Advanced practice nursing in the Nordic countries

? Changes in the delivery of health care and changes in population characteristics and health care requirements mandate changing requirements in nursing education. ? This is necessary to meet patient and family needs and to deliver quality health care. ? This paper describes the background to nursing education in the Nordic countries and gives an account of an initiative in Norway to prepare advanced practice nurses for clinical practice in this dynamic environment.     

Emergence of Nordic nursing research: no position is an Island

This paper reports on a detailed analysis of findings from a larger study of 'Nordic nursing theorists and clinical nurses' reflections on and experience with production and use of research, theory and findings'. The development of nursing science in the Nordic countries goes back to the late 1970s. With use of a sociological approach the aim was to explore whether nursing science has constituted itself as an autonomous nursing research field in Bourdieu's terms. In-depth interviews were undertaken with a purposive sample of 10 professors drawn from seven universities in the Nordic countries. The interview agenda explored the participants' research activities and knowledge production. Our conclusion is that one cannot speak of nursing research in the Nordic countries as a fully developed and autonomous field. Yet we see the outlines of an emerging nursing research field with a common doxa. At least three distinct positions operate in Nordic nursing research: a clinical and applied oriented position, a profession and knowledge oriented position and a theoretical and concept oriented position. Epistemologically speaking the positions are of a 'spontaneous', 'cyclical' and 'break' character. In a relational perspective each position has created its specific form via its relations with other positions in the field.     

An exploration of methodological pluralism in nursing research

The purpose of this article is to describe some important differences in methodological perspectives within the discipline of nursing. Four research traditions (empiric analytic, grounded theory, Heideggerian hermeneutic, and participatory action research) and the philosophical assumptions that inform them are presented. The discussion touches on criticisms that arise from within and from outside each tradition, as well as how each addresses the usefulness of research. Finally, ways in which specialized language is simultaneously necessary and problematic in advancing scholarly debate are illuminated. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Res Nurs Health 21:545–555, 1998     

After the Doctorate: A qualitative study investigating nursing research career development in Jordan

There is a dearth of research exploring the development of postdoctoral nursing research careers in non‐Western contexts. This paper reports on a qualitative study of Jordanian graduates of UK PhD programs. Interviews were held with 16 graduates who worked in the nursing faculty of seven different universities in Jordan. Participants reported that their doctoral degree had equipped them with confidence and enthusiasm for developing a research career. Mentorship, leadership, and peer support were identified as essential to supporting ongoing research activity. Access to these sources of support was variable and participants also described a range of institutional and organizational structures that directly or indirectly discouraged them from developing research productivity. This research suggests that support for postdoctoral novice researchers is an important area for further attention – for Jordanian universities, for UK PhD supervisors (and their associated academic departments), and for the wider nursing community.     

Risk profile,antithrombotic treatment and clinical outcomes of patients in Nordic countries with atrial fibrillation – results from the GARFIELD-AF registry

AimsThe objective was to evaluate the clinical characteristics, management and two-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation at risk for stroke in Nordic countries.MethodsWe examined the baseline characteristics, antithrombotic treatment, and two-year clinical outcomes of patients from four Nordic countries.ResultsA total of 52,080 patients were enrolled in the GARFIELD-AF. Out of 29,908 European patients, 2,396 were recruited from Nordic countries. The use of oral anticoagulants, alone or in combination with antiplatelet (AP), was higher in Nordic patients in all CHA₂DS₂-VASc categories: 0–1 (72.8% vs 60.3%), 2–3 (78.7% vs 72.9%) and ≥4 (79.2% vs 74.1%). In Nordic patients, NOAC ± AP was more frequently prescribed (32.0% vs 27.7%) and AP monotherapy was less often prescribed (10.4% vs 18.2%) when compared with Non-Nordic European patients. The rates (per 100 patient years) of all-cause mortality and non-haemorrhagic stroke/systemic embolism (SE) were similar in Nordic and Non-Nordic European patients [3.63 (3.11–4.23) vs 4.08 (3.91–4.26), p value = .147] and [0.98 (0.73–1.32) vs 1.02 (0.93–1.11), p value = .819], while major bleeding was significantly higher [1.66 (1.32–2.09) vs 1.01 (0.93–1.10), p value < .001].ConclusionNordic patients had significantly higher major bleeding than Non-Nordic-European patients. In contrast, rates of all-cause mortality and non-haemorrhagic stroke/SE were comparable. Clinical Trial RegistrationUnique identifier: NCT01090362. URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Key MessageNordic countries had significantly higher major bleeding than Non-Nordic-European countries. Rates of mortality and non-haemorrhagic stroke/SE were similar .     

The art of stained glass: metaphor for the art of nursing

The art of stained glass: metaphor for the art of nursing
The aesthetic is a way of knowing the meaning of and the meaning in the art of nursing. The art of creating stained glass offers a personal metaphor for nursing's essence; the art of caring. Both arts aim to fulfil the potential of their subjects to achieve a harmony that goes beyond their individual components. Stained glass artistry and caring in nursing require technical expertise, yet technical skill and knowledge are not the substance of either art. Both transcend space and time, and the art of stained glass and the art of nursing are influenced by the artist's/nurse's personal, social and cultural history. Just as die artisan transforms the glass and lead and is transformed in the creative moment, so does the caring transaction transform both patient and nurse. This personal reflection explores the nature of caring in nursing as mirrored by the author's work with stained glass.     

护理科研管理中科研组长的职责与作用

建立护理科研小组 ,从各科室选拔有经验、有能力的护理骨干从事科研组长工作。在工作实施中明确科研组长的职责及工作范围 ,如负责科室的开题报告、审核科研经费的使用、协调护理科研中出现的问题、护理论文的修改、做好科室的科研计划、组织及预期的目标等工作。同时 ,护理部也定期加强对科研组长的培训 ,使其充分发挥作用 ,通过几年实践 ,效果满意     

我院基于医院护理文化理念的护理科研

目的：探讨基于医院人性化护理文化理念的临床护理及护理科学研究。方法：加强护理文化教育,引导临床开展人性化服务的护理科研,以患者体位护理及康复知识宣教方法为切入点,研制系列体位护理枕、健康教育教程光盘并应用于临床,探索人文关怀理念与临床护理、护理科研的有机结合。结果：增强了护士人性化护理科学研究的意识,系列体位护理枕、健康教育光盘教程不仅能达到相应的治疗效果及增加患者的舒适度,还能让患者感受到给予了更多的关注、关怀、尊严与尊重,患者的依从性显著提高。结论：人文关怀理念引导下的临床护理科研,丰富了护理文化的内涵,促进了该院护理科研的发展     

The struggle for methodological orthodoxy in nursing research: the case of mental health

This paper is not intended as an exhaustive review of contemporary mental health nursing research. Rather, the intention is to explore some of the competing arguments for different methodological approaches in social research, using mental health nursing as a case example. The paper questions the extent to which the artificially dichotomized debate over quantitative versus qualitative research impacts upon the working lives of practitioners, managers and policy makers. In particular, the paper traces the development of survey method, during this its centennial anniversary year. It also traces its subsequent decline, in favour of what will be referred to as the new methodological orthodoxy in nursing research. It is also interwoven with occasional accounts of personal experience, drawn from an international perspective. The paper calls for a reapproachement between different wings of methodological opinion, in deference to a publicly unified position for nursing research in which the achievement of quality becomes the over-arching concern.     

Trends and recommendations for critical care nursing research in the Nordic countries: Triangulation of review and survey data

BackgroundPriorities for critical care nursing research have evolved with societal trends and values. In the 1980s priorities were the nursing workforce, in 1990s technical nursing, in 2000s evidence-based nursing and in 2010s symptom management and family-centred care.ObjectivesTo identify current trends and future recommendations for critical care nursing research in the Nordic countries.MethodsWe triangulated the results of a literature review and a survey. A review of two selected critical care nursing journals (2016–2017) was conducted using content analysis to identify contemporary published research. A self-administered computerised cross-sectional survey of Nordic critical care nursing researchers (2017) reported current and future areas of research.ResultsA review of 156 papers identified research related to the patient (13%), family (12%), nurse (31%), and therapies (44%). Current trends in the survey (n = 76, response rate 65%) included patient and family involvement, nurse performance and education, and evidence-based protocols. The datasets showed similar trends, but aftercare was only present in the survey. Future trends included symptom management, transitions, rehabilitation, and new nursing roles.ConclusionCritical care nursing research is trending toward increased collaboration with patient and family, delineating a shift toward user values. Recommendations include long-term outcomes and impact of nursing.     

发达国家与发展中国家社区护理的现状与展望

介绍了发达国家及发展中国家社区护理现状,发现发达国家社区护理在机构设置、管理模式、服务内涵、人员准入方面都有系统而严格的要求,发展中国家虽然受经济实力和人民观念的制约而相对滞后,但在政府的高度重视和经济发展中快速发展.希望借鉴发达国家社区护理的经验,促进和提高我国社区护理的整体水平.     

Madness in our methods: nursing research, scientific epistemology

This paper is a critique of some research methods evident in contemporary nursing literature. The arguments derive from critical-feminist, humanist and ethical perspectives. As a consequence of investigating specific aspects of scientific method, an approach to research that is congruent with values intrinsic to an holistic approach to nursing practice is articulated. Such methodologies also render problematic with status quo power relations between nurses and other health professionals, as well as between nurses and patients. The central themes in this paper are: the absence of overt conceptual frameworks; an avoidance of complex social contexts within which research subjects live; an apparent lack of empathy; and an apolitical articulation of research problems and data analyses. All four of these difficulties may be traced to scientific methodology by many researchers. Most nurse researchers may not actually adhere to this technique, but I propose that they have been informed by belief systems associated with scientific methodology and diat these have dire consequences for the discipline of nursing. A key argument is diat the apparent lack of conceptual frameworks in the majority of nursing research is due to the epistemology, which therefore provides a pre-existing, non-declared conceptual framework, that is incorporated into the research by drawing upon scientific mediodology. A further argument is diat scientific, or scientistic, ways of approaching situations are antithetical to nursing values and to constructive social change for the benefit of patients, nursing and nurses.     

双因素理论在护理科研管理中的应用

如何提高护理人员护理科研水平,激发护理人员科研热情,促进护理科研发展,是关系到护理学科发展的一个重要内容,双因素理论为解决这一问题提供了新的思路。通过探讨护理科研中保健因素和激励因素的不同作用,提出：作为护理科研管理者,不仅应处理好科研中的保健因素,为护理人员创造良好的科研环境,更要注重激励因素在护理科研中的作用,最大限度地激发护理人员的科研热情和潜力。     

The research assessment exercise in nursing: learning from the past, looking to the future

Aims and objectives. The aim of the study was to enable those planning to make submissions to the 2008 Research Assessment Exercise to make informed decisions regarding their research strategies. The objective of the study was to identify the factors that distinguish those units of assessment (Universities and Higher Education Institutions) that were highly rated from those that received a low rating for nursing in the Research Assessment Exercise of 2001. Background. Nursing research differs in kind from other types of biomedical research. There is a tendency for research in nursing to be characterized by an inward‐looking focus and dominated by a concern with the profession itself. Design. The examination of the research output of nursing. Methods. Data from the abstracts of journal articles submitted to the 2001 Research Assessment Exercise for nursing were extracted, classified, collated and analysed. Results. The publications submitted by those in the higher‐rated units showed a greater tendency than those submitted by those in the lower‐rated units to report on a study involving the collection of primary data; to be multi‐authored; to use either qualitative methodology or randomized‐controlled trials; and to focus upon clinical issues and have patients as the subjects of the research. Conclusion. Nursing research is in a process of change and growth and is still of variable quality. The development of research towards patient care and clinical issues, and away from issues relating to the profession itself, is most evident among those units of assessment rated highly in the 2001 Research Assessment Exercise. Relevance to clinical practice. The study indicates that the best of current nursing research is focused upon clinical issues and patient care.     

护理科研型团队建设现状及设想

对国内一些医院成功开展护理科研小组的工作概况、科研团队的概念、高效团队的特征、领导模式等进行了综述,并提出在医院内建设理科研型团队的设想,即建设护理科研型团队的必要性、具体形式、工作方法及管理。     

我国非实验性护理研究发展状况分析

目的:描述我国非实验性护理研究的发展状况。方法:该研究采用内容分析法,手工检索1990-2006年的《中华护理杂志》及《实用护理杂志》(于2003年更名为《中国实用护理杂志》)刊载的2547篇非实验性护理研究论文,进行全文逐篇分析。结果:我国非实验性护理研究论文数量不多,且以描述性研究为主;其占期刊载文量的比例较低,但随时间推进逐渐增加;研究的范围日益扩大,科学性日益增强,但在科研设计、资料收集及分析方面还存在着一些问题。结论:我国非实验性护理研究论文数量自20世纪90年代以来逐渐增加,但在研究的各个方面还存在不足,研究者的科研水平有待提高。