经纤维支气管镜氩等离子体凝固治疗气道狭窄

目的:评价经纤维支气管镜(纤支镜)氩等离子体凝固(argen plasma coagulation,APC)治疗在气道狭窄中的应用价值.方法:应用ERBE 300型APC治疗器经纤支镜对18例气道狭窄患者进行治疗,包括10例支气管肺鳞癌,5例支气管结核,1例肺胚母细胞癌,1例支气管囊腺癌和1例支气管淀粉样变;其中4例为气管或支气管支架置入后再狭窄.从狭窄再通疗效和气促评分情况进行评价.结果:18例患者进行了26次APC治疗(12例1次,4例2次,2例3次).完全有效8例(44.4%),部分有效5例(27.8%),轻度有效4例(22.2%),无效1例(5.6%).4例气管或支气管支架置入后再狭窄患者治疗均为完全有效,且APC对镍钛记忆合金支架无损伤.结论: 经纤支镜APC治疗气道狭窄是安全有效的.     

支气管结核57例误诊原因分析

支气管结核(bronchical tuberculosis)又称支气管内膜结核(endobronchical tuberculosis,EBTB)是指结核杆菌侵袭气管支气管黏膜、黏膜下层或进一步深入损坏肌层、软骨,最终瘢痕愈合导致气管、支气管管腔狭窄或管壁软化的疾病[1].EBTB临床表现和胸部X线片缺乏特异性,误诊、漏诊率较高.     

支架置入术在气管支气管狭窄中的应用

目的:探讨支气管镜直视下安置镍钛合金支架对气管、支气管狭窄及支气管食道瘘的治疗效果及不良反应。方法:对107例不同原因引起的气管、主支气管狭窄患者在支气管镜直视下施行气道镍钛记忆合金支架置入,其中14例合并支气管食道瘘患者置入带膜支架,对其中39例气道再狭窄患者给予微波治疗。结果:所有患者术后呼吸困难均立即明显缓解。14例合并气管食道瘘患者在置入带膜气管支架后进食呛咳消失。39例气道再狭窄患者予微波治疗后未再出现肉芽组织增生。其中4例患者术后1个月内出现纵隔感染,积极给予抗感染及食管内支架置入治疗后好转。结论:纤支镜直视下安置镍钛合金支架是治疗中心气道狭窄安全而有效的方法之一,带膜支架置入是治疗气管食道瘘的有效手段,微波治疗可对支气管腔内肿瘤生长起到有效控制作用。     

球囊扩张及支架置入治疗瘢痕性气道狭窄26例

目的探讨球囊扩张及支架置入在瘢痕性气道狭窄治疗中的作用及安全性.方法对26例不同原因引起的气管、主支气管瘢痕性狭窄或闭塞在支气管镜直视下施行了球囊扩张及镍钛记忆合金支架置入,观察了气促指数、血氧饱和度及肺部影像的变化,并随访了3～56个月.结果 26例瘢痕性气道狭窄患者均施行了球囊扩张,共置入气道支架27个,球囊扩张及支架置入后气道内径由(3.2±1.7)mm扩大至(11.5±1.8)mm,(P《0.01)呼吸困难立即缓解,气促指数由(2.8±0.6)下降至(0.6±0.5),(P《0.01),血氧饱和度由(88±2)%提高至(92±1)%,(P《0.01).术后气道肉芽组织增生4例(15.4%),经高频电凝后未再反复出现肉芽组织增生.瘢痕导致再狭窄1例(3.8%),需反复球囊扩张;并发气胸1例(3.8%),支架断裂1例(3.8%).结论支气管镜直视下球囊扩张及支架置入对瘢痕性气道狭窄治疗效果确切,并发症少.     

经支气管镜安置支架治疗气道狭窄及气管食道瘘21例分析

目的探讨支气管镜直视下安置镍钛合金支架对气管、支气管狭窄及支气管食道瘘的治疗效果及不良反应.方法对21例不同原因引起的气管、主支气管狭窄在支气管镜直视下施行了气道镍钛记忆合金支架置入,其中2例合并支气管食道瘘患者置入的为带膜支架,对其中4例严重气道狭窄患者在安置支架前进行了气道球囊扩张,对其中3例主支气管内肿瘤患者在支架上捆绑 125I粒子.结果所有患者术后呼吸困难均立即明显缓解.2例合并气管食道瘘患者在置入带膜气管支架后进食呛咳消失.4例严重气道狭窄患者在进行球囊扩张后均顺利置入气管支架.3例在支架上捆绑 125I粒子的支气管内肿瘤患者1个月后肿瘤组织明显减少.术后出现痰带血2例,肉芽组织增生2例.结论纤支镜直视下安置镍钛合金支架是治疗中心气道狭窄安全而有效的方法之一,支气管球囊扩张可使支架置入更加顺利,带膜支架置入是治疗气管食道瘘的有效手段,支架上捆绑 125I粒子可对支气管腔内肿瘤起到有效控制作用.     

经支气管镜置入金属支架治疗气道狭窄的临床研究

： 目的 探讨经支气管镜高频电刀烧灼并置入金属支架治疗气道狭窄的有效性及安全性。方法 23例患者因肿瘤增生致气管狭窄,或结核肉芽、瘢痕组织致气管、主支气管狭窄,经支气管镜高频电刀烧灼肿瘤或增生组织,扩大管腔后置入金属支架。结果 全部患者气道通畅,气促缓解,气道管径扩大,随后管腔再次狭窄,甚至阻塞。反复电刀烧灼后恢复畅通,短期内无明显不良反应。结论 经支气管镜高频电刀烧灼并置入金属支架治疗气道狭窄是一种有效且安全的治疗方法,治疗后短期疗效确切,对恶性肿瘤所致气道狭窄可优先选择;但对良性增生所致气道狭窄的治疗,由于患者寿命相对较长,支架置入后远期可能产生肉芽增生及支架断裂等并发症,应慎重选择。     

依据CT图像特点预测支气管内膜结核肺不张手术治疗后患者转归的初步研究

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT(multisilice spiral computered tomography,MSCT)对支气管内膜结核(Endobronchial tuberculosis,EBTB)肺不张阶段患者术前指导价值.方法 回顾性分析2006年4月2011年3月就诊于沈阳市胸科医院患有肺段或肺叶不张的EBTB患者共38例(男13例,女25例),平均年龄49岁,年龄14～65岁.均行胸部MSCT检查及肺复张手术治疗,包括球囊扩张术(24例),支架植入术(10例),以及外科支气管成形术(4例).由2名专业胸部放射科医师对狭窄气道的位置、狭窄程度、病变长度、受累肺组织肺不张程度、病变管壁钙化以及病变支气管扩张做出单盲分析.结果 57.9%(22/38)的肺不张患者行手术治疗成功,然而病变支气管壁钙化(16例)的患者手术成功率仅37.5%;病变支气管扩张(10例)的患者手术成功率为30%;病变长度＞3mm(16例)的患者手术成功率为22.7%,而病变长度≥3mm(22例)的患者手术成功率为77.3%.气道的狭窄程度以及受累肺组织肺不张的程度并不影响本次研究结果(P＞0.05).肺复张治疗成功患者的平均年龄明显低于治疗失败的患者的平均年龄(P=0.037),女性患者EBTB支气管狭窄导致的肺不张的发生率较高(P<0.05).25例左侧支气管受累,13例右侧支气管受累.结论 病变支气管管壁钙化、管腔扩张及病变长度会影响介入或外科手术治疗EBTB后遗症-支气管狭窄的疗效,而病变支气管的狭窄程度及肺不张程度对手术疗效并无显著影响.因此可以通过分析、总结CT图像特点选择手术疗法或保守疗法,以避免不必要的治疗措施,提高手术成功率.     

纤支镜下腔内球囊扩张治疗结核性支气管狭窄235例

目的:评价结核性支气管狭窄经纤支镜下腔内球囊扩张的疗效.方法:235例结核性支气管狭窄患者应用纤支镜介导下球囊扩张治疗,并观察所有患者治疗前后气道直径、气促评分的变化.其中107例患者检测了FEVI.结果:235例分别接受高压球囊扩张术1～9次.平均(2.9±1.7)次.狭窄支气管的直径由治疗前的(2.31±1.49)mm增加到(6.38±1.56)n吼,气促评分由术前的2.15±0.76,减少到0.61±0.48,FEVl由术前(1.2±0.5)L,术后升至(1.9±1.1)L,治疗前后差异均有统计学意义(P相似文献   

纤维支气管镜引导下气管支气管支架置入术治疗肺癌并气道梗阻的临床分析

目的观察纤维支气管镜引导下气管支气管置入术治疗肺癌并气道梗阻的近期疗效。方法选择18例肺癌并呼吸道梗阻患者18例,在病房床旁纤维支气管镜引导下行气管支气管支架置入术,观察气管支气管支架置入前、后患者气促症状、PaO2、PaCO2变化。结果18例患者成功放置,气管支气管支架放置后呼吸困难症状立即缓解,置入前、后患者气促评级、PaO2、PaCO2间差异均有显著性意义。结论纤维支气管镜引导下气管支气管置入术对肺癌并气道梗阻患者安全有效,可明显改善患者的近期生存质量。     

镍钛记忆合金支架在老年恶性气管狭窄患者中的应用

目的 观察纤维支气管镜引导下气管、支气管支架置入治疗老年恶性气管狭窄的效果.方法 对27例老恶性气管狭窄患者行气管支气管支架置入术,观察置入前后患者的近期和远期效果.结果 27例患者均成功置入.置入后气促症状立即缓解,血气分析明显改善.结论 气管支气管支架置入对老年恶性气管狭窄患者安全有效,能改善患者的生活质量.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.