应用噬菌体肽文库筛选mAb F3特异性结合肽

目的 应用噬菌体展示肽文库筛选可与汉坦病毒囊膜蛋白中和性单抗（mAb） F3特异性结合的配体肽。方法 以F3mAb为筛选配基，对噬菌体展示和随机12肽文加进行3轮生物亲和淘选；用夹心ELISA和竞争ELISA鉴定筛选克隆的结合特性，并进一步对阳性克隆进行序列测定和分析。结果 通过3轮生物淘选，能被抗体捕获的噬菌体克隆为21／22，ELISA测定显示，筛选到的噬菌体短肽能与F3mAb特异性结合。序列分析表明，7个阳性克隆氨基酸序列相同，均为－MHGPTKNQMWHT；同源性分析显示，该序列与HTNV／SEOV M蛋白G2区第750－759位氨基酸有较高的同源性。结论 本研究为基于表位水平的HFRSV特异性分子多肽疫苗的设计提供了重要的依据。     

麻痹性贝类毒素GTX2,3模拟表位的初步研究

目的:利用噬菌体展示随机肽库筛选可模拟麻痹性贝类毒素GTX2,3抗原表位的噬菌体,初步鉴定人工合成的GTX2,3抗原表位肽的特异性。方法:以抗麻痹性贝类毒素GTX2,3单克隆抗体(mAb)为靶分子,对噬菌体随机12肽库进行3轮免疫亲和筛选,以夹心ELISA方法鉴定噬菌体克隆,竞争ELISA鉴定阳性噬菌体克隆的特异性。对阳性克隆进行DNA测序并推导噬菌体所展示的氨基酸序列。竞争ELISA鉴定模拟GTX2,3表位的合成肽的特异性。结果:经过3轮筛选获得20株能与靶分子高亲和力结合的阳性噬菌体克隆。序列分析表明DXLXPP为保守序列(X为任意氨基酸)。竞争ELISA检测表明,麻痹性贝类毒素GTX2,3可抑制阳性噬菌体克隆phage2与抗GTX2,3mAb结合。根据阳性序列合成的短肽可以抑制phage2与抗GTX2,3mAb的结合(IC50=13μg/mL)。结论:通过噬菌体肽库筛选技术,成功地获得麻痹性贝类毒素GTX2,3的模拟表位,并初步证实以此为基础合成的短肽能够准确和特异的模拟GTX2,3的表位。     

噬菌体表达短肽模拟乙脑病毒糖蛋白的研究

为研究日本脑炎病毒 (JEV )E蛋白模拟肽 ,将抗JEVE蛋白的mAb 2H4淘筛噬菌体 15肽库。经夹心ELISA、竞争ELISA鉴定后 ,随机挑取 10个阳性克隆 ,测序并与JEVE蛋白同源比较。将阳性噬菌体免疫小鼠 ,检测血清中特异性抗体。ELISA结果显示筛选到的噬菌体能特异地与mAb 2H4结合 ,并且这种结合可被JEV天然抗原所竞争抑制。 10个阳性克隆的氨基酸序列相同 :—RQDPQWPYANSTIAR— ,同源分析得到的序列STXAR可能为mAb 2H4识别的模拟表位。阳性噬菌体表达的 15肽能够刺激小鼠产生特异性抗体。该噬菌体表达短肽模拟JEVE蛋白的部分抗原性。     

用噬菌体多肽库筛选日本血吸虫表膜抗原的模拟表位

为探索可用于诊断的模拟表膜抗原。采用纯化的兔抗表膜抗原IgG作探针 ,免疫筛选噬菌体随机十二肽库 ,经 3轮生物淘洗后 ,随机挑选 30个噬菌体克隆 ,用ELISA检测其与筛选抗体的特异性结合 ,选择两个阳性克隆进行DNA序列测定 ,并用斑点ELISA比较检测正常人和日本血吸虫病患者血清各 10份。结果显示 ,随机挑选的 30个克隆中有 9个噬菌体克隆与筛选的抗体有特异性的结合反应。DNA测序结果显示 ,两个阳性噬菌体克隆 (携带的抗原表位 )所演绎的氨基酸序列与GenBank已知的氨基酸序列无同源性。斑点ELISA结果显示两个抗原表位可被血吸虫病患者血清呈特异性识别     

应用噬菌体肽文库筛选McAb F3特异性结合肽

目的：应用噬菌体展示肽文库筛选可与抗汉坦病毒囊膜蛋白单抗F3特异性结合的配体肽。方法：采用protein-A亲和层析纯化的F3单抗为筛选配基，对噬菌体展示的随机12肽文库进行生物亲和淘洗，夹心ELISA、竞争ELISA鉴定筛选克隆的结合特性，并进一步对阳性克隆进行序列测定和分析。结果：通过3轮生物淘洗，能被抗体捕获的噬菌体克隆为91．7％（11／12）；ELISA测定显示筛选到的噬菌体短肽能与F3单抗特异性结合；序列分析表明7个阳性克隆氨基酸序列相同，均为－MHGPTKNQMWHT，同源性分析显示该序列与HTNV／SEOV M蛋白G2区第750－759位氨基酸有较高的同源性，结论：获得了具有良好结合活性的模拟表位肽，为基于表位水平的HFRSV（肾病综合征出血热病毒）特异性分子多肽疫苗的设计提供了重要依据。     

用噬菌体展示肽库技术筛选甲肝病毒抗原模拟表位

目的 用噬菌体展示肽库技术筛选甲型肝炎(甲肝)病毒抗原模拟表位,为病毒抗原决定簇定位探索可行方法.方法 用纯化的抗甲肝病毒单克隆抗体,对噬菌体展示12肽库进行3轮“吸附-洗脱-扩增”筛选,随机挑取10个克隆,用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)对噬菌体克隆进行抗原性鉴定、竞争抑制鉴定及DNA序列测定分析,推导出展示肽氨基酸序列并与甲肝病毒(HAV)代表株结构蛋白氨基酸序列比较.结果 10个噬菌体克隆ELISA检测全为阳性,9个具有一致序列,与HAVHM175株结构蛋白中和活性表位之一:VP1 157-171区具有类似序列,另一株噬菌体克隆在HAVHM175中未发现类似序列,结果表明这些展示肽可能是HAV抗原模拟表位.结论 用噬菌体展示肽库技术筛选得到了HAV模拟表位,为开展病毒模拟表位研究打下了基础.     

MUC1黏蛋白模拟表位的筛选和鉴定

目的从噬菌体表面展示的随机12肽库中筛选出MUC1抗原的模拟表位。方法通过生物淘洗,获得阳性噬菌体克隆,通过基因测序,推导氨基酸序列,同MUC1核心序列比较,选出2个模拟表位,进行抗原表位预测和竞争抑制实验。结果筛选到的两个模拟表位与MUC1单克隆抗体的亲和力均较强,能特异性抑制MUC1的抗原抗体结合,且包含有与某些MHCⅠ类分子较好结合的位点。结论从噬菌体12肽库中筛选出两个MUC1的模拟表位可以作为靶向MUC1肿瘤疫苗的候选肽。     

从噬菌体15肽库中筛选乙脑病毒糖蛋白模拟肽

目的 用抗JEVE蛋白的mAb2H4筛选噬菌体15肽库,以研究JEVE蛋白模拟肽。方法 用生物素标记的mAb2H4,对噬菌体随机15肽库进行3轮筛选,经ELISA鉴定后,随机挑战取10个阳性噬菌体克隆测序,并与JEVE蛋白进行同源性比较,结果 筛选到的噬菌体能与mAb2H4特异地结合,并且这种结合可被天然JEV抗原所抑制,10个阳性噬菌体克隆的氨基酸序列相同,均为RQD-PQWPYANSTIAR,同源分析表明,在JEVE蛋白不同区域有两个同源性较高的序列：STXAR和WXXAXST,阳性噬菌体展示肽了能与抗天然JEV抗原的鼠血清产生特异性反应。结论 筛选的该噬菌体克隆展示肽可模拟JEVE蛋白的部分抗原性。     

应用噬菌体随机肽库技术筛选SARS-CoV S蛋白模拟表位

目的筛选SARS病毒(Severe acutere spiratorysyndromeas sociated coronavirus,SARSCoV)结构蛋白S(Spike)特异性的模拟表位,为抗SARS疫苗研究提供基础。方法以抗SARS病毒S蛋白的单克隆抗体为固相筛选分子,对人工合成的噬菌体随机12肽库进行5轮“吸附洗脱扩增”的筛选,随机挑选30个克隆,经噬菌体酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法和交叉反应实验鉴定阳性克隆,再进行DNA序列分析和竞争抑制结合实验,以确定SARS病毒S蛋白的模拟表位。结果经噬菌体富集后,从随机挑选的30个克隆中得到了29个编码8种12肽的阳性克隆,8条肽与S蛋白的320～350氨基酸序列有较高同源性,确定YF、W、E和K氨基酸残基为模拟表位的骨架结构。结论用噬菌体12肽库成功筛选到了SARS病毒S蛋白的模拟表位,为基于S蛋白的肽疫苗研制提供了基础。     

利用噬菌体展示技术筛选C型副鸡嗜血杆菌抗原模拟表位

目的　确定抗C型副鸡嗜血杆菌 (HpgC)的单克隆抗体 (mAb)的抗原表位。方法　利用噬菌体展示技术 ,从随机 12肽库中进行生物淘洗 ,用ELISA进行筛选和鉴定。结果　通过 3轮吸附 洗脱 扩增的生物淘洗过程 ,获得了抗HpgmAb结合肽。通过ELISA和竞争抑制ELISA ,获得了高亲和性和特异性的结合肽 ,即Hpg的抗原表位。序列分析显示 ,结合肽恒定区的序列为WIHP。结论　利用噬菌体展示肽库筛选抗原表位技术 ,成功地获得了HpgCmAb的模拟表位 ,它可能是线性表位 ,非常有希望应用于实验性疫苗的研制     

利用噬菌体肽库筛选汉滩病毒受体结合表位的研究

目的 确定汉滩病毒（HTNV）上可与宿主细胞受体结合的一段配基表位。方法 型特异性mAb3G1,与HTNV糖蛋白G2及核蛋白（NP）具有双结合活性，且中和效价很高。以纯化的mAb 3G1作为配基，淘筛噬菌体随机12肽库，经ELISA法鉴定后，对阳性克隆进行测序并与天然病毒蛋白G2及NP的序列进行同源性比较分析。结果 经3轮筛选，噬菌体显示有良好的富集效果。从第3轮筛选产物中，随机挑取21个克隆进行ELISA结合实验。结果显示，9个克隆与mAb 3G1有较强的特异结合活性；DNA测序结果表明，具有保守性序列模式PX（1－2）HX（0－2）H。该基序分别与G2^96YPWHTAKCH Y^105及NP^81 PTGVEPGDHLKERS^94相似。结论 从噬菌体随机肽库中，筛选到能与mAb 3G1特异性结合的一段短肽基序PX（1－2）HX（0－2）H，其与HTNV G2部分氨基酸的同源性较高，可能是与宿主细胞受体结合的表位，为进一步证实和研究HTNV的受体奠定了基础。     

Klebsiella pneumoniae MrkD adhesin-mediated immunity to respiratory infection and mapping the antigenic epitope by phage display library

In this study, the K. pneumoniae MrkD adhesin was identified an immunodominant antigen which correlated with protection against infection by K. pneumoniae. The mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against MrkD adhesin were produced by the hybridoma technique using recombinant MrkD-GST as the immunogen and were immunoscreened against phage-displayed random dodecapeptide library (Ph.D.-12). After three rounds of biopanning, 36 phage clones were randomly selected and their specificity to mAb was verified by sandwich and competitive inhibition ELISA. Sixteen phage clones were sequenced and their amino acids were deduced. One mimotope (QKTLAKSTYMSA) showed good match with MrkD adhesion at 148–159 aa and the serum of mice induced by the phage clone clearly recognized MrkD adhesion.     

用噬菌体肽库筛选IBDV单克隆抗体的模拟表位

目的:筛选法氏囊病毒(IBDV)单克隆抗体所针对的模拟抗原表位。方法:以纯化的3株IBDV单克隆抗体为靶分子用噬菌体12肽库筛选相应抗原模拟表位;应用间接和竞争ELISA鉴定所筛选的阳性样品;最后对与抗体高亲和结合的噬菌体进行测序分析。结果:经过四轮淘洗,随机挑取30个克隆经间接ELISA鉴定,发现其中22个克隆结合活性较高。进一步应用竞争ELISA,获得14个噬菌体克隆,其抑制率高达50%以上。对这些噬菌体进行DNA测序,并分析比对了IBDV相应序列,确定了3个抗原模拟表位。结论:通过噬菌体随机肽库成功筛选出3个IBDV模拟表位,为进一步研究IBDV抗原性质奠定了基础。     

Affinity panning of peptide libraries using anti-streptokinase monoclonal antibodies: selection of an inhibitor of plasmin(ogen) active site

To select sequences complementary to their binding sites, two anti-streptokinase (SK) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), A4.5 and A5.5, were used in biopanning of 15-mer and hexamer phage-displayed peptide libraries, respectively. mAb A4.5 inhibits the catalytic activity of streptokinase-plasminogen activator complex (SKPAC), the binding of plasminogen to SK and the binding of human anti-SK polyclonal Abs to SK. All clones selected from the 15-mer peptide library by mAb A4.5 had identical nucleotide and amino acid sequences, RSVYRCSPFVGCWFG. An 11-mer peptide (peptide A4.5, YRCSPFVGCWF) derived from this sequence inhibited the binding of mAb A4.5 and human anti-SK polyclonal Abs to SK as well as the catalytic activity of both SKPAC and plasmin.The binding of the second mAb (mAb A5.5) to SK is lost upon interaction of SK with plasminogen, suggesting that sequences selected by this mAb are likely associated with the C-terminal cleavage site of SK. Biopanning of a hexamer peptide library with mAb A5.5 selected the sequence RYLQDY that is homologous to residues 324-328, adjacent to one possible C-terminal cleavage site in SK. A 10-mer synthetic peptide (LDFRDLYDPR) corresponding to residues 321-330 in SK specifically inhibited the binding of mAb A5.5 to SK. The selection and characterization of these two peptides enhances our understanding of SK structure, maps an antigenic epitope, and identifies a peptide inhibitor of plasminogen activation.     

Two monoclonal antibodies to precisely the same epitope of type II collagen select non-crossreactive phage clones by phage display: implications for autoimmunity and molecular mimicry

Two monoclonal antibodies (mAb) CB268 and CII-C1 to type II collagen (CII) react with precisely the same conformational epitope constituted by the residues ARGLT on the three chains of the CII triple helix. The antibodies share structural similarity, with most differences in the complementarity determining region 3 of the heavy chain (HCDR3). The fine reactivity of these mAbs was investigated by screening two nonameric phage-displayed random peptide libraries. For each mAb, there were phage clones (phagotopes) that reacted strongly by ELISA only with the selecting mAb, and inhibited binding to CII only for that mAb, not the alternate mAb. Nonetheless, a synthetic peptide RRLPFGSQM corresponding to an insert from a highly reactive CII-C1-selected phagotope, which was unreactive (and non-inhibitory) with CB268, inhibited the reactivity of CB268 with CII. Most phage-displayed peptides contained a motif in the first part of the molecule that consisted of two basic residues adjacent to at least one hydrophobic residue (e.g. RRL or LRR), but the second portion of the peptides differed for the two mAbs. We predict that conserved CDR sequences interact with the basic-basic-hydrophobic motif, whereas non-conserved amino acids in the binding sites (especially HCDR3) interact with unique peptide sequences and limit cross-reactivity. The observation that two mAbs can react identically with a single epitope on one antigen (CII), but show no cross-reactivity when tested against a second (phagotope) indicates that microorganisms could exhibit mimics capable of initiating autoimmunity without this being evident from conventional assays.     

Generation of an HFRS patient-derived neutralizing recombinant antibody to Hantaan virus G1 protein and definition of the neutralizing domain

Hantaan virus (HTNV) in the Hantavirus genus, family Bunyaviridae, is the major cause of severe hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). We prepared a combinatorial phage display library of human Fabs to HTNV from RNA extracted from the blood lymphocytes of a convalescent HFRS patient. We selected two G1 glycoprotein-specific clones and one nucleocapsid protein (N)-specific clone from the Fab library for further studies. The human Fab antibodies were converted to IgG form in baculovirus/insect cells system by using cassette vectors that we developed earlier. Characterization of the recombinant antibodies revealed that the two G1-specific IgGs, could bind to and neutralize HTNV but not Seoul virus (SEOV). The N-specific IgG did not neutralize either HTNV or SEOV. Sequence analysis revealed that the two G1-specific clones differed by only one predicted amino acid in their complementarity determining regions, CDR3. Epitope mapping studies were carried out with one of the two G1-specific clones and synthetic peptides representing portions of HTNV G1. Results indicated that the recombinant antibody recognizes the core amino acid sequence LTKTLVIGQ, which is found near the C-terminus of HTNV G1. These results are the first to define a neutralizing epitope on the G1 protein of HTNV using an antibody derived from an HFRS patient.     

Multiple alignment and sorting of peptides derived from phage-displayed random peptide libraries with polyclonal sera allows discrimination of relevant phagotopes.

Biopanning of phage-displayed random peptide libraries is a powerful technique for identifying peptides that mimic epitopes (mimotopes) for monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). However, peptides derived using polyclonal antisera may represent epitopes for a diverse range of antibodies. Hence following screening of phage libraries with polyclonal antisera, including autoimmune disease sera, a procedure is required to distinguish relevant from irrelevant phagotopes. We therefore applied the multiple sequence alignment algorithm PILEUP together with a matrix for scoring amino acid substitutions based on physicochemical properties to generate guide trees depicting relatedness of selected peptides. A random heptapeptide library was biopanned nine times using no selecting antibodies, immunoglobulin G (IgG) from sera of subjects with autoimmune diseases (primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and type 1 diabetes) and three murine ascites fluids that contained mAbs to overlapping epitope(s) on the Ross River Virus envelope protein 2. Peptides randomly sampled from the library were distributed throughout the guide tree of the total set of peptides whilst many of the peptides derived in the absence of selecting antibody aligned to a single cluster. Moreover peptides selected by different sources of IgG aligned to separate clusters, each with a different amino acid motif. These alignments were validated by testing all of the 53 phagotopes derived using IgG from PBC sera for reactivity by capture ELISA with antibodies affinity purified on the E2 subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC-E2), the major autoantigen in PBC: only those phagotopes that aligned to PBC-associated clusters were reactive. Hence the multiple sequence alignment procedure discriminates relevant from irrelevant phagotopes and thus a major difficulty with biopanning phage-displayed random peptide libraries with polyclonal antibodies is surmounted.