直接冠状动脉支架置入的疗效观察

目的观察直接冠状动脉支架置入术的可行性和安全性。方法选择80例冠心病患者不作冠状动脉预扩张直接行支架置入,分析疗效和成功率。结果80例患者中有90处病变(置入支架),不预扩张成功置入85个支架,成功率为94％,有3处(3％)病变支架不能通过,经预扩张后再次成功置入,1个(1％)支架脱载。无其他并发症发生。结论在选择的冠心病患者中,不做预扩张直接冠状动脉支架置入是安全可行的。     

冠心病性别特点和冠状动脉支架术后随访

目的 研究女性冠心病的临床特点和冠状动脉支架术后的长期随访结果.方法 对比分析52例女性与215例男性冠心病的临床特点、冠状动脉造影所见和冠状动脉支架术后长期随访结果.结果 女组年龄（64±6）岁高于男组（58±9）岁;女组收缩压（164±26）mm Hg高于男组（144±27）mm Hg;女组总胆固醇（5.1±0.5）mmol/L高于男组（4.6±1.0）mmol/L;女组心胸比0.52±0.08高于男组0.49±0.08;女组高血压病史82.7%高于男组49.3%;女组伴有非心血管病比例78.8%高于男组41.4%;女组有心肌梗死病史的比例11.5%低于男组31.2%;女组有吸烟史的比例1.9%低于男组65.1%.以上组间差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.在随访期内,两组在术后死亡、主要心血管不良事件、生活质量方面差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 女性冠心病病人的年龄较大,并存疾病较多,冠状动脉支架术后的随访结果表明疗效满意.     

直接支架植入术与传统支架植入术治疗冠心病的对比研究

目的探讨直接支架植入术治疗冠心病患者的安全性、成功率和治疗效果。方法经冠状动脉造影,诊断明确,病变特征符合A型和B1型病变的冠心病患者165例,随机分为传统支架植入组(传统组)82例和直接支架植入组(直接组)83例,比较两组间手术成功率及并发症,心绞痛缓解率;支架置入时间;X线照射时间及造影剂用量。结果两组患者支架植入成功率及术后心绞痛缓解率均为100%;传统组与直接组并发症发生率均为2.4%。支架置入时间直接组(14.3±7.6)min,传统组(20.5±5.3)min,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);X线照射时间直接组(4.9±3.5)min,传统组(7.6±2.9)min,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);造影剂用量直接组(90±39)ml,传统组为(102±46)ml,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论直接支架植入术安全性、成功率和治疗效果与传统支架植入术一致,而且在支架植入时间、X线照射时间和造影剂用量明显低于传统支架植入术,值得临床推广应用。     

Feasibility and safety of day-case transfemoral coronary stenting.

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is usually followed by overnight observation. In order to increase activity from a limited bed base, we planned to discharge a cohort of patients undergoing uncomplicated PCI procedures on the same day. Seventy patients considered suitable for same-day discharge underwent PCI procedures and a 100% stent rate was planned with device closure of the arterial access site. Procedural success was achieved in 68 (97%) of patients and 51 (73%) were discharged as day cases. None re-presented or had clinical complications within 24 hr. Nineteen (27%) were kept in hospital electively for observation. No preprocedural clinical or angiographic characteristics predicted successful or failed day-case discharge. In selected patients who undergo uncomplicated PCI with stenting and device arterial closure, same-day discharge appears safe and achievable in about three-quarters of cases.     

预扩张支架术和直接支架术治疗老年冠心病患者比较观察

目的 比较采用充分预扩张支架术、有限预扩张支架术和直接支架术治疗老年冠心病患者的优缺点及远期疗效。方法 选择具有如下特点的病例进入观察:①临床诊断不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)或非ST段抬高性心肌梗死(NSTEMI)。②年龄≥65岁。③无糖尿病史。④冠状动脉(冠脉)病变狭窄程度≥75％但≤95％,长度≤30mm,参考直径≥3.0mm,成角≤45°。⑤透视下病变钙化程度中度以下。对人选病例的病变随机分为3组:①充分预扩张支架组,采用与病变参考血管直径1:1的球囊充分预扩张后置入支架。②有限预扩张支架组,采用比病变参考血管直径小30％左右的球囊作有限预扩张后置入支架。③直接支架组,不经过预扩张直接置入支架。全组病例术后常规服用噻氯匹定4周,联合应用β-阻滞剂、钙拮抗剂、血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂和他汀类降脂药物。每半年随访症状和心电图,对有胸痛症状和缺血检查结果者复查冠脉造影。结果 共入选198例患者(263个病变),男/女为122/76,年龄(72±11)岁。3组病变分组情况及介入治疗结果:①充分预扩张支架组,87个病变(63例),支架全部放置成功,支架直径(3.3±0.7)mm,长度(2.68±0.7)mm,预扩张后33个病变(37.9％)出现夹层,其中11个(33.3％)需采用长支架或补放支架处理。②有限预扩张支架组88个病变(69例),支架全部放     

Nonrandomized comparison of coronary stenting under intravascular ultrasound guidance of direct stenting without predilation versus conventional predilation with a semi-compliant balloon versus predilation with a new scoring balloon

This study was conducted to determine the influence of lesion preparation using the AngioSculpt balloon on final stent expansion. Stent expansion remains an important predictor of restenosis and subacute thrombosis, even in the drug-eluting stent (DES) era. In these patients, the role of different predilation strategies has yet to be established. Two hundred ninety-nine consecutive de novo lesions treated with 1 >2.5-mm DES (Cypher or Taxus) under intravascular ultrasound guidance without postdilation, using 3 implantation strategies, were studied: (1) direct stenting without predilation (n = 145), (2) predilation with a conventional semi-compliant balloon (n = 117), and (3) predilation with the AngioSculpt balloon (n = 37). Stent expansion was defined as the ratio of intravascular ultrasound-measured minimum stent diameter and minimum stent area to the manufacturer's predicted stent diameter and area. These ratios were larger after AngioSculpt predilation, and a greater percentage of stents had final minimum stent areas >5.0 mm(2) (another commonly accepted criterion of adequate DES expansion). Lesion morphology, stent and lesion length, and reference vessel size did not affect DES expansion. In conclusion, in this observational, nonrandomized study, pretreatment with the AngioSculpt balloon enhanced stent expansion and minimized the difference between predicted and achieved stent dimensions.     

Efficacy and safety of individually tailored antiplatelet therapy in patients with acute coronary syndrome after coronary stenting: a single center, randomized, feasibility study

Background Low responsiveness to clopidogrel (LRC) is associated with increased risk of ischemic events. This study was aimed to explore the feasibility of tailored antiplatelet therapy according to the responsiveness to clopidogrel. Methods A total of 305 clopidogrel naive patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) undergoing coronary stenting were randomly assigned to receive standard (n = 151) or tailored (n = 154) antiplatelet therapy. The ADP-induced platelet aggregation tests by light transmission aggregometry were performed to identify LRC patients assigned to the tailored group. The standard antiplatelet regimen was dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel. The tailored antiplatelet therapy was standard regimen for non-LRC patients and an additional 6-month cilostazol treatment for LRC patients. The primary efficacy outcome was the composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction or stroke at one year. Results LCR was present in 26.6% (41/154) of patients in the tailored group. The percentage platelet aggregation for LCR patients was significantly decreased at three days after adjunctive cilostazol treatment (77.5% ± 12.1% vs. 64.5% ± 12.1%, P < 0.001). At one year follow-up, a non-significant 37% relative risk reduction of primary events were observed in the tailored group as compared to the standard group (5.8% vs. 9.3%, P = 0.257). There were no differences in the rates of stent thrombosis and hemorrhagic events between the two groups. Conclusions Tailored antiplatelet therapy for ACS patients after coronary stenting according to responsiveness to clopidogrel is feasible. However, its efficacy and safety need further confirmation by clinical trials with larger sample sizes.     

Direct coronary stenting without predilatation: A new therapeutic approach with a special balloon catheter design

Coronary stenting is the primary therapeutic option for many coronary lesions, after the risk of subacute stent thrombosis and bleeding complications has been reduced by antithrombotic regimens and improved stent expansion. It would be desirable to shorten the procedure and the duration of ischemia, and to reduce the risk of ischemic complications during balloon inflation by implanting the stent without previous dilatation of the lesion. This is not possible with the presently available stent delivery systems. This new therapeutic concept was tested with a specially designed balloon catheter, on which slotted-tube stents can be fixed between two conical radiopaque markers. Sixty-one patients elegible for angioplasty underwent direct stent implantation without predilatation. Four procedures were performed for acute myocardial infarction, and two as high-risk PTCA. Single slotted-tube stents (Palmaz-Schatz, NIR, or JOStent) of 14–16-mm length were mounted between the conical radiopaque markers of a special balloon which provided a fixation for the crimped stent. The direct implantation was successful in 80% of all patients, while in 10% the stent could be deployed after predilatation of the lesion. In 10% of lesions a stent could not be implanted with this and any other delivery system. When patients with successful direct stenting were compared with those with indirect (after predilatation) or unsuccessful stent deployment, the presence of angiographically visible calcification was higher in the unsuccessful cases (75% vs. 19%; P < 0.01), and the patients were older (72 ± 8 vs. 61 ± 12 years; P < 0.01). Radiation exposure time was only 8.7 ± 5.1 min as compared with 12.6 ± 7.6 min in conventional stent procedures with predilatation (P < 0.05). The number of balloons used per lesion was also lower than with conventional stenting. Stent dislocation was observed in 5%, and no embolization occurred. The new therapeutic approach of direct stenting without predilatation proved to be a safe and successful procedure in this initial series of coronary angioplasties. When calcified coronary lesions are avoided, it provides a way to rationalize stent implantation with shorter radiation exposure times, fewer balloons, and the potential advantage of fewer ischemic complications as no balloon predilatation is required. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Diagn. 43:245–252, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

直接支架术治疗左冠状动脉主干病变(附三例报告)

目的评估直接支架术治疗左冠状动脉主干病变的可行性及其术后即刻与远期疗效。方法选择性对３例左主干病变患者进行不预扩左主干的支架直接置入术,其中２例置入ＭｕｌｔｉＬｉｎｋ支架,一例置入ＢｅＳｔｅｎｔ支架。每例均采用高压（１６至２２个大气压）扩张１至２次,持续时间１０至２０秒。结果３例左主干病变直接支架置入术均获成功,术中未发生并发症,术后临床随访６、７及１２个月均无心绞痛症状复发。结论选择性左主干病变直接置入支架术安全、有效、可行。该方法对左主干病变治疗较其他部位及方法可能更为有利,但此需得到大组病例及随机对比试验证实。     

急诊冠状动脉内支架置入治疗不稳定性心绞痛

目的　探讨在不稳定性心绞痛病人症状未缓解状态下行急诊冠状动脉内支架置入的疗效及安全性。方法　对53例不稳定性心绞痛病人在心绞痛反复发作时即行冠状动脉造影,明确病变后行冠状动脉支架置入术。结果　53处病变置入56个支架,术中无严重并发症,34例心绞痛消失;9例有不典型胸痛,症状在1～2天内消失,无急诊冠状动脉搭桥及死亡。随访3个月～3年,6例冠脉造影证实再狭窄,5例行再次PTCA术后症状消失,1例行PTCA后仍有症状行冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG),无死亡病例。结论　冠状动脉内支架置入治疗急性冠状动脉综合征近期及远期效果较好,治疗成功率及安全性较高。     

Direct coronary stenting without balloon predilation of lesions requiring long stents: immediate and 6-month results of a multicenter prospective registry.

To assess the outcomes of direct coronary stenting (DS) using long stents and examine predictive factors of DS failure, this prospective multicenter registry included 128 consecutive patients who underwent the implantation of stents >or= 18 mm in length without balloon predilation for de novo coronary artery stenoses. Mean lesion and stent lengths were 20.7 +/- 5.4 and 21.4 +/- 3.8 mm, respectively. Rates of DS success, lesion success, and primary success were 82%, 99%, and 97.7%, respectively. At 6 months, rates of MACE and TVR were 12.5% and 6.3%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, factors predictive of DS failure vs. DS success were presence of calcifications (78% vs. 45%; P = 0.004) and reference vessel diameter (2.77 +/- 0.4 vs. 3.13 +/- 0.42 mm; P = 0.0002). DS of complex lesions with stents >or= 18 mm in length was performed safely and with a high success rate. This strategy was less successful in the treatment of small vessels and in presence of calcifications.     

Feasibility and safety of transbrachial approach for patients with severe carotid artery stenosis undergoing stenting.

Although sporadic successful cases using the transradial approach (TRA) for carotid stenting have been reported, the safety and feasibility of carotid stenting using either TRA or a transbrachial approach (TBA) have not been fully investigated. Recently, we have developed a safe and feasible method of TRA for cerebrovascular angiographic studies. This study investigated whether a TBA approach using a 7-French (F) Kimny guiding catheter for carotid stenting is safe and feasible for patients with severe carotid stenosis. Thirteen patients were enrolled into this study (age range, 63-78 years). Seven of these 13 patients had severe peripheral vascular disease. A retrograde-engagement technique, involving looping 6-F Kimny guiding catheter, was utilized for carotid angiographic study. For carotid stenting, the 6-F Kimny guiding catheter was replaced with a 7-F Kimny guiding catheter, and the procedure was performed as the follows. First, an extra-support wire was inserted into the middle portion of external carotid artery (ECA). Second, a 0.035-inch Teflon wire was advanced into the common carotid artery. Then, the 6-F guiding catheter was exchanged for a 7-F Kimny guiding catheter. Third, if the first and second steps did not provide adequate support for exchanging the guiding catheter, a PercuSurge GuardWire was inserted into the ECA, followed by distal balloon inflation for an anchoring support. FilterWire EX was used in 9 patients and PercuSurge GuardWire in 4 patients to protect from distal embolization during the procedure. The procedure was successful in all patients. No neurological or vascular bleeding complications were observed and all patients were discharged uneventfully. The TBA for carotid stenting was safe and effective, providing a last resort for patients unsuited to femoral arterial access and surgical intervention.     

直接支架置入与预扩张后支架置入处理急性心肌梗死相关病变的对比研究

目的　探讨直接支架置入术处理急性心肌梗死相关病变 (IRL)的安全性、可行性 ,以及扩张压对无复流 慢血流发生率的影响。方法　发病 4 8h内行介入治疗的首次急性心肌梗死患者 ,在导丝通过后IRL开通 ,弥漫性或巨大血栓形成、明显钙化、长度≥ 2 0mm的病变除外。比较球囊预扩张组 (A组 )、直接支架组 (B组 )的成功率和严重并发症发生率。比较最大扩张压≤ 12 16kPa(12atm ,1atm =10 1 32 5kPa) ,与 >12 16kPa患者支架置入后即刻无复流 慢血流的发生率。结果　A组 35例 ,B组 4 2例 ,A、B组的成功率分别为 10 0 %和 95 % ,B组 2例 (5 % )因IRL成角 ,支架无法直接通过 ,球囊预扩张后均成功置入原支架。两组无 1例发生介入治疗相关的严重心脏事件 (死亡、再梗死、急诊冠状动脉旁路移植术 )。最大扩张压≤ 12 16kPa和 >12 16kPa患者支架置入后即刻无复流 慢血流的发生率分别为 7%和 32 % (P <0 0 5 )。结论　直接置入支架术处理IRL ,安全可行 ,成功率高 ;高压扩张置入支架后即刻无复流 慢血流发生率高。     

冠心病伴左室功能不全患者冠脉支架术后疗效观察

目的我们回顾性总结一组冠心病伴左室功能不全患者(LVEF≤40%),冠脉置入支架后,观察左室功能改善情况.方法冠心病患者,1周内急性心肌梗塞或左主干病变或有心源性休克者除外,所有病人择期住入心脏病房.术前经超声心动检查测定LVEF≤40%者入选.结果 46名不稳定型心绞痛患者,男33名,平均年龄66±12岁,术前1周以上有近期心肌梗塞患者占15%,有陈旧性心肌梗塞(>3个月)者占37%,术前65%患者曾有充血性心力衰竭的发生,糖尿病者占28%.冠脉造影示单支病变者占2%,双支病变13%,三支病变85%.术前基础的LVEF为27.1±9.2%,LAD病变18%,LCX 13%,RCA 28%,大隐静脉旁路占42%.术中所有患者接受肝素维持ACT≥300秒.术后Aspirin 325 mgOD Ticlid 500 mg/日持续一个月,高压下置入冠状动脉支架(平均压15.7±3.6 atm).术中20%病人辅以IABP.手术成功定义为(置入支架后<30%残余狭窄,无住院期死亡,无CABG、QMI、急或亚急性支架内血栓形成)结果临床成功为98%的患者(n=45)血管直径狭窄由92±13.5%降为1.5±6.8%(P<0.0001).2例患者支架术后30内死于AMI.其他43名患者随访6～27个月(平均15个月).按Canadian Cardiovascula Society定义的心绞痛4级(CCSA)心绞痛改善≥1级者定义为临床改善.该43名患者心绞痛由3.52±0.66级改善至2.29±1.2级(P<0.0001).15名患者持续无心绞痛发作,LVEF由27.0±9.4%上升至34.8±15.3%(P=0.02).在随访中,4名患者因再狭窄接受PTCA,1名患者CABG,另一名接受心脏移植,4名患者死于心力衰竭,一年存活率为91%.结论冠心病伴左室功能不全患者冠状动脉内置入支架后平均观察一年临床症状及心功能在绝大多数患者得到改善和提高.     

Direct coronary stenting versus stenting with balloon pre-dilation: immediate and follow-up results of a multicentre, prospective, randomized study. The DISCO trial. DIrect Stenting of COronary Arteries.

AIMS: To assess the safety of direct coronary stenting, its influence on costs, duration of the procedure, radiation exposure, clinical outcome and angiographic restenosis. METHODS AND RESULTS: We randomized 416 patients (446 lesions) to direct stent implant or stent implant following balloon pre-dilation. Patients >75 years old, heavily calcified lesions, bifurcations, total occlusions, left main lesions and very tortuous vessels were excluded. Direct stenting was successful in 217/224 lesions (96.8%). No single loss or embolization of the stent occurred. All stents in the group with pre-dilation were effectively deployed. The immediate post-procedure angiographic results were similar with both techniques. Fluoroscopy and procedural time were significantly lower in direct stenting (6.4+/-0.3 and 21+/-0.9 min) than in pre-dilated stenting (9.1+/-0.4 and 27.5+/-1.1 min) (P>0.001). Major adverse cardiac events during hospitalization were one in direct and four in pre-dilated stenting (P=0.05) but there were no significant differences at follow-ups at 1, 6 and 12 months between the two groups. Angiographic reevaluation at 6 months was performed in 94% of the cases. Restenosis rate was 16.5% in direct stenting and 14.3% in pre-dilated stenting (P=ns). CONCLUSIONS: Direct stenting is as safe as pre-dilated stenting in selected coronary lesions. Acute angiographic results are similar but procedural costs, duration of the procedure and radiation exposure are lower in direct stenting. Overall success rate, mid-term clinical outcome and restenosis are similar with both techniques.     

冠状动脉支架置入术肌钙蛋白I的释放及相关临床因素

目的近年来研究表明心肌损伤检测生化标志物中肌钙蛋白 I(c Tn I)有较好的敏感性和特异性。本研究旨在探讨冠状动脉支架置入术 c Tn I的释放及相关临床因素。方法　 6 1例进行冠状动脉支架置入术的冠心病患者分别于术前、术后即刻、12小时、2 4小时检测磷酸肌酸激酶 (CK)、CK- MB、c Tn I,并采集临床、冠状动脉病变特征、手术过程、并发症等相关因素 ,并与 35例仅作冠状动脉造影的患者相比较。 CK>2 0 0 u/ l,CKMB>5 .6 ng/ m l,c Tn I>1.5 ng/ ml为心肌损伤临界值。结果　所有患者术前 c Tn I、CK、CK- MB均在正常范围。除 1例患者外其余患者均成功进行了支架置入术 ,无急诊冠状动脉搭桥术或死亡。术后 1例患者 CK升高 ,心电图证实为 Q波心肌梗死 ,其余患者 CK均在正常范围。成功进行支架置入术的 6 0例患者中术后 c Tn I及 CK- MB均升高 18例 ,c Tn I升高而 CK- MB正常 19例 ,CK- MB升高而 c Tn I正常 1例 ,CK- MB及 c Tn I均正常 2 2例。术后 c Tn I升高组同 c Tn I正常组比较 ,冠状动脉病变特征无显著性差异 ,术前冠状动脉内血栓形成及术中夹层、远端栓塞、急性闭塞并发症在 c Tn I升高组发生率相对较高 ,但无显著性差异。c Tn I及 CK - MB均升高组的术后 c Tn I、CK- MB水平较 c Tn I升高、CK- MB?     

Inflammatory markers and coronary interventions: a potentially useful follow-up modality after stenting.

Periprocedural levels of various inflammatory markers have been correlated with prognosis in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions. However, long-term variations of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) or C-reactive protein (CRP) during follow-up after coronary interventions were not previously investigated. The aim of our study was to perform serial evaluations of these markers before and after coronary stenting and to correlate them with clinical status. Plasma levels of IL-1Ra and CRP were measured at baseline and 3 and 6 months after the procedure in 31 patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease undergoing stent implantation, who had no evidence of myocardial ischemia at 6-month follow-up. While at 3 months there were no significant variations of baseline values, 6 months after the procedure a significant decrease from baseline was observed both in IL-1Ra and CRP levels (median -24 pg/ml, P = 0.048, and -0.13 mg/dl, P = 0.017, respectively). Six-month reduction in both IL-1Ra and CRP levels was significant in patients with unstable angina (n = 18; IL-1Ra: from 175 to 119 pg/ml, P = 0.001; CRP: from 0.52 to 0.18 mg/dl, P = 0.002) and nonsignificant in those with stable angina (n = 13) on admission (IL-1Ra: from 123 to 158 pg/ml, P = 0.22; CRP: from 0.19 to 0.10 mg/dl, P = 0.44). In conclusion, a significant reduction of IL-1Ra and CRP levels is observed 6 months after stent implantation in patients with preprocedural unstable angina who remain free of ischemia. This decrease suggests a stabilization of the inflammatory process and may be associated with a favorable prognosis after coronary interventions.     

尼可地尔对冠状动脉造影或支架患者造影剂肾病预防作用的Meta分析

目的 造影剂肾病是应用造影剂后引起的急性肾功能损伤,尼可地尔预处理能否在肾功能不全患者产生保护效应还不是很确定,系统评价尼可地尔预处理能否对冠状动脉(冠脉)造影或冠脉支架植入术后减少造影剂肾病的发病率.方法 计算机检索PubMed、EMbase、The Cochrane Library(2020年6期)、WanFang...