X线和神经刺激器双引导经卵圆孔半月神经节周围注射阿霉素治疗三叉神经痛的效果

目的 探讨X线和神经刺激器双引导经卵圆孔半月神经节周围注射阿霉素治疗三叉神经痛的效果.方法 原发性三叉神经痛患者78例,年龄29～89岁,病程6月～30年.在C型臂X线和神经刺激器双引导下经卵圆孔半月神经节周围注射0.5%阿霉素0.5 ml,于治疗前及治疗后当日、7 d、1、6、12、24月时评估疼痛缓解程度,计算有效率、优良率、完全缓解率和复发率,观察并发症的发生情况.结果 所有患者均顺利完成卵圆孔穿刺和治疗.治疗后当日、7 d、1、6、12、24月完全缓解率分别为21%、18%、51%、45%、43%、39%;优良率分别为42%、41%、68%、65%、62%、54%;有效率分别为76%、82%、92%、91%、78%、70%;治疗后6、12、24月复发率分别为3%、20%、35%.眩晕、恶心、呕吐的发生率12%,复视发生率1%,面部肿胀、血肿的发生率6%,面部感觉减退发生率22%,患侧咀嚼无力发生率5%,均可自行恢复或对症治疗后恢复.结论 X线和神经刺激器双引导下,经卵圆孔半月神经节周围注射0.5%阿霉素0.5 ml治疗三叉神经痛具有一定的的疗效,且安全性较高.     

X线和神经刺激器双引导经卵圆孔半月神经节周围注射阿霉素治疗三叉神经痛的效果

目的 探讨X线和神经刺激器双引导经卵圆孔半月神经节周围注射阿霉素治疗三叉神经痛的效果.方法 原发性三叉神经痛患者78例,年龄29～89岁,病程6月～30年.在C型臂X线和神经刺激器双引导下经卵圆孔半月神经节周围注射0.5%阿霉素0.5 ml,于治疗前及治疗后当日、7 d、1、6、12、24月时评估疼痛缓解程度,计算有效率、优良率、完全缓解率和复发率,观察并发症的发生情况.结果 所有患者均顺利完成卵圆孔穿刺和治疗.治疗后当日、7 d、1、6、12、24月完全缓解率分别为21%、18%、51%、45%、43%、39%;优良率分别为42%、41%、68%、65%、62%、54%;有效率分别为76%、82%、92%、91%、78%、70%;治疗后6、12、24月复发率分别为3%、20%、35%.眩晕、恶心、呕吐的发生率12%,复视发生率1%,面部肿胀、血肿的发生率6%,面部感觉减退发生率22%,患侧咀嚼无力发生率5%,均可自行恢复或对症治疗后恢复.结论 X线和神经刺激器双引导下,经卵圆孔半月神经节周围注射0.5%阿霉素0.5 ml治疗三叉神经痛具有一定的的疗效,且安全性较高.     

CT引导下乙醇或阿霉素半月神经节毁损术对三叉神经痛患者的效应

目的观察CT引导下经皮卵圆孔穿刺,半月神经节注射乙醇或阿霉素毁损治疗三叉神经痛的效应。方法92例原发性三叉神经痛患者,男39例,女53例,年龄37-84岁,病程1-14年,随机分为2组。治疗前CT冠状及轴位扫描卵圆孔和颅后窝,除外继发性三叉神经痛。在穿刺卵圆孔过程中CT引导穿刺的方向并确认针尖的位置,经造影确保穿刺针准确位于神经节内,A组向三叉神经半月节注射神经破坏药乙醇,B组注射阿霉素。结果治疗后12个月,两组分别有31例和36例完全无痛,13例和6例未缓解,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组均无严重并发症。结论CT引导下经皮半月神经节毁损术治疗三叉神经痛效果明显,阿霉素的疗效优于乙醇。     

C臂机引导下经皮穿刺半月神经节射频温控热凝毁损术治疗三叉神经痛

目的总结在C臂机引导下经皮穿刺卵圆孔三叉神经半月神经节热凝治疗三叉神经痛78例的穿刺方法和效果。方法选择三叉神经痛第II、III支患者78例,在C臂机引导下经前入路卵圆孔穿刺半月神经节,术中验证电极到达半月神经节后,对半月神经节行射频温控热凝毁损治疗。结果术后即刻显效,优63例(80.8%),良13例(16.7%),无效者2例(2.6%),总有效率97.4%(76/78)。无脑脊液漏等严重并发症发生。术后随访6个月~2 a,76例治疗效果优良的患者未见复发。结论在C臂机引导下经皮穿刺卵圆孔三叉神经半月神经节射频温控热凝毁损治疗三叉神经痛,成功率高、效果好,并发症少,复发率低、安全。     

神经导航下经皮选择性半月神经节内靶点射频术治疗三叉神经痛的效果

目的 评价神经导航下经皮选择性半月神经节内靶点射频术治疗三叉神经痛的效果.方法 原发性三叉神经痛患者147例,性别不限,年龄32～99岁,VAS评分＞8分.采用随机数字表法,将患者分为2组:C型臂组(C组,n =72)和神经导航组(N组,n=75).C组采用Hartel前入路穿刺法,C型臂引导下以卵圆孔为靶点进行穿刺;N组将头颅MRI影像传输至StealthStation手术导航系统进行重建,在半月神经节内确定靶点位置后设计穿刺径路和穿刺点.记录穿刺成功情况和穿刺及射频术相关不良事件发生情况.分别于术后1d、7d、1个月、6个月、12个月、24个月记录VAS评分,并根据VAS评分评价镇痛效果,术后1、24个月根据Barrow神经研究所评分系统评价治疗效果.结果 N组无一例患者发生穿刺相关不良事件及动眼神经损伤和耳鸣.与C组比较,N组首次手术穿刺成功率升高,术后不同时点镇痛有效率升高,治疗效果较好(P＜0.05),神经定位时间和面部麻木发生率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 神经导航下经皮选择性半月神经节内靶点射频术治疗三叉神经痛的治疗效果好,复发率低,穿刺成功机率高,且并发症少.     

透视下半月神经节阻滞治疗特发性三叉神经痛

目的　探讨传统法和透视下定位法半月神经节阻滞治疗特发性三叉神经痛的疗效。方法　将 6 0例原发性三叉神经痛患者随机均分为两组 :传统法阻滞组 (A组 ) ;X光透视下定位阻滞组 (B组 )。两组分别用传统前入法和C型臂透视下进行穿刺 ,当针尖进入卵圆孔后 ,回吸无血及脑脊液 ,注入 1 5 %利多卡因 0 3～ 0 5ml;15～ 2 0min后 ,检查患者痛觉消失平面无误 ,注入等量无水乙醇。结果　两组治疗效果及年内复发率无显著差异 ,而B组治疗次数和并发症的发生率较A组少(P <0 0 5 )。结论　透视定位下行半月神经节阻滞治疗特发性三叉神经痛较传统阻滞法安全 ,且选择性和成功率高     

神经导航及三维CT重建联合定位下射频热凝治疗三叉神经痛18例临床分析

目的 探讨神经导航系统及螺旋CT三维重建卵圆孔定位在三叉神经痛射频热凝治疗中的临床应用. 方法 18例三叉神经痛病人术前均行螺旋CT薄层扫描,将影像学资料输入神经导航系统,标记卵圆孔等重要结构,术中在导航实时引导下进行卵圆孔穿刺,进一步在螺旋CT三维重建下调整毁损针位置,然后行射频热凝治疗. 结果 术中卵圆孔穿刺准确率100％,术后即刻疗效优良15例,好转3例,无角膜麻痹、颅内血肿及死亡病例等严重并发症. 结论 在三叉神经痛的射频热凝治疗中,应用神经导航及螺旋CT三维重建提高了穿刺卵圆孔的精确率,减少了手术并发症.     

颌畸形患者下颌角入路卵圆孔成功穿刺半月神经节用于射频术治疗三叉神经痛1例

患者,男性,42岁,诊断为原发性三叉神经痛(右第Ⅱ、Ⅲ支).病程22年,长期口服卡马西平治疗,多次行右上颌神经和右下颌神经酒精毁损治疗,疗效不满意,病情反复发作.因反复行神经毁损治疗导致右咀嚼肌萎缩、颞下颌关节错位、张口受限等颌面部畸形.2年前病情加重入院,行C形臂X光机透视下右半月神经节射频热凝术治疗,采用Hartel前入路法穿刺未成功探及卵圆孔,治疗失败.18个月前再次入院,行CT引导下右半月神经节射频热凝术治疗,采用Hartel前入路法穿刺失败,术中CT示右翼突外侧板骨质增生,见图1,随后采用神经导航法穿刺,术前CT扫描及3D重建图像显示,由于存在颞下颌关节移位和右翼突外侧板骨质增生,无法设计可行的神经导航卵圆孔穿刺路径,遂改行右下颌神经射频热凝治疗,术后疼痛缓解.     

4％丁卡因庆大霉素复合液阻滞治疗三叉神经痛22例

目的:研究4％丁卡因庆大霉素复合液阻滞半月神经节及三叉神经支治疗三叉神经痛的效果.方法:将4％丁卡因庆大霉素复合液注射到半月神经节及三叉神经支表面,来阻滞治疗相应区域的三叉神经痛.结果:无死亡病例,无严重的并发症,有效率为91％.结论:4％丁卡因庆大霉素复合液阻滞治疗三叉神经痛是安全有效的方法.     

臂丛神经阻滞时神经刺激器诱发患者不同运动反应与桡神经阻滞效果的关系

目的 评价臂丛神经阻滞时神经刺激器诱发患者不同运动反应与桡神经阻滞效果的关系.方法 择期拟行手、腕或前臂手术患者120例,性别不限,ASA I或Ⅱ级,年龄18～60岁,随机分为2组(n=60),三点腋路臂丛神经阻滞在周围神经刺激器引导下,采用1%利多卡因与0.33%罗哌卡因混合液注射于肌皮神经、正中神经,分别为5、10 ml,I组和Ⅱ组分别诱发前臂外展或腕及手指外展时,采用上述混合液20 ml注射于桡神经周围,于注射完毕后5、10、15、20、25和30 min时采用针刺法评价肌皮神经、正中神经的感觉阻滞情况,桡神经近端和远端的感觉及运动阻滞情况.记录神经阻滞操作时间,记录桡神经定位次数,评价桡神经定位的难易程度.结果 与I组相比,Ⅱ组感觉完全阻滞成功率高,桡神经远端感觉及运动阻滞成功率高,神经阻滞操作时间长,桡神经定位困难程度高(P<0.05或0.01).结论 臂丛神经阻滞时,当神经刺激器诱发患者腕及手指外展较诱发前臂外展应用1%利多卡因与0.33%罗哌卡因混合液20 ml阻滞桡神经的效果更完善.     

Thermogangliolysis of the Gasserian ganglion under computed tomography fluoroscopy

Gasserian ganglion block is an established treatment for trigeminal neuralgia. A landmark approach assisted by X-ray fluoroscopy is the most common method; however, visualization of the foramen ovale is difficult in some cases. Here we report two cases in which a novel technique using modern computed tomography (CT) fluoroscopy was employed. A 63-year-old woman suffering pain in the maxillary nerve area was treated by thermogangliolysis under CT fluoroscopy. The patient was positioned on a CT stage with the head in an overhanging position. The CT gantry was set at an oblique angle to obtain a coronal view of the foramen ovale. The safest and shortest route to the foramen was designed using the CT image and a 22-gauge insulated needle was advanced following the designed route under CT fluoroscopy. The effect of the nerve block was estimated by injection of a test dose of mepivacaine, after which the ganglion was thermally coagulated at 90°C. Satisfactory analgesia was obtained in this case without any complications. Another patient (65 years old) was also treated by the same technique, and satisfactory pain relief was obtained. In conclusion, CT fluoroscopy-guided Gasserian ganglion thermolysis is considered a safe, quick, and effective treatment for trigeminal neuralgia.     

Glycerol injection method for trigeminal neuralgia

Twenty nine patients with trigeminal neuralgia were treated by retrogasserian glycerol injection method. Two of 29 were postherpetic and 27 were idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia. The mean age of these 27 was 65.2 years old ranging from 35 to 83 and the mean duration of symptoms was 7.6 years ranging from 6 months to 25 years. As previous surgical treatment there were 9 alcohol block, 5 thermorhizotomy of the Gasserian ganglion and one microvascular decompression. Twenty-two gauge needle was introduced into the trigeminal cistern via foramen ovale under the fluoroscopic control. Before injection of glycerol trigeminal cisternography using metrizamide of 300 mgI/dl was done to ascertain whether or not the needle tip was properly placed in the cistern. Patients' neck being flexed anteriorly, pure glycerol, amounting from 0.15 to 0.6 ml, was injected into the cistern with small increments through the needle. If the needle was inserted too deeply in the cistern, it is more probable that glycerol should escape from the cistern into the posterior fossa. So it was advisable that needle tip should be placed in the bottom of the cistern. When there was no pain relief, second injection was performed usually 7 days after the first injection. Complications were as follows; dysesthesia (81%), hypertension (70%), hypalgesia and hypesthesia (48%) headache (22%), ocular dysesthesia (11%), masseter weakness (7%), hyperalgesia (7%), attack of paroxysmal pain (7%). Most of these complications subsided within 8 weeks. Dysesthesia and hypalgesia that had persisted over 8 weeks were recognized in 30% of the cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Trigeminal depressor response during percutaneous microcompression of the trigeminal ganglion for trigeminal neuralgia

Percutaneous microcompression of the trigeminal ganglion for trigeminal neuralgia was performed 23 times on 21 patients. Significant abrupt drops in heart rate and blood pressure (P less than 0.0002) occurred when the needle entered the foramen ovale or upon balloon advancement or inflation. In 16 of 23 (70%) procedures, the heart rate fell abruptly to 60 or less, by a mean of 38%. Mean arterial blood pressure decreased transiently by 31% during 12 of 23 (55%) procedures. Our findings of transient bradycardia and hypotension upon mechanical stimulation or compression of the mandibular nerve or trigeminal ganglion show for the first time the presence of a trigeminal depressor response in humans. We recommend that heart rate and arterial blood pressure be monitored continuously during percutaneous microcompression of the trigeminal ganglion. Intravenous atropine should be available for immediate use, and an external pacemaker should be fitted preoperatively.     

Foramen ovale cannulation guided by intra-operative computed tomography with integrated neuronavigation for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia

Background  

Radiofrequency rhizotomy of the Gasserian ganglion for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia via percutaneous cannulation of the foramen ovale is facilitated by various localization modalities. In our preliminary study, we described the feasibility of computed tomography (CT) using an integrated neuronavigation system to cannulate the foramen ovale.     

Precise cannulation of the foramen ovale in trigeminal neuralgia complicating osteogenesis imperfecta with basilar invagination: technical case report

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Trigeminal neuralgia is a rare feature of basilar invagination, which is itself a complication of osteochondrodysplastic disorders. Microvascular decompression is an unattractive option in medically refractory cases. The conventional percutaneous approach to the trigeminal ganglion is anatomically impossible because the foramen ovale points inferiorly and posteromedially. We report a new technique for image-guided trigeminal injection in a patient with basilar invagination complicating osteogenesis imperfecta. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 26-year-old woman with osteogenesis imperfecta presented with a 3-year history of typical left maxillary division trigeminal neuralgia, which was poorly controlled by carbamazepine at the maximum tolerated dose. She had obvious cranial deformities, left optic atrophy, delayed left eye closure, tongue atrophy, but normal facial sensation and corneal reflexes. A computed tomographic scan and magnetic resonance imaging confirmed severe basilar invagination. TECHNIQUE: Frameless stereotactic glycerol injection of the left trigeminal ganglion was performed under general anesthesia using the infrared-based EasyGuide Neuro system (Philips Medical Systems, Best, The Netherlands) with magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomographic registration. The displaced and distorted left foramen ovale was cannulated via a true frameless stereotactic method with the trajectory determined by virtual pointer elongation. The needle placement was confirmed with injection of contrast medium into the trigeminal cistern. The path needed to enter the foramen traversed the right cheek, soft palate, and left tonsil. The patient went home pain-free with a preserved corneal reflex and no complications. CONCLUSION: Frameless stereotaxy allows customization to individual patient anatomy and may be adapted to a variety of percutaneous procedures used in areas where the anatomy is complex.     

Unanticipated complication of percutaneous radiofrequency trigeminal rhizotomy: rhinorrhea: report of three cases and a cadaver study

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Several neurosurgical procedures have been developed for the treatment of idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia: vascular decompression of the trigeminal root in the brainstem, percutaneous trigeminal ganglion procedures, and external beam radiosurgery. Percutaneous radiofrequency electrodes target the trigeminal fibers in the gasserian ganglion through the foramen ovale. Several complications of radiofrequency trigeminal rhizotomy (RF-TR) have been described, including puncture of the carotid artery, the cavernous sinus, and the cranial nerves. This study presents a very rare complication of percutaneous RF-TR, rhinorrhea, and attempts to define its mechanism. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: Of 2375 patients with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia who underwent 2958 percutaneous RF-TR procedures, 3 developed subsequent rhinorrhea, which resolved spontaneously in 2 to 3 days. TECHNIQUE: Two formalin-fixed cadavers were dissected to demonstrate the relationship between the foramen ovale and the tuba auditiva and the mechanism of rhinorrhea. CONCLUSION: This article presents a very rare complication of RF-TR. Rhinorrhea and/or cerebrospinal fluid fistulae in the nasopharyngeal cavity are benign complications of RF-TR that result from puncturing both the membranous portion of the tuba auditiva (eustachian tube) and Meckel's cave with the rhizotomy needle.     

CT定位选择性射频热凝术治疗原发性三叉神经痛

目的探讨CT定位选择性三叉神经半月节射频热凝术治疗原发性三叉神经痛的临床价值。方法选择24例原发性三叉神经痛，Hartel前入路穿刺法，局麻CT定位下经卵圆孔穿刺三叉神经半月节，经电生理验证后温控射频热凝对靶点进行选择性毁损治疗。结果疼痛消失18例，疼痛减轻5例，无缓解1例，总有效率95、8％（23／24）。24例随访3～18个月，平均12个月。2例（8、3％）复发。结论CT定位选择性三叉神经半月节射频热凝术治疗原发性三叉神经痛安全简便，疗效可靠，并发症少，尤其适用于高龄或不能耐受开颅手术的病人。     

Percutaneous trigeminal ganglion balloon compression for treatment of trigeminal neuralgia--part I: pressure recordings

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to establish standards for the pressure monitoring system and to define the pressure pattern during percutaneous trigeminal ganglion compression for treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. METHODS: Seventy-five patients with intractable trigeminal neuralgia who underwent percutaneous trigeminal ganglion balloon compression were included in this study. A computerized pressure system was used for pressure monitoring and analysis. RESULTS: The procedural pressure patterns of the balloon opening pressure and the initial compression pressure were identified. On average, the balloon opening pressure was 2956 +/- 185 mm Hg in Meckel's cave (area 2) and it was much higher than that outside the foramen ovale (area 1, 2402 +/- 172 mm g), or in the posterior fossa (area 3, 2120 +/- 127 mm Hg) (p < 0.05). The average initial compression pressure in area 2 was 1204 +/- 105 mm Hg, and it was also significantly higher than those in area 1 (728 +/- 42 mm Hg) and area 3 (458 +/- 72 mm Hg) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The pressure monitoring system has proven to be accurate, reliable, and extremely useful for monitoring the percutaneous trigeminal ganglion balloon compression procedure.