Human parvovirus B19 infection in healthcare workers

This paper reports the occurrence of human parvovirus B19 infectionin seven healthcare workers in an acute hospital. The clinicalpresentation mimicked that of rubella and the diagnosis wasmade by the detection of human parvovirus B19 lgM antibody inblood samples taken from the affected members of staff. Thepaper discusses the importance of accurate diagnosis of B19infection because this virus has been implicated in causingor exacerbating a variety of medical conditions. B19 infectionmay be serious for people with chronic haemolytic anaemias,those who are immunocompromised or those who are pregnant. B19infection in pregnancy may be a cause of hydrops fetalis, particularlyif the infection occurs during the second trimester. This isin contrast to the risk of intra-uterine rubella infection whichis maximal in the first few weeks of pregnancy and which affectsfetal development. The paper highlights the need for guidelinesfor occupational health practitioners on the management of parvovirusB19 infection and the need to make healthcare workers awareof the importance of this infection.     

Rheumatologic manifestations of parvovirus B19 infection

Rheumatologic manifestations of parvovirus B19 infection is a recent individualization. They are rather frequent and varied and meet at the young adult's. Generally, it is responsible for acute, bilateral and symmetrical arthritis, usually involving distal joints and sometimes associated to signs caused by viral infections. Prolonged articular forms were discribed but are rare being able to sometimes feign a nocive rheumatoid arthritis because of their clinical aspect and of a seropositivity. Axial manifestations were also reported. The diagnosis of the recent infection by the parvovirus B19 can be confirmed by ELISA identification of specific IgM antibodies. The mechanism of the articular manifestations is still unknown and the link between parvovirus B19 and systemic vasculitis is questioned.     

Seroprevalence of parvovirus B19 infection in daycare educators

This study was undertaken to provide first-time estimates for the seroprevalence of parvovirus B19 infection among daycare educators in Montréal, Canada, and to identify factors associated with seropositivity. A cross-sectional design was used. Directors and educators from 81 daycare centres (DCCs) were surveyed about DCC and personal characteristics respectively, and serum samples from 477 female educators were tested for parvovirus B19 IgG antibodies. The seroprevalence of parvovirus B19 was 70%. Parvovirus B19 seropositivity was significantly associated with age and with working experience in DCCs, but the latter association was restricted to educators aged less than 40 years. In conclusion, working as a daycare educator appears to be associated with increased risk of acquiring parvovirus B19 infection, but this finding will require further investigation. Because of the large proportion of educators susceptible to acquiring parvovirus B19 infection, our findings also highlight the need for preventive measures.     

Human parvovirus B19 infection within a family and risk for pregnant women.

During an outbreak of parvovirus B19 infection among four related families at least 70% of the household contacts, including a woman at the 33rd week of pregnancy, became infected. Twins were born at the 39th week of pregnancy, both with B19 infection. B19 DNA was detected in their sera by a nested PCR, anti-B19 IgM was detectable only by an immunofluorescence assay, and low levels of maternal anti-B19 IgG were demonstrable by an immunoenzymatic test in the serum of both children. All the haematological parameters were normal at birth and 6 months later, when B19 DNA and anti-B19 antibody were no longer detectable in serum samples. This observation emphasizes the high risk of B19 infection among household contacts and the possibility of a favourable outcome of the foetal infection, possibly related to infection late in the pregnancy.     

Human parvovirus B19 in pregnancy

Parvovirus B19 infection can result in an adverse outcome when acquired during pregnancy. However, in the majority of cases a successful outcome can be anticipated. Public awareness of this condition is essential and obstetricians should be familiar with the options available to them if they are presented with this clinical problem.     

济宁地区无偿献血者人细小病毒B19感染的相关研究

目的为了解济宁地区献血人群中人细小病毒B19(human parvovirus B19,简称HPV B19)感染情况,探讨血浆合并对其检出率的影响情况,降低临床输血风险提供一定依据。方法采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)和实时荧光定量PCR(RTPCR)法对采集的960份献血员血液样本进行单人份及随机8人份血浆合并样本进行HPV B19-Ig G、Ig M抗体及DNA检测。结果单人份血浆与随机8人份血浆合并样本HPV B19 Ig G抗体、Ig M抗体阳性率分别为36.15%、5.94%、35.83%、12.50%,抗体阳性标本中单人份及血浆合并样本DNA阳性率分别为0.83%、5.00%。其中Ig M抗体阳性组B19 DNA检出率明显高于Ig G阳性组。结论献血人群中存在较高的HPV B19感染率,血浆合并后Ig M抗体及DNA检出率较高,未提示其传播风险降低,应对儿童、老年人、孕妇等免疫功能低下者选择性输注B19-Ig G抗体滴度较高的血液制品。     

微小病毒B19在自然流产患者中的感染状况研究

目的检测自然流产患者中的HPV B19 Ig M、Ig G抗体及DNA,探讨其对自然流产的预防及诊治价值。方法收集病例组(自然流产孕妇)和对照组(中晚期正常妊娠孕妇)静脉血,采用ELISA法检测HPV B19 Ig M、Ig G抗体,PCR检测HPV B19 DNA,比较自然流产患者与正常待产孕妇感染率的差异。结果病例组检测到3例HPV B19 Ig M阳性标本,对照组未检测到阳性标本;病例组HPV B19 Ig G阳性率为46.15%,低于对照组阳性率63.46%;病例组HPV B19 DNA阳性率为21.15%,显著高于对照组阳性率3.85%。两组差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论长沙地区自然流产孕妇中HPV B19的感染率高于正常妊娠孕妇,推测HPV B19感染与自然流产有相关性。     

Infection control in healthcare settings in Japan

In Japan, the practice of infection control in healthcare settings has a short history of less than 3 decades. Before that, infection control practices were far from perfect and even ignored. This review summarizes changes in infection control in Japan since the 1980s and offers some comparisons with practices in foreign countries, especially the United States. Infection control is far better now than 25 years ago, but there remain fundamental issues that limit the development of better infection control practices. These problems include insufficient funding and human resources due to the socialized healthcare insurance system in Japan and the lack of interest in infection control research.     

人微小病毒B19母婴感染的血清学调查

目的调查该地区B19病毒母婴感染情况。方法用ELISA和套式PCR分别检测母婴血清B19病毒IgG、IgM抗体和DNA。结果92例孕妇血清B19病毒IgG抗体阳性率3704%,720例孕妇血清B19病毒IgM抗体阳性率902%,而95例婴儿脐血IgM抗体阴性;720例孕妇血清和95例婴儿脐血B19病毒DNA亦均为阴性。结论部分孕妇存在B19病毒感染既往史,少数孕妇有近期或急性B19病毒感染,但母婴垂直传播B19病毒风险很低。     

邯郸市19所二级综合医院医院感染与社区感染现患率调查

目的了解邯郸市二级综合医院医院感染与社区感染现状。方法采用查阅住院病历与床旁调查相结合的方法,调查邯郸市19所二级综合医院住院患者的感染情况。结果此次调查应查人数4 897例,实查4 879例,实查率99.63%。发生医院感染174例,医院感染现患率为3.57%,社区感染1 113例,社区感染现患率为22.81%;医院与社区感染现患率均以儿科最高,分别为5.16%、71.56%;医院感染部位主要是下呼吸道（36.65%）、上呼吸道（30.89%）及泌尿道（9.42%）,社区感染部位主要是下呼吸道（40.99%）、上呼吸道（22.17%）及胃肠道（5.30%）。抗菌药物使用率为60.05%,其中以治疗为目的用药占43.92%,预防用药占39.97%,治疗+预防用药占16.11%;抗菌药物单一用药占68.02%,二联用药占29.56%,三联用药占2.15%,四联及以上用药占0.27%。结论现患率调查有助于全面了解医院感染和社区感染现状以及抗菌药物使用情况,有助于针对性地采取预防控制措施。     

Seroprevalence of parvovirus B19 in the German population

Acute parvovirus B19 infection is a risk for pregnant women. After vertical transmission the infected fetus may develop hydrops fetalis. Since B19 infection occurs mainly during childhood, children represent a main source for virus transmission. In order to determine whether certain groups in the German population show increased risks for B19 infection we analysed the seroprevalence using 6583 sera collected from adults in former Eastern and Western Germany during the German National Health Survey and 649 sera from healthy Thuringian children and adolescents. In adults the overall seroprevalence was 72.1%, rising from 20.4% in children (1-3 years) and 66.9% in adolescents (18-19 years) to 79.1% in the elderly (65-69 years). Significant differences were observed between females (73.3%) and males (70.9%) and between inhabitants of small (74.8%) and big cities (69.0%) but not between people of the former Eastern (72.8%) and Western states (72.0%) of Germany. For women during childbearing age (18-49 years) highest values were observed in those living together with two or more children (81.6%) and in women with occupational contact with children aged <6 years (88.9%). In contrast seroprevalence was significantly lower in age-matched female singles (64.8%) and in women with occupational contact with children aged >6 years and adolescents (63.8%).     

The burden of parvovirus B19 infection in women of childbearing age in England and Wales

A serological survey has been used to investigate the epidemiology of parvovirus B19 infection in England and Wales. A total of 2835 sera representing the complete age range were selected from a convenience collection obtained in 1996 that reflects the general population and screened for parvovirus B19-specific IgG. Antibody prevalence rose nonlinearly with age from 21% in those aged 1-4 years to >75% in adults aged > or = 45 years. Force-of-infection estimates were similar to those previously made in 1991, being highest in those aged <15 years. There was no association between evidence of previous infection and sex or region. Quantitatively strongest antibody responses were found in those aged 15-34 years and IgG levels in females were 28.5% higher than those found in males (P=0.004, 95% CI 8.2-52.6). Applying the upper 95% confidence interval for the force of infection to maternity estimates for England and Wales in 1996, parvovirus infection in pregnancy was estimated to occur on average in up to 1 in every 512 pregnancies each year. This represents 1257 maternal infections, causing up to an estimated 59 fetal deaths and 11 cases of hydrops fetalis annually. An analysis of all available laboratory-confirmed parvovirus infections found a mean of 944 infections per year in women aged 15-44 years highlighting a need for enhanced surveillance of maternal parvovirus B19 infection in England and Wales, including information on both pregnancy and outcome of pregnancy.     

47360例育龄妇女细小病毒B19感染情况分析

目的分析孕前和孕期妇女细小病毒B 19(human parvovirus B 19,简称B 19)感染情况,为临床医生提供参考。方法采用酶联免疫的方法对2013~2015年来广西壮族自治区妇产医院就诊的18~45岁孕前及孕期妇女血清中细小病毒B 19的特异性抗体IgM进行检测,并按照不同条件进行分析。结果 B19 IgM抗体阳性率2013年11.34%,2014年4.93%,2015年8.75%;不同年龄段的阳性率差异无统计学意义(P0.05);第三、第四季度感染率高于其它季度,不同季节之间差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论南宁地区育龄妇女B 19感染率较高,应广泛检测,提高优生优育质量。     

病区医院感染管理规范WS/T 510—2016

正前言根据《中华人民共和国传染病防治法》和《医院感染管理办法》制定本标准。本标准按照GB/T1.1—2009给出的规则起草。本标准起草单位:北京大学第一医院、国家卫生计生委医院管理研究所、首都医科大学宣武医院、解放军总医院、山东省立医院、广东省人民医院、北京大学口腔医院、首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院、北京协和医院、北京清华医院。本标准主要起草人:李六亿、巩玉秀、王力红、刘运喜、李