母体不同孕期与新生儿血中瘦素水平的观察

目的 :观察母体在不同孕期血清与新生儿脐血中瘦素水平变化及其相关关系。方法 :应用放射免疫分析 ,随机对 3 0 0例孕前、孕早期、孕中期和临产时母体血清及新生儿脐血中的瘦素水平进行了检测。结果 :妇女孕早期与孕前血中瘦素之间变化基本一致 (p >0 0 5 ) ,从孕中期开始血清瘦素水平则明显升高 ,分娩时达到高峰 (p <0 0 5或p <0 0 1)。新生儿脐血中瘦素水平与孕前母体血中瘦素水平较为一致。妇女妊娠前、后血清瘦素水平均与体重、体重指数、腹围、子宫底高度、舒张压、收缩压呈正相关。新生儿脐血瘦素水平与出生体重呈正相关 ;而与其母体瘦素水平呈负相关。结论 :新生儿瘦素来自自身 ,其浓度主要由脂肪组织的积累程度决定。检测孕期母血中瘦素浓度对判断、预测胎儿体重帮助意义不大 ,但可以了解母体孕期体重增加程度 ,并对妊娠高血压综合征的临床观察和预后判断有一定价值     

孕期体重与妊娠期糖尿病的关系

目的探讨孕期体重与妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)的关系.方法对504名孕妇进行50g葡萄糖激发试验,阳性者再作75 g葡萄糖耐量试验,将504名孕妇分为GDM组16例和正常孕妇组488例.由专人询问孕妇孕前的身高、体重和腰围,计算体重指数(BMI),分娩前测量体重,计算整个孕期体重增加值.对不同孕前BMI孕妇GDM的发病率,以及GDM孕妇与正常孕妇体重特征的不同进行比较.结果 1.504名孕妇发生GDM16例,发病率为3.2%.孕前BMI≥24的肥胖孕妇有30例,发生GDM者4例,而BMI<24的非肥胖孕妇为474例,发生GDM者12例,肥胖组GDM的发病率明显高于非肥胖组,(P<0.01).2.GDM孕妇平均孕前BMI为22.4±2.77,平均孕前腰围为71.9±6.1cm,明显高于正常孕妇,分别为19.9±2.2和67.1±5.3cm,(P<0.05).504名孕妇孕期平均体重增加16.2±4.3kg,GDM孕妇孕期平均体重增加16.8±6.4kg,正常孕妇孕期平均体重增加16.1±4.3kg,两组相比无差别,(P>0.05).结论孕前肥胖是GDM的危险因素,应加强对孕前肥胖孕妇的指导和监护.     

妊娠期糖尿病母婴血清及胎盘抵抗素变化及其与胎儿生长发育的相关性研究

目的探讨妊娠期糖尿病母婴血清抵抗素水平、胎盘及皮下脂肪组织抵抗素基因表达及其与胎儿生长发育的关系。方法采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法测定40例妊娠期糖尿病及55例正常孕妇母血清及新生儿脐血血清中抵抗素水平;采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(Real-time PCR)检测两组胎盘及皮下脂肪组织抵抗素m RNA的表达。结果 1GDM组孕妇产前BMI、孕期体重增长、新生儿出生体重高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。2GDM组孕妇血清抵抗素水平显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);GDM组新生儿脐血血清抵抗素水平显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。组内比较,脐血抵抗素水平显著高于母血抵抗素水平,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。3GDM组和对照组胎盘组织抵抗素m RNA表达有显著差异,双△Ct法进行相对定量分析,GDM组抵抗素m RNA表达量是对照组的3.784倍。两组皮下脂肪组织抵抗素m RNA表达无明显差异。结论 GDM孕妇血清及脐血抵抗素水平的升高可能参与了GDM的发生发展以及胎儿的宫内发育的调节,循环中抵抗素的变化主要来自于胎盘抵抗素基因表达的变化。     

瘦素、脂联素与妊娠期糖尿病胰岛素抵抗关系的研究

目的探讨瘦素、脂联素与妊娠期糖尿病胰岛素抵抗的关系。方法采用稳态模型评估法评估正常糖耐量孕妇（NGT）糖耐量减低孕妇（GIGT）和妊娠期糖尿病孕妇（GDM）的胰岛素抵抗指数,采用放射免疫分析方法检测其血浆瘦素、脂联素、血糖及胰岛素水平。结果 GDM组和GIGT组HOMA-IR显著高于NGT组,GDM组HOMA-IR显著高于GIGT组。血清瘦素水平由NGT组到GIGT组和GDM组呈显著增高,瘦素与空腹胰岛素、孕晚期体重指数、HOMA-IR呈显著正相关;血清脂联素由NGT组到GIGT组和GDM组呈显著下降,脂联素与空腹胰岛素、孕晚期体重指数、HOMA-IR呈显著负相关。结论瘦素、脂联素水平与GDM患者IR程度密切相关,其水平可作为预测妊娠期糖尿病胰岛素敏感性的指标,将来可能是治疗妊娠期糖尿病的新靶点。     

新生儿血清瘦素水平变化与胰岛素和生长激素关系的研究

目的　探讨新生儿血清瘦素来源及其与胰岛素和生长激素的关系。方法　采用放射免疫法检测 80例新生儿静脉血和脐血瘦素水平 ,根据不同胎龄新生儿出生体重值分为大于胎龄儿 (LGA)组 2 8例 ,适于胎龄儿 (AGA)组 36例 ,小于胎龄儿 (SGA)组 16例 ;采用Rohrer′s指数 =出生体重 (g)× 10 0 /身长 (cm) 3 估测新生儿营养状态。结果　早产儿血清瘦素水平明显低于足月儿 (0 6 6± 1 0 3ng/mlvs 3 5 9± 2 16ng/ml,P <0 0 1) ;AGA儿血清瘦素水平 (3 0 6± 0 96ng/m1)明显低于LGA儿(4 0 3± 2 2 2ng/m1) ,而高于SGA儿 (1 13± 1 98ng/m1) ;足月新生儿血清瘦素水平与Rohrer′s指数、新生儿体重、胎龄 ,血清胰岛素、生长激素水平呈显著正相关。结论　新生儿体内瘦素主要来源于自身脂肪组织 ,它反映新生儿的生长营养状态 ,推测瘦素可能通过胰岛素、生长激素共同调节新生儿的生长发育 ,在胎儿和新生儿生长发育中起重要作用。     

围产期脐血瘦素水平与胎儿体格发育的关系

目的　了解脐血瘦素的来源及其对胎儿发育的影响。方法　采用逆转录聚合酶链反应 (RT -PCR)检测 6 7例胎盘组织瘦素的相对水平 ,采用DSLELISA法检测血清瘦素水平 ,采用体脂含量 [F % =0 .884 8×SFT4+0 .0 2 2 ]估测新生儿营养状态 ,并根据出生体重分为小于胎龄儿 (SGA)组 2 3例 ,适于胎龄儿 (AGA)组 4 4例。结果　 (1)脐血瘦素水平与新生儿体重、身长、头围、上臂围及体脂含量成极显著正相关 (r =.4 95、.4 0 9、.36 1、.4 4 2、.4 4 7,P均≤ 0 .0 1) ,与母血、胎盘瘦素水平无明显相关性。 (2 )SGA组的脐血瘦素水平显著低于AGA组 (t=3.5 2 4 ,P <0 .0 0 1)。 (3)脐血瘦素水平具有性别差异 ,男婴明显低于女婴 (t =2 .0 2 6 ,P<0 .0 5 )。结论　胎儿脂肪组织的发育和脂肪量的累积是胎儿血清瘦素水平的主要决定因素 ;胎儿体重与瘦素之间可能存在一个负反馈自控环路直接调控胎儿体重。     

孕前体重指数、孕期增重与糖耐量异常及新生儿出生体重的关系

目的探讨孕妇孕前体重指数及孕期体重增加情况对糖耐量异常及新生儿出生体重的影响。方法测量385例足月单胎初产妇孕前身高、体重和孕期体重增加情况,计算孕前体重指教,并随访糖耐量异常、巨大儿和低体重儿的发生情况。结果（1）孕前肥胖的孕妇糖耐量异常的发生率高于孕前消瘦和理想体重的孕妇（P〈0．05）,而后两组间无差别（P〉0．05）。发生巨大儿和低体重儿的几率3组比较差异无显著性。（2）无论孕前体重指数如何,当孕期体重增加≥18kg时糖耐量异常和巨大儿的发生率明显增高（P〈0．01）,而当孕期体重增加〈9kg时低体重儿的发生率明显增高（P〈0．01）。结论孕前体重指数和孕期增重是孕期发生糖耐量异常的重要影响因素,新生儿出生体重与孕妇孕期体重增加情况密切相关。     

妊娠期糖尿病患者血清irisin与胰岛素抵抗的相关性研究

目的探讨妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)患者血清irisin水平与胰岛素抵抗的相关性。方法选取GDM孕妇50例为GDM组,同期正常糖耐量孕妇(NGT)50例作为NGT组。所有研究对象检测空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、血清irisin水平。计算稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)。结果 GDM组血清irisin水平明显低于NGT组(P0.01)。相关分析显示GDM组血清irisin水平与FINS、HOMA-IR呈负相关(P0.01)。结论 GDM患者血清irisin水平较正常孕妇减低,可能参与了胰岛素抵抗的发生发展。     

妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症患者脐血瘦素水平及临床意义

目的探讨ICP患者脐血瘦素水平的变化及其临床意义。方法随机选取住院病人42例,其中ICP孕妇30例和正常孕妇12例,ICP患者按不同分度、不同孕周及羊水胎粪污染有无分类。采用放射免疫法检测脐静脉血瘦素水平。数据用SPSS16.0统计软件分析。结果（1）15例轻度ICP组、15例重度ICP组与正常组的脐血瘦素水平,三组比较无明显差异（P〉0.05）。正常组脐血瘦素水平与新生儿体重呈明显正相关（r=0.678、P=0.015）,但ICP组无相关性（P〉0.05）。（2）ICP早产组17例、足月产组13例,ICP足月产组脐血瘦素水平较其早产组、正常组增高,差异有显著性（P〈0.05）。ICP早产组与正常组比较无显著差异（P〉0.05）。正常组、ICP组的脐血瘦素水平与各不同孕周无相关性（P〉0.05）。（3）ICP合并羊水污染组13例、无羊水污染组17例,两组脐血瘦素水平比较无明显差异（P〉0.05）。Apgar评分差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。结论ICP患者脐血瘦素水平增高是机体适应缺氧以满足胎儿宫内生长需求而发生的一种代偿性反应,对胎儿有促进作用,可能是胎儿安全的信号,一旦失代偿导致胎儿生长受限。     

妊娠期糖尿病与孕妇血清C-反应蛋白水平相关性研究

目的：探究妊娠期糖尿病与孕妇血清C-反应蛋白水平相关性。方法：选取2014年4月至2015年11月于我院接受孕检的孕妇190例,其中糖尿病孕妇97例,作为本研究实验组;另外93例健康状况良好,作为对照组。记录并比较两组孕妇年龄、平均孕周、孕前体重指数(BMI);检查并比较其血清C-反应蛋白(CRP)水平、胰岛素抵抗指数、空腹血糖水平、空腹胰岛素水平、孕期体重增长,并对CRP的相关影响因素进行Pearson相关分析以及多元线性回归分析。结果：对照组孕妇平均年龄为(29.13±2.18)岁,平均孕周为(25.36±3.23)周,孕前BMI为(20.27±1.72) kg/m2;实验组孕妇平均年龄为(28.24±1.97)岁,平均孕周(26.13±2.79)周,孕前BMI为(20.32±1.68) kg/m2,对比结果无统计学差异(P>0.05);对照组空腹血糖含量为(4.62±0.54) mmol/L,实验组为(5.21±0.81) mmol/L,对比结果无统计学意义(P>0.05);对照组空腹胰岛素水平为(8.93±1.76) mmol/L,实验组为(11.71±4.83) mmol/L,对比结果具有统计学意义(P<0.05);对照组孕妇血清CRP含量为(2.17±0.76) mg/L,胰岛素抵抗指数为1.76±0.69,孕期体重增长(13.47±2.01) kg,实验组为孕妇血清CRP含量为(4.12±0.73) mg/L,胰岛素抵抗指数为2.57±2.18,孕期体重增长(17.13±5.79) kg,对比结果具有统计学意义(P<0.05);Pearson分析显示血清CRP水平与胰岛素抵抗指数、孕期体重增长、孕前体重指数、空腹血糖呈正相关关系,其系数分别为0.369、0.319、0.289、0.268,均具有统计学意义(P<0.05),对CRP的多元线性回归分析,其方程为y(CRP)=0.319X1+0.09X2+0.239X3?3.879,r2=0.259(X1：胰岛素抵抗指数,X2：孕期体重增长,X3：孕前体重指数)。结论：对于妊娠期妇女,血清C-反应蛋白水平超标是引起糖尿病的重要因素之一,但独立影响尚不能被证实,建议临床上在孕期定期检查孕妇血清C-反应蛋白水平,有利于妊娠期糖尿病的有效防治。     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

A comparative study of the effects of dimebon,obsidan, finoptin,and cordaron on the functional state of ischemic focus and size of necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction

Dimebon, an antihistamine agent, exerts a moderate antianginal effect, improving the function of ischemic focus in the myocardium and decreasing the necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction. Dimebon is less active than obsidan, finoptin (except for the size of the necrotic zone), and cordaron. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 12, pp. 642–644, December, 1996     

Effects of sex steroid hormones on lipid peroxidation and glutathione antioxidant system in rat skin

Effects of estradiol and testosterone on the intensity of lipid peroxidation and contents of glutathione redox system components in the dermis and epidermis of rat skin were studied. Only estradiol induced considerable dose-dependent and tissue-specific biphasic antioxidant effects on the skin. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 12, pp. 663–666, December, 1999     

Adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells on surface-modified PEEK substrata

A series of surface-functionalized poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) films has been prepared by selective wet-chemistry; they are hydroxylated polymer (PEEK-OH) obtained by reduction, aminated polymer (PEEK-[]-NH2) prepared by coupling a diisocyanate reagent to PEEKOH (PEEK-[]-NCO) followed by hydrolysis, and carboxylated and aminocarboxylated polymers (PEEK-[]-GABA and PEEK-Lysine) resulting from the coupling of aminoacids to PEEK-[]-NCO. The aminated and carboxylated substrata promoted the adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells in the presence of serum. Fibronectin (FN), an extra-cellular matrix protein, has been covalently fixed and/or adsorbed on various PEEK substrata, in the presence or not of a polymeric surfactant (Pluronic F68). The performances of the FN-grafted substrata (PEEK-[]-FN(1) and PEEK-[]-FN(2)) were significantly higher than those of reference substrata simply coated with FN (PEEK-OH(+FN)(1) and (2), PEEK-[]-NH2(+FN)(1) and (2)), considering the adhesion and spreading of CaCo2 cells in the absence of serum. Moreover, the stability of the adherent cells on the FN-adsorbed substrata dramatically depended on the experimental conditions applied during the PEEK coating with FN.