药物涂层球囊在股腘动脉硬化性病变中的应用进展

经皮腔内血管成形术是治疗股腘动脉硬化性病变的首选方法,术后较高的再狭窄率是临床亟待解决的问题。药物涂层球囊(DCB)作为一种新兴治疗手段,可抑制血管内膜增生及炎症反应,在股腘动脉硬化性病变的初次治疗及支架内再狭窄的治疗方面可明显降低晚期管腔丢失及靶病变血运重建率。此外,DCB联合斑块切除术、DCB联合金属支架植入术可改善股腘动脉重度狭窄的临床疗效。本文对近年来DCB在股腘动脉硬化性病变中的应用进展进行综述。     

Independent predictors of restenosis after percutaneous coronary revascularization in haemodialysis patients.

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous balloon angioplasty has become a well-established and routine procedure for coronary revascularization of haemodialysis patients with coronary artery disease. However, the incidence of restenosis after balloon angioplasty is significantly higher in haemodialysis patients than in the general population. We performed a retrospective study comparing balloon angioplasty with coronary stenting in haemodialysis patients. We evaluated the long-term clinical and angiographic outcome after successful percutaneous coronary revascularization in haemodialysis patients. METHODS: A total of 103 consecutive haemodialysis patients (123 lesions) underwent procedurally and clinically successful percutaneous revascularization. Patients were treated with three different strategies: (i) balloon angioplasty in 55 patients (69 lesions); (ii) coronary stenting with balloon angioplasty in 23 patients (25 lesions); and (iii) coronary stenting with rotational atherectomy in 25 patients (29 lesions) who had severely calcified stenotic coronaries. RESULTS: The rates of in-hospital mortality were similar in the three groups. The 1-year incidence of overall events and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were significantly higher in the balloon group than in the stent with/without rotational atherectomy groups (75% vs 36 and 28%, P<0.01; 71% vs 32 and 28%, P<0.01). Use of coronary stenting (relative risk=0.006, P<0.001) and the presence of calcified coronary lesion (relative risk=68.2, P<0.001) were independent predictors of the 1-year MACE-free survival after percutaneous revascularization. The 3-year MACE-free survival rate was significantly lower in the balloon group than in the stent with/without rotational atherectomy groups (11% vs 33 and 47%, P<0.005 and P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that coronary stenting reduces the incidence of MACE in haemodialysis patients with/without calcified coronary lesions. Moreover, coronary stenting reduces the restenosis rate of both complex and restenotic lesions, and rotational atherectomy prior to coronary stenting reduces the restenosis rate of the severely calcified coronary lesions. These results suggest that coronary stenting with/without rotational atherectomy has led to an improved long-term outcome in the haemodialysis patients with coronary artery disease.     

Rotarex治疗股腘动脉支架内再狭窄的现状及展望

支架内再狭窄（ISR）是股腘动脉（FP）疾病介入治疗术后面临的一个重要临床问题。初次置入支架的FP-ISR发生率较高,并且反复的ISR往往需要多次后续手术治疗。前期的研究集中在球囊血管成形术、搭桥手术、覆膜支架、药物球囊、减容治疗,但最佳治疗方案仍有争议。近期的治疗方案已转向两种或多种方法的联合治疗。其中以Rotarex斑块切除术加减容为基础的联合治疗成为FP-ISR治疗的一种新选择。笔者就Rotarex联合治疗应用于FP-ISR的安全性和有效性进行分析,并讨论未来的前景。     

Nationwide trends in drug-coated balloon and drug-eluting stent utilization in the femoropopliteal arteries

ObjectiveDrug-coated balloons (DCB) and drug-eluting stents (DES) have significantly altered treatment paradigms for femoropopliteal lesions. We aimed to describe changes in practice patterns as a result of the infusion of these technologies into the treatment of peripheral arterial disease.MethodsWe queried the Vascular Quality Initiative registry from 2010 to 2017 for all peripheral vascular interventions involving the superficial femoral artery and/or the popliteal artery. Cases were divided into a PRE and a POST era with a cutoff of September 2016, when specific device identity was first recorded in Vascular Quality Initiative. For each artery, a primary treatment was identified as either plain balloon angioplasty, atherectomy, DCB, bare-metal stent, or DES. The relative distribution of primary treatments between the PRE and POST eras was evaluated, as were lesion characteristics associated with DCB and DES use and regional variability in the adoption of these new technologies.ResultsOf 210,666 arteries in the dataset, 91,864 femoropopliteal arteries (across 74,842 procedures in 55,437 patients) were included. Each artery received 1.5 ± 0.6 treatments. Primary treatment use changed from 40% balloon angioplasty, 45% stenting, and 15% atherectomy in the PRE era to 22% plain balloon angioplasty, 26% bare-metal stent, 8% atherectomy, 37% DCB, and 8% DES in the POST era (P < .001). Forty-three percent of arteries received a drug-containing device as a primary or adjunctive therapy and 1.3% received both a DCB and DES in the POST era. DCB use as the primary treatment was highest in lesions with length 10.0 to 19.9 cm (42%), TransAtlantic InterSociety A, B, or C lesions (38%), and lesions with mild to no calcification (38%). DES use was highest in lesions with a length of 20 cm or more (12%), TransAtlantic InterSociety D lesions (13%), and lesions with moderate to severe calcification (9%). The range of use across 18 regions was 125 to 40% for DCB and 1% to 14% for DES. Regional variability was greater for DES (SD 4% vs mean 8%) than for DCB (SD 7% vs mean 29%).ConclusionsThere has been a rapid dissemination of DCB and DES technology in the femoropopliteal vessels, with nearly one-half of arteries receiving a drug-containing therapy in modern practice. DCBs are most used in medium length, minimally calcified lesions and DESs are most used in longer, more heavily calcified lesions. There is significant regional variability in adoption, especially with DES.     

Infrainguinal disease treatment: to stent or not to stent

Infrainguinal endovascular interventions have increasingly played a central role in relieving symptoms of claudication and limb salvage over the last decade. Multiple modalities currently exist for treating these arteries; however, balloon angioplasty with or without stenting still remains the most commonly used technique. Despite the concerns regarding the use of stents with stent fractures and in-stent restenosis, there is increased evidence from randomized and non-randomized studies that use of nitinol stents improves patency rates in most patients with >5 cm long lesions. However, the optimal endovascular treatment of the longest lesions is still debated. Infrapopliteal vessels are still mostly treated with balloon angioplasty, but selective use of bare or drug eluting stents especially in longer lesions is promising. The role of drug-eluting stents, balloons and other debulking procedures for both femoropopliteal and infrapopliteal arteries still needs to be further investigated.     

Directional atherectomy versus balloon angioplasty in segmental femoropopliteal artery disease: Two-year follow-up with color-flow duplex scanning

Purpose: Directional atherectomy is an endovascular interventional technique for excision and removal of obstructive arterial lesions. To evaluate whether atherectomy would provide better results than conventional balloon angioplasty (BA) in symptomatic femoropopliteal disease, a prospective randomized study comparing the early and late outcomes of these techniques was conducted. The rate of restenosis or occlusion was assessed by use of color-flow duplex scanning during the follow-up period.Methods: Seventy-three patients were randomized between atherectomy (38 patients) and BA (35 patients). All patients had segmental lesions of the femoropopliteal arteries amenable to either technique. The median follow-up duration was 13 months (range 1 to 39). Follow-up comprised regular clinical and hemodynamic assessment and color-flow duplex examinations. Restenosis was defined on the basis of a peak systolic velocity ratio of 2.5 or greater, and occlusion of the treated segment was diagnosed if flow signals were absent, that is, loss of patency.Results: Residual stenoses (≥ 30% diameter reduction) resulted in five patients (13%) undergoing atherectomy and three patients (9%) undergoing BA. At 1 month clinical and hemodynamic improvement by Society for Vascular Surgery/International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery criteria for lower limb ischemia was observed in 34 patients (89%) treated with atherectomy and in 34 (97%) treated with BA. By life-table analysis the cumulative rate of clinical and hemodynamic success at 2 years was 52% in patients treated with atherectomy and 87% in patients treated with BA (p = 0.06). The patency rate at 2 years of treated segments was 34% in the atherectomy group and 56% in patients treated with BA (p = 0.07). In patients with lesions greater than 2 cm, the 1-year patency rate of AT was significantly lower than BA (p = 0.03).Conclusions: Atherectomy does not result in an improved clinical and hemodynamic outcome. Furthermore atherectomy of segmental atherosclerotic femoropopliteal disease does not result in a better patency rate than BA, and, in lesions with greater length than 2 cm, the atherectomy results are significantly worse. (J VASC SURG 1995;21:255-69.)     

下肢动脉硬化闭塞症腔内治疗后支架内再狭窄的治疗

目的:探讨下肢动脉硬化闭塞症(ASO)腔内治疗后支架内再狭窄的治疗体会。方法:回顾性分析2012年6月至2014年12月收治的支架内再狭窄的31例下肢ASO患者(49条肢体)资料,其中狭窄病变37条肢体,闭塞病变12条肢体;病变长度8.5~35 cm,平均(25.2±7.5)cm。结果:所有患者均接受腔内治疗,包括单纯球囊扩张成形术35例,球囊扩张后导管溶栓术3例,球囊扩张后支架植入术3例,导管溶栓后球囊扩张术7例,斑块旋切术1例。术后所有患者症状均不同程度缓解,平均踝肱指数较术前明显升高(P0.05)。28例获得随访3~32个月,平均(16.2±5.8)个月,期间出现再狭窄6例(21.4%),均再次行球囊扩张成形术,无截肢及死亡病例。结论:结合其他腔内疗法,球囊扩张术治疗下肢动脉支架内再狭窄疗效满意。     

斑块切除联合药物涂层球囊治疗股腘动脉硬化闭塞症应用进展

股腘动脉（FPA）是下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的好发部位。腔内治疗是治疗FPA硬化闭塞症的主要方式，然而术后再狭窄是目前面临的主要问题。与普通球囊血管成形术相比，药物涂层球囊（DCB）可明显提高管腔通畅率。良好的血管准备是充分发挥DCB预防再狭窄作用的前提，但在严重钙化、完全闭塞以及支架内再狭窄等复杂性FPA病变的治疗过程中，由于弹性回缩及限流性夹层等原因，DCB的应用受到限制。斑块切除技术虽不能提高血管的远期通畅率，但管腔即刻血流恢复良好，可为应用DCB创造条件。本文基于斑块切除系统和DCB的特点对二者联合治疗FPA硬化闭塞症的应用进展进行综述。     

股腘动脉支架内再狭窄的腔内治疗进展

近年来,随着血管内支架置入术在股腘动脉狭窄与闭塞疾病中的广泛应用,支架内再狭窄(ISR)的发生率也在逐年上升。虽然药物涂层球囊(DCB)的使用减轻了ISR的患病率,但ISR的治疗仍然是一个难点。虽然普通球囊(POBA)、切割球囊、冷冻球囊,再次支架植入已经在ISR的治疗中得到应用,但效果均不满意。而减容技术以及DCB分别有一定的局限性,将两者联合使用可以发挥各自的优势,可能是未来治疗股腘动脉ISR的有效途径。     

The influence of surgical insults on restenosis after transluminal balloon angioplasty

The influences of atherogenic response on restenosis after transluminal balloon angioplasty and the anastomosis of arterial reconstruction were investigated. Iliac transluminal balloon angioplasty was performed on 81 consecutive patients at 86 sites, between January, 1987 and December, 1992. A balloon angioplasty alone was performed in 58 patients at 60 sites, while distal revascularization was performed in 23 patients on 26 limbs, in association with the angioplasty. An improvement in the inflow of the distal grafts was achieved in 22 of these 23 patients in 26 limbs. The combined distal revascularization included 21 femoropopliteal bypasses, 3 femorofemoral bypasses, and 2 thromboendarterectomies at the profunda femoris arteries. A reduction in the luminal diameter after the balloon angioplasty was determined by means of follow-up arteriograms which showed no obvious progression of the restenosis at the angioplasty sites even when neointimal hyperplasia had developed at the anastomosis of the arterial reconstruction. The accumulative graft patency rate of the combined distal revascularization did not differ significantly from that of femoropopliteal reconstructions alone during the same study period. This study demonstrated that concomitant surgical insults do not have a detrimental effect on restenoses at angioplasty sites.     

Intraoperative balloon angioplasty: a surgical approach.

Percutaneous balloon angioplasty is a recognized treatment for peripheral atherosclerosis involving the iliac and femoropopliteal segments. From their experience in 38 patients the authors have examined the efficacy of intraoperative balloon angioplasty for tandem lesions requiring both balloon angioplasty and surgical intervention. Between January 1988 and July 1990, 43 intraoperative balloon angioplasties were performed in 19 women and 19 men who required inflow or outflow angioplasty in addition to surgical bypass. The indication for surgery was incapacitating claudication in 32 (74%) patients and limb salvage in 11 (26%) patients. Initial technical success was achieved in 17 (89%) of 19 patients who required iliac surgery and in 22 (92%) of 24 patients who required femoropopliteal balloon dilatations. There were four major complications (9%), all requiring surgical intervention. In two cases there was dissection with thrombosis and in two cases failure to improve the pressure gradient. Patients were followed up for up to 24 months. Two of the inflow angioplasties failed between 6 and 9 months. Two of the outflow angioplasties failed between 12 and 15 months. Three patients died in the follow-up period, two from myocardial infarction. In the authors' experience intraoperative balloon angioplasty has proven a worthwhile adjunct for tandem lesions in the iliac and femoropopliteal segments.     

Experience with laser-assisted balloon angioplasty and a rotary angioplasty instrument: lessons learned.

Favorable early results with mechanical angioplasty devices and laser-assisted balloon angioplasty have resulted in aggressive marketing and a rapid increase in the use of these devices for the treatment of femoropopliteal occlusive disease. Recent reports, however, have questioned the durability of these less invasive procedures. Since 1986 we have been involved in the clinical investigation of the Kensey dynamic angioplasty instrument and laser-assisted balloon angioplasty. One hundred two balloon angioplasty procedures assisted by the Nd:YAG laser (n = 56) and the Kensey dynamic angioplasty instrument (n = 46) were performed for the treatment of femoropopliteal occlusive lesions. Both Kensey dynamic angioplasty instrument and laser-assisted balloon angioplasty groups were similar with regard to age, operative indication, preoperative ankle-brachial index, lesion length, and distal runoff. Mean follow-up was 19 months in the Kensey dynamic angioplasty instrument group and 15 months in the laser-assisted balloon angioplasty group. Technically successful recanalization was achieved in 67% of Kensey dynamic angioplasty instrument-assisted balloon angioplasty procedures and 82% of laser-assisted balloon angioplasty procedures. Early hemodynamic and clinical improvement was obtained in 59% of Kensey dynamic angioplasty instrument-assisted balloon angioplasty procedures and 57% of laser-assisted balloon angioplasty procedures. Two-year clinical success by life-table analysis was 37% in the Kensey dynamic angioplasty instrument group and 19% in the laser-assisted balloon angioplasty group. The level of subsequent surgical revascularization was not altered in any patient by Kensey dynamic angioplasty instrument-assisted balloon angioplasty or laser-assisted balloon angioplasty.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Indications and results with cryoplasty in the treatment of infrainguinal arterial occlusive disease

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the superficial femoral and popliteal arteries has been an accepted therapy for short focal stenosis. Elastic recoil and flow-limiting dissection have limited the durability of angioplasty, especially in long lesions and total occlusions. Cryoplasty couples cold therapy with angioplasty to induce mechanical and biologic effects to reduce elastic recoil and potentially to reduce restenosis. The mechanical and biologic mechanisms of this therapy are discussed. The results of cryoplasty for femoropopliteal lesions from a single-center series and a multicenter registry are reviewed. Cryoplasty appears to improve patency over conventional angioplasty and to reduce the need for bailout stenting in femoropopliteal stenoses and occlusions < 10 cm in length. Cryoplasty appears to be promising to treat critical limb ischemia in patients with tibial disease.     

Recanalization of infrainguinal vessels: silverhawk, laser, and the remote superficial femoral artery endarterectomy

There are multiple endovascular options to achieve percutaneous revascularization of chronic superficial femoral artery (SFA) stenoses and occlusions. Most rely on forceful displacement of plaque via balloon angioplasty, either as a stand-alone therapy or supplemented by cold thermal injury (cryoplasty), microtome assistance (cutting balloon angioplasty), nitinol stent deployment, or expanded polytetrafluoroethylene-lined nitinol stent deployment. Excellent technical success rates are routinely described in the literature. The essential problem associated with these techniques is the predictable compromise of the initial result by neointimal hyperplasia leading to poor long-term results. An alternative to forceful displacement techniques is use of directional atherectomy or excimer laser to debulk the atheromatous lesion, with the addition of low-pressure angioplasty or stent deployment as needed. Currently, directional atherectomy is performed using the Silverhawk Plaque Excision System (FoxHollow, Redwood City, CA), while laser atherectomy is frequently performed with the CLIRpath Excimer Laser (Spectranetics Corp., Colorado Springs, CO). While both techniques can be utilized for de novo atherosclerotic lesions, even eccentric lesions or ostial lesions, proponents of these devices have also shown good short-term results in the treatment of restenoses. Remote SFA endarterectomy with the Aspire stent (Vascular Architects, San Jose, CA) is a hybrid surgical and endovascular technique that is useful for debulking plaque from the SFA with adjunctive stenting of the distal SFA. We present a review of various alternative techniques to forceful balloon dilation used in the recanalization of the SFA with potential pitfalls and complications, along with a review of literature associated with each of these techniques.     

Colour-coded duplex ultrasonography in the selection of patients for endovascular surgery.

Endovascular surgery using angioplasty or atherectomy may potentially relieve the symptoms of claudicants with minimal morbidity, but results are best when short stenoses are treated. In this study, colour-coded duplex ultrasonography has been compared with angiography. In aortoiliac segments duplex examination had a sensitivity of 88 per cent and a specificity of 100 per cent; in femoropopliteal disease the sensitivity was 100 per cent and duplex scanning identified more disease than angiography. Subsequently, 73 symptomatic limbs with femoropopliteal disease were scanned to assess their suitability for endovascular surgery. Of these limbs, 27 (37 per cent) had suitable lesions and the remaining 46 (63 per cent) were spared angiography. Colour-coded duplex ultrasonography can reliably be used to select patients for endovascular surgery.     

TurboHawk斑块切除系统联合药物涂层球囊在治疗股腘动脉硬化闭塞性疾病中的应用

目的:评价应用Turbo Hawk斑块切除系统联合药物涂层球囊(DCB)治疗股腘动脉硬化闭塞性疾病的安全性和有效性。方法:2016年4月—2017年10月,对17例股腘动脉硬化闭塞性疾病患者应用Turbo Hawk斑块切除系统联合DCB治疗。17例患者平均年龄(66.9±10.5)岁;其中男14例,女3例;股腘动脉狭窄病变13例,闭塞性病变4例;术前Rutherford分级2~5级;术前踝肱指数(ABI)为0.49±0.18。结果:17例患者的血管病变全部经腔内开通成功,其中1例股动脉穿孔患者行补救性覆膜支架植入术,另1例远端栓塞患者经股动脉切开球囊导管取栓后血流恢复通畅,技术成功率88.2%。术后ABI为0.99±0.27,明显高于术前(P=0.03)。术后3、6个月一期通畅率分别为94.1%,88.2%,二期通畅率100%。结论:Turbo Hawk斑块切除系统联合药物涂层球囊治疗股腘动脉硬化闭塞性疾病安全有效,早期效果满意。     

What is the evidence for the efficacy of cryoplasty?

Cryoplasty is a technique for treating vascular stenosis which combines balloon angioplasty with cold injury. The combination is proposed to reduce the incidence of restenosis by inhibition of neointimal hyperplasia. There have been several clinical studies which purport to show improved patency compared to conventional angioplasty. Unfortunately, these are not comparative or controlled studies and have not been performed, analyzed or reported in accordance with recognized reporting standards for peripheral vascular intervention. The studies on femoropopliteal disease have selected favourable patients. Of greatest concern is the use of surrogate endpoints in lieu of objective demonstration of vessel patency. Critical interpretation of the results fails to demonstrate any convincing superiority of cryoplasty compared to conventional balloon angioplasty. Where little difference in outcome exists between two techniques, a trial comparing them will require hundreds of patients to be sufficiently powered to demonstrate a benefit of one technique over the other. As cryoplasty is significantly more expensive than conventional angioplasty, the cost benefit ratio is unfavourable and such a trial is unlikely to occur.This article is a critical review of the technique of cryoplasty. The reader will be able to: describe expected outcomes from balloon angioplasty; describe the theoretical role for cold injury as a component of angioplasty; recognize the need to adhere to well defined standards when reporting the results of new techniques for treating vascular disease; critically review the results of cryoplasty; understand the limitations and relevance of the published clinical results of cryoplasty.     

Endovascular brachytherapy for the prevention of restenosis after femoropopliteal angioplasty. Results of the VARA Trial

AIM: Endovascular brachytherapy (EBT) has been proposed as a method to prevent restenosis. We performed a prospective randomised multicenter study to determine its efficacy for prophylaxis of restenosis after femoropopliteal percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA). METHODS: Patients with symptomatic stenotic or totally occluding lesions in the femoropopliteal artery were randomised to be treated with PTA plus EBT or PTA alone. In case of EBT, 14 Gy was applied by an 192Ir source to the vessel wall. Clinical examination, ankle-brachial pressure index (ABPI) and duplex ultrasound were planned after 6 and 12 months. The primary endpoint was significant restenosis of the treated segment at duplex ultrasound after 12 months. RESULTS: Fifty-three of the 60 patients who eventually met the inclusion criteria could be studied. After 12 months, restenosis rates were 44% (12/27) in the PTA group versus 35% (8/23) in the PTA + EBT group (c2 test, P=0.51). There was no difference in mandatory reintervention between the 2 groups. Overall, EBT resulted in an absolute risk reduction of significant restenosis of 9%, yet in patients with totally occlusive disease this reduction was 32%. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests an effect of EBT on the occurrence of restenosis only after PTA of occluded femoropopliteal lesions. Due to a too small number of patients analysed this difference is not statistically significant.     

Coronary laser angioplasty

With the widespread growth of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTC A), the realization of limitations of balloon angioplasty stimulated the development of alternative revascularization approaches such as laser angioplasty. PTCA is best suited for the treatment of discrete atherosclerotic stenoses, with lower success rates and more difficult application in patients with diffuse atherosclerotic disease or total occlusions [1–3]. Moreover, despite an initially high primary success rate, coronary angioplasty is still plagued by a restenosis rate as high as 57% [4]. The potential advantages of laser angioplasty address the limitations of PTCA. In contrast to balloon angioplasty where the plaque material is compressed or displaced, laser angioplasty ablates the plaque material [5]. This bulk removal of plaque material could improve acute procedural success rates, decrease complication rates, treat “untreatable” lesions, and decrease restenosis rates. Because laser energy can vaporize atherosclerotic plaque, there may be no requirement for a preexisting channel, and therefore laser angioplasty may have a high success rate for the treatment of coronary occlusions. In its best embodiment, laser angioplasty offers the potential for passing a fiberoptic catheter through the entire length of the coronary circulation to vaporize all atherosclerotic plaque along the arterial wall. This applicability for the treatment of diffuse atherosclerotic disease would offer treatment opportunities currently unavailable with conventional bypass surgery or angioplasty. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

长支架植入治疗股腘动脉硬化闭塞症的临床研究

目的观察长支架治疗长段或多节段股腘动脉狭窄闭塞病变的可行性及近期疗效。方法 2008年11月—2010年10月收治60例(共70条肢体)股腘动脉硬化闭塞的患者,应用长球囊对狭窄或闭塞性病变进行扩张成形后植入自膨式长支架(长度8～20 cm)治疗;对合并膝下动脉硬化闭塞者(24条肢体)同期应用DEEP球囊进行扩张成形。观察技术成功率、术中及术后并发症发生率和临床疗效。结果股腘动脉球囊扩张和长支架植入的技术成功率为94.3%(66/70条肢体);同期膝下动脉球囊扩张成功率为83.3%(20/24条肢体),其中3例胫腓干因扩张后弹性回缩各植入支架1枚。术后患者临床症状均明显改善,静息痛消失;ABI由术前0.45(0.44±0.20)提高至0.84(0.86±0.24)(P<0.01)。仅在股浅动脉扩张后局部破裂形成肌间血肿2例,未发生其他并发症。结论长支架治疗长段或多节段股腘动脉狭窄闭塞病变是一种微创、安全、近期疗效好的治疗方法,远期疗效有待进一步观察。