-to-end anastomosis (EEA) stapling instrument has been in use since July, 1980. Thirteen patients have so far undergone this procedure and there have been no complications. The technique of anastomosis of the mucosal tube is described herein.     

A case report of laparoscopic duodenal atresia repair in a neonate using a novel miniature stapling device

IntroductionLaparoscopic duodenal atresia repair is an advanced procedure performed in select pediatric surgical centers. Recently, sub–6 mm endosurgical staplers have been introduced, facilitating and accelerating the creation of intracorporeal intestinal anastomoses.Presentation of caseWe performed a laparoscopic duodenojejunostomy in a one-day-old child with duodenal atresia due to annular pancreas using a novel 5.8 mm articulating endostapler with excellent outcome. The technical details are reported.DiscussionLaparoscopic duodenojejunostomy is a technically demanding procedure due to difficulty in hand-sewn anastomosis in a small and restricted space. With this novel 5.8 mm articulating endostapler, we were able to perform a quicker and easier anastomosis.ConclusionWe report a case of laparoscopic duodenal atresia repair in a neonate using a novel miniature stapling device. This new technique is a safe, quick and easier way to perform laparoscopic duodenal atresia repair.     

微创肌肉非损伤性开胸术治疗贲门肿瘤

目的探讨微创肌肉非损伤性开胸行贲门肿瘤手术的可行性. 方法采用经左胸第7肋间微创肌肉非损伤性开胸行贲门肿瘤手术25例. 结果 20例贲门腺癌,4例鳞癌,行近端胃大部和食管下段切除,残胃-食管胸内吻合术.1例贲门部增生型息肉,行胃底切开,肿瘤摘除术.全组患者无围术期严重并发症,无手术死亡. 结论微创肌肉非损伤性开胸术操作简单,暴露充分,对相对早期的贲门癌是一种可选择的手术方法.     

食管癌贲门癌术后胸胃排空障碍的临床分析

目的探讨食管癌贲门癌术后胸胃排空障碍的诱因、诊断和治疗。方法回顾性分析1990年1月-2003年12月我院施行1369例食管癌贲门癌切除术的病人临床资料。结果本组病例发生胸胃排空障碍17例,发生率1.24%,其中机械性胸胃排空障碍5例,功能性胸胃排空障碍12例,均发生于术后3～12d,再次手术治疗5例;治愈16例,死亡1例。结论上消化道造影、胃镜是鉴别机械性胃排空障碍和功能性胃排空障碍的重要方法,对食管癌术后机械性胃排空障碍应采取手术治疗,而功能性胃排空障碍采取保守治疗多能好转。     

Analysis of Clinicopathological Prognostic Parameters in Adenocarcinoma of the Gastric Cardia

Background: The optimal extent of resection for carcinoma of gastric cardia remains a subject of controversy. Although both total gastrectomy (TG) and proximal gastrectomy (PG) have their own advantages, similar survival rates were given for both. The main aim of this study is to investigate whether the extent of resection is an important prognostic factor in carcinoma of the gastric cardia.

Method: Records of 60 patients with carcinoma of gastric cardia, operated on between the January 1989-January 1993 at Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty Department of General Surgery, were reviewed retrospectively. The relationship between clinico-histopathological variables and 5-year survival was retrospectively analysed. Results: Of the 14 clinico-histopathological variables, eight (age, local invasion, grade, lymphatic micro-invasion, depth of penetration, lymph node involvement, type of operation and stage of disease) were found to have a significant influence on survival. Among those clinico-histopathological variables that influenced 5-year survival on univariate analysis, only age (p = 0.0029) and depth of tumour penetration (p = 0.008) independently affected survival. Conclusion: According to our results, depth of tumour penetration and age are the only variables which were found to independently affect 5-year survival. Depth of tumour penetration may serve as a potential marker for a biologically more aggressive tumour. The extent of resection (TG vs. PG) does not affect the long-term survival of the adeno-carcinoma of the cardia.     

Palliative treatment of esophageal and cardial carcinoma

Recent series reported increasing incidence of esophageal and cardial cancers with prognosis still severe in spite of surgical progress. The late diagnosis reduces the chance of radical surgery; on the other hand about 80-90% of patients develop local or distant recurrence. Therefore the treatment of esophageal and cardial cancer is often palliative: surgical resection is reserved only to selected cases. Endoscopic palliation was the treatment of choice in a total of 265 patients 174 of which received laser therapy and 91 prosthesis intubation. The results it good in about 80% of cases.