地高辛标记探针原位杂交检测肝内HDV RNA

本研究采用随机引物法用地高辛标记ＨＤＶ　ｃＤＮＡ全基因片段作为探针，通过原位杂交方法检测了５８例慢性乙型肝炎患者的肝组织石蜡切片中的ＨＤＶ　ＲＮＡ，发现ＨＤＶ　ＲＮＡ阳性者９例，检出率为１５．５％。ＨＤＶ　ＲＮＡ阳性物质在肝细胞内的分布方式有胞浆型、核膜型、核仁型、核膜核仁型和全核型等。ＨＤＶ　ＲＮＡ阳性肝细胞在显微镜下多数正常或只显示轻微病变。本文结果提示ＨＤＶ的致病性并非由于ＨＤＶ的直接细胞毒作用，而是宿主细胞和病毒共同作用结果，但其确切生物学意义还有待进一步探索。     

地高辛配基人乳头瘤病毒DNA探针的制备和应用

采用非同位素标记物地高辛配基（Ｄｉｇｏｘｉｇｅｎｉｎ），通过随机引物法制成地高辛配基人乳头瘤病毒ＤＮＡ（Ｄｉｇ－ＨＰＶＤＮＡ）探针。用斑点杂交法检测宫颈组织中的ＨＰＶＤＮＡ。经试验证明，该探针检测ＨＰＶＤＮＡ的灵敏度与（３２）Ｐ－ＨＰＶＤＮＡ探针相近。经与（３２）Ｐ－ＨＰＶＤＮＡ探针同时对６５份临床标本进行比较，结果附合率达９５％以上。３５份宫颈癌组织中ＨＰＶ１６／１８型检出率为３４．２９％。Ｄｉｇ标记的探针检测ＨＰＶＤＮＡ特异性高，重复性好，背景显色低。     

地高辛标记HBV DNA探针原位分子杂交技术

地高辛标记ＨＢＶＤＮＡ探针原位分子杂交技术马学玲，杜卫东，阎惠平，张月娥自１９７１年Ｃｏｍｂｅｓ首次报道乙型肝炎病毒相关性肾炎（ＨＢＶＧＮ）以来［１］，人们利用各种方法对ＨＢＶＤＮＡ及其相关蛋白在肾小球肾炎发病过程中的作用进行了不断研究。近年有人推测...     

荧光定量聚合酶链反应检测乙型肝炎病毒DNA

目的 建立检测HBV病毒DNA的荧光定量PCR法（FQ-PCR）,并与运用常规凝胶电泳技术观察特异扩增带检测的结果加以比较。方法 合成扩增HBV DNA314bp特异保守序列的1对引物及1条带2个荧光基团的寡核苷酸探针。用PE-5700型定量PCR仪完成PCR反应及产物的荧光定量检测。同是PCR产物经琼脂糖凝胶电泳,EB染色,UVP（凝胶成像仪）检出有314bp带者为阳性或弱阳性。结果 建立了检测HBVDNA的荧光定量PCR技术,用已知HBV阳性模板不同拷贝数的标准溶液测得标准曲线Ct,原始拷贝数在10^5/ml以上者为阳性,用定量及定性PCR2种方法检测698例血清标本的结果表明：用FQ-PCR技术共检测出204例为阳性,阳性率29.2%;用定量及定性PCR2种方法检测698例血清标本的结果表明：用FQ-PCR技术共检测出204例为阳性,阳性率29.2%;用定性PCR观察到193例有阳性特异带,阳性检出率为27.65%。没有发现用定性PCR检测为阳性而用FQ-PCR检测为阴性者。结论 FQ-PCR检测HBVDNA较普通定性PCR技术具有操作简便,灵敏度更高、减少发生污染可导致假阳性结果的可能性及自动化程度高等优点,值得在临床检验中推广应用。     

从银屑病皮损处鳞屑和组织中检出乙型肝炎病毒成份

应用免疫学及核酸杂交技术和VECTOR、ENZO两公司生产之试剂,从银屑病皮损处鳞屑和组织中检出了乙型肝炎病毒成份。鳞屑中HBsAg和HBV-DNA阳性例数为74/288,占25.6％;组织中HBsAg、HBeAg、HBeAg和HBV-DNA阳性例数为15/75,占20％;有6例在组织中存在两种以上成份。上述成份分布在表皮各层和真皮中,血清HBV感染标志检测结果表明,鳞屑和组织中检出的HBV成份,不是全身感染所致,而是局部存在的。本文首次提出具体病毒和确切定位,并认为乙型肝炎病毒在银屑病发病中可能起主要作用或者是部分病人的发病原因。     

Genetic Polymorphisms of LMP/TAP Gene and Hepatitis B Virus Infection Risk in the Chinese Population

Despite the availability of effective vaccines, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is still commonly seen worldwide. Several reports show that the human major histocompatability complex (MHC) systems were involved in the elimination of HBV via the restrictive antigen-processing pathway. We investigate whether LMP/TAP gene polymorphisms coded by MHC-II region were associated with HBV infection. A total of seven polymorphisms of LMP/TAP gene were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assays. Three hundred fifty-six patients and 326 unrelated healthy volunteers were included in the case-control study. Of the seven polymorphisms, three of which (LMP7 codons 145, TAP1 codons 637, and TAP2 codons 651) were observed to have statistically significant association with HBV infection (P < 0.05). We analyzed the three-locus haplotype constructed with three such polymorphisms and found that the frequency of haplotypes D and E increased significantly in patients, in comparison with that in controls (OR = 3.57, 95% CI: 2.09–6.12, P < 0.001; OR = 2.74, 95% CI: 1.35–5.56, P = 0.005, respectively). The results imply that LMP7-145, TAP1-637, and TAP2-651 sites were associated with the risk of HBV infection. Haplotypes D and E might be involved in the development of HBV infection. These data suggest a potential role of LMP/TAP gene as a candidate gene for susceptibility to HBV infection.     

Antibodies against Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B Virus in Intravenous Immunoglobulin Products

The worldwide seroprevalence of hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) has changed over the last two decades, indicating a declining incidence of HAV and HBV infections. Therefore, vaccinations against HAV and HBV are recommended for unimmunized people before traveling to an endemic area. Unfortunately, primary antibody deficiency (PAD) patients can only obtain humoral immunity through intravenous immunoglobulin G (IVIG) replacement and not from vaccination because of a defect in antibody production. However, few studies have analyzed the titers of antibodies against HAV or HBV in IVIG products. In this study, the titers of anti-HAV and anti-HBs antibodies were measured in nineteen lots of IVIG products from five manufacturers from three countries (A, B from Korea; C, D from Japan; and E from the USA), and trough titers in plasma were estimated. Concentrations of anti-HAV antibody ranged from 1,888–8,927 mIU/mL and estimated trough titers exceeded the minimal protective value in all evaluated IVIG products. Concentrations of anti-HBs antibody ranged from 438–965 mIU/mL in products A and B and were 157, 123, and 1,945 mIU/mL in products C, D, and E, respectively. Estimated trough titers in products A, B, and E exceeded the minimal protective value but those in products C and D did not reach this threshold. These data demonstrated that available IVIG products generally provide sufficient antibodies against HAV and HBV to protect patients with PAD, although the trough concentrations of anti-HBs antibody in two IVIG products did not reach the minimum protective value.     

乙型肝炎病毒基因分型检测试剂临床研究要求探讨

结合体外诊断试剂相关法规和此类试剂临床用途,分析其临床研究的主要要求.对该类试剂的伦理要求、临床试验方案、临床研究单位的选择、临床对象的选择、对比方法的选择、统计学分析、临床试验总结报告撰写等方面进行了详细解析.阐述乙型肝炎病毒基因分型检测类体外诊断试剂的临床研究要点.为从事上市前临床研究的行业人员提供参考.     

HBV基因分型检测试剂性能评估研究要点

依据《体外诊断试剂注册管理办法》和乙型肝炎病毒核酸分型试剂自身特点,提出对HBV基因分型检测试剂性能研究的特殊要求.对该类试剂的参考品和质控品研制、阳性/阴性参考品符合率、最低检测限、分析特异性、精密度、基因混合型研究、携带污染率等方面进行了详细解析.阐述了乙型肝炎病毒基因分型类体外诊断试剂的性能研究要点.为从事该类产品注册申报前性能研究的行业人员提供参考.     

Detection of Occult Hepatitis C and Hepatitis B Virus Infections from Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

Purpose: To investigate the problem of occult HCV & HBV infections in patients with persistently longstanding abnormal liver function test results of unknown etiology and to investigate occult HCV in patients with sustained virological response (SVR). Methods: The study included two groups; first group included 40 patients with persistently longstanding abnormal liver function test, in addition to 62 patients with history of hepatitis C who developed SVR. HCV RNA status was tested in serum by conventional RT-PCR and by real-time PCR in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs). HBV DNA in PBMCs was done in first group only. Results: In first group, PCR in PBMCs was positive for HCV RNA in 4 patients with elevated liver enzymes and HBV DNA was positive in PBMCs in 3 patients. In patients with SVR, 7 patients were positive for HCV RNA in PBMCs. Conclusions: Patients with long-standing abnormal results of liver-function tests with unknown etiology may have HCV RNA or HBV DNA in their PBMCs in the absence of anti-HCV antibodies, HBV markers, serum HBV DNA and serum HCV RNA.In Patients with SVR, HCV RNA in PBMCs is recommended to detect residual infection especially in those with high serum HCV RNA levels before treatment.     

高灵敏度乙肝HBV DNA检测在乙肝诊疗中的应用及临床意义

目的探讨高灵敏度乙肝HBV DNA检测在乙肝诊疗中的应用及临床意义。方法收集23例普通荧光定量PCR(常规)检测HBV DNA为阴性患者的血清,采用高灵敏度乙肝HBV DNA检测,将检测数据进行整理,与其临床实验室资料相结合,进行综合分析,归纳总结。结果23例国产乙肝荧光定量 PCR检测均为阴性患者,使用高灵敏度乙肝HBV DNA检测结果为13例阳性（最低检测限20IU/mL）,阴性10例,阳性检出率为56.52%,显然高灵敏度乙肝 HBV DNA检测的灵敏度高于常规检测方法。结论高灵敏度乙肝HBV DNA检测,其检测敏感性远高于常规检测方法,能检测到体内低水平的 HBV DNA,结合患者其他实验室资料及用药史综合分析,对乙型肝炎诊断和治疗具有重要的指导意义。     

乙型和丙型肝炎病毒感染的免疫学研究进展

世界范围内持续感染乙型肝炎病者（HBV）、丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）的患者已超过5亿。这两种病毒在病原学上有许多共同特点，但在病毒学特点上以及在慢性肝炎的免疫逃逸机制上均有着显著的差别。在早期天然免疫应答方面，HBV感染最初几周并不引起肝脏基因表达的改变，而HCV则会引起许多肝内基因表达改变。在特异性免疫应答方面，HBV和HCV感染后机体清除病毒的途径主要有特异性CTL细胞的杀伤作用、CD4^＋细胞的辅助作用、抗体的中和作用或杀伤作用。相对于HBV来说，HCV在成人更多引起慢性肝炎。     

肾小球肾炎肾组织中HBV感染的标志

为了解肾组织中ＨＢＶＤＮＡ与ＨＢＶ抗原存在的关系，探讨肾组织中ＨＢＶ抗原的来源及其与病理变化的关系，我们检测２４６例肾炎肾组织中三种ＨＢＶ抗原。发现除肾小球沉积外，肾小管常有阳性表达。肾小管ＨＢｃＡｇ阳性率达２１．５４％，高于肾小球（１０．９８％）。有１８例肾组织经Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ印迹杂交检测ＨＢＶＤＮＡ，１５例阳性者中１４例肾组织ＨＢＶ抗原同时阳性，１２例血清感染标志亦阳性。结果提示某些肾炎可能与肾组织感染ＨＢＶ相关，肾组织中出现的ＨＢＶ抗原抗体免疫复合物除来自血循环外，有肾源性──原位形成的可能。