超声引导植入~(125)I放射性粒子治疗腹壁转移性肿瘤

目的:探讨超声引导下植入125I放射性粒子治疗腹壁转移性肿瘤的价值.方法:在超声引导下,经皮穿刺腹壁转移性肿瘤,并依据放射治疗计划植入适当数量的125I放射性粒子.结果:14例患者粒子植入均获成功.超声能清晰显示肿块,准确引导穿刺及粒子植入.14例患者14个病灶中,完全缓解0个,部分缓解12个,无变化2个,总有效率为85.7%(12/14).结论:超声引导下植入125I放射性粒子治疗腹壁转移性肿瘤安全、微创、并发症少,疗效肯定.     

超声介导125I粒子植入治疗淋巴瘤

[目的]探讨超声引导下125I粒子植入治疗淋巴瘤的方法和疗效.[方法]采用实时超声引导经皮穿刺植入瘤体内125I放射性粒子后观察30例108个病灶超声图像的变化,评价其治疗效果.[结果]30例均顺利植入粒子,粒子分布均匀,单个瘤体内植入 125I粒子数为2～31粒(平均15.5粒),分别于3个月和6个月后复查,病灶显示明显缩小或消失,未见严重的并发症.[结论]超声引导下经皮穿刺125I粒子植入近距离放射治疗浅表转移癌具有方法简单、定位准确、疗效确切、无严重并发症等优点,是一种治疗淋巴瘤安全的微创新治疗手段.     

低剂量CT引导下~(125)I放射性粒子植入治疗复发/转移性恶性肿瘤的临床应用价值

目的:探讨在低剂量CT(100m A)引导下~(125)I放射性粒子植入治疗复发/转移性恶性肿瘤的应用价值及其临床意义。材料与方法:收集2013年1月~2015年5月,体部恶性肿瘤术后或放化疗后复发或转移11例,男8例,女3例,年龄55~75岁,平均年龄(62.0±0.7)岁,在低剂量CT(100m A)引导下经皮穿刺植入~(125)I放射性粒子。术前采用肿瘤治疗计划系统(Treatment Planning System,TPS)重建恶性肿瘤的三维立体图像,计算出所需粒子数目及总活度。单个病灶植入粒子数目5~68粒,平均粒子数35粒。单个粒子活度为0.5~0.9m Ci,粒子间距为0.5~1.0cm。随访观察局部控制率,疼痛缓解情况及并发症。结果:11例均顺利完成手术,随访1~6个月,1例病灶完全缓解(CR),7例病灶部分缓解(PR),2例患者病灶无明显变化(NC),1例患者病灶增大(PD),临床有效率为72.7%(CR+PR)。6个月局部控制率63.6%。其中5例患者顽固性疼痛获得明显改善,4例患者疼痛得到不同程度缓解,疼痛缓解率为81.8%。近期副反应轻微。结论:低剂量CT引导下~(125)I放射性粒子植入治疗复发/转移性恶性肿瘤手术精确可控,微创,安全,近期疗效确切,值得推广。     

超声介导挖^125I粒子植入治疗淋巴瘤

【目的】探讨超声引导下^125I粒子植入治疗淋巴瘤的方法和疗效。【方法】采用实时超声引导经皮穿刺植入瘤体内^125I放射性粒子后观察30例108个病灶超声图像的变化,评价其治疗效果。【结果130例均顺利植入粒子,粒子分布均匀,单个瘤体内植入^125I粒子数为2～31粒（平均15．5粒）,分别于3个月和6个月后复查,病灶显示明显缩小或消失,未见严重的并发症。【结论】超声引导下经皮穿刺^125I粒子植入近距离放射治疗浅表转移癌具有方法简单、定位准确、疗效确切、无严重并发症等优点,是一种治疗淋巴瘤安全的微创新治疗手段。     

超声引导下经皮穿刺125I粒子植入在恶性肿瘤中的应用

目的方法结果小或消失，结论探讨超声引导下经皮穿刺^125I粒子植入在治疗恶性肿瘤中的可能性、安全性及其疗效。观察9例14个病灶超声引导下经皮穿刺瘤体内^125I粒子植入后超声图像的变化，评价其治疗效果。9例粒子均顺利植入，粒子分布均匀，单个瘤体内植入^125I粒子数为2～55粒（平均20．9粒），3个月后复查病灶明显缩患者疼痛减轻，未见严重的并发症。超声引导下经皮穿刺^125I粒子植入近距离放射治疗恶性肿瘤是一种安全、有效、简便的介入方法。     

超声介导125I放射性粒子植入治疗晚期恶性肿瘤

目的探讨超声引导^125I放射性粒子植入治疗晚期恶性肿瘤的可行性和效果。 方法在超声引导下，经皮或经阴道穿刺晚期恶性肿瘤，并依据放射治疗计划植入适当数量的^125I放射性粒子。 结果28例患者均获成功。超声能清晰显示肿块，准确引导植入针的插入，成功监视粒子的植入。 结论超声引导^125I放射粒子植入治疗晚期恶性肿瘤安全、微创、并发症少，疗效肯定。     

超声造影引导~(125)I放射性粒子植入治疗肺外周部恶性肿瘤的疗效分析

目的探讨超声造影引导~(125)I放射性粒子植入治疗肺外周部恶性肿瘤的临床应用价值。方法术前将CT等影像数据输入粒子治疗计划系统设定~(125)I放射性粒子布放计划,根据肺外周恶性肿瘤的超声造影结果调整粒子植入计划,于超声造影引导下将~(125)I放射性粒子植入肺外周部恶性肿瘤内,对采用该治疗的28例患者的临床随访资料进行回顾性分析。结果 28例患者均通过超声造影引导下肺穿刺活检获得确切的病理诊断,超声造影引导下~(125)I放射性粒子植入恶性肿瘤组织顺利,粒子分布满意,单个的瘤体内植入6～62粒~(125)I放射性粒子不等,术中、术后患者无明显出血等急性并发症。28例患者术后3例失访,其余25例随访时间0.8～43.9个月,中位随访时间8.23个月。术后总体有效率为88%(22/25),其中16.0%(4/25)病灶完全缓解(CR)、8.0%(2/25)病灶部分缓解(PR)、64.0%(16/25)病灶控制(SD)、12.0%(3/25)肿瘤进展(PD);治疗前后患者肺部肿瘤大小差异具有统计学意义(Z=62.50,P=0.007)。结论超声造影引导可精准地将~(125)I放射性粒子植入肺外周恶性肿瘤,操作安全可靠,粒子分布均匀,对控制肺外周恶性肿瘤局部进展疗效确切,无急性出血等并发症及放射性损伤发生,是晚期周围性肺癌较为理想治疗手段。     

超声引导下~(125)I放射性粒子植入治疗口腔颌面部恶性肿瘤45例分析

目的探讨超声引导下植入125I粒子治疗口腔颌面部恶性肿瘤的疗效及可行性。方法回顾性分析45例声引导下植入125I粒子治疗口腔颌面部恶性肿瘤患者的临床资料。45例患者共47个病灶,经影像学检查确定瘤体大小,超声制作计划切面,经计算机粒子治疗计划系统软件确定植入125I粒子的数量及粒子分布范围,在超声引导下经皮将125I放射性粒子植入预定部位,术后CT检查粒子分布情况及有无漏植。定期超声及CT复查,按照WHO标准评估疗效。结果 45例患者47个病灶治疗的总有效率为70.2%(包括完全缓解、部分缓解)。淋巴结转移癌治疗效果最好,其次为腮腺肿瘤。所有病例在穿刺植入过程中均无严重并发症;2例术后出现口腔溃疡。结论 125I放射性粒子植入治疗口腔颌面部恶性肿瘤疗效确切、安全,值得推广应用;在可探及的前提下,超声为首选引导方式。     

放射性125I粒子植入治疗颈部淋巴转移癌放疗后复发

目的 探讨125I 放射性粒子植入治疗颈部淋巴转移癌放疗后复发的技术方法 、近期疗效及临床意义.方法 采用局部浸润麻醉,超声或CT 引导下125I 放射性粒子植入,对18 例颈部淋巴结转移癌放疗后复发患者进行125I 粒子组织间近距离治疗.植入范围达影像学边界.利用枪式植入器后退式植入粒子,粒子间距10 mm.肿瘤周边匹配剂量(matched peripheral dose,MPD)70 ～100 Gy,每颗粒子活度0.5 ～0.6 mCi,每个病灶植入7 ～41 颗粒子,中位粒子数27 颗.全组均为外放疗后复发病例,既往放疗每次2 Gy,总剂量45 ～75 Gy.术后24 h 内摄头颈正侧位和胸部X 线片,了解粒子有无移位.结果 随访3 ～ 28 个月,中位时间13 个月.全组18 例21 处病灶局部控制率为95.24 %(20 /21).1 年和2 年生存率分别为50%和16.7 %,中位生存期11 个月.无严重的皮肤损伤发生.结论 放射性125 I 粒子近距离治疗颈部淋巴转移癌放疗后复发局部疗效好,微创,并发症少,易于防护,安全可行,是一种理想的治疗方法 ,有良好的应用前景.     

超声导向下^125I粒子植入治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤效果观察

目的探讨超声导向下125I放射性粒子植入治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤的临床效果。方法29例肝脏恶性肿瘤患者,采用超声导向下经皮穿刺植入125I放射粒子23例,开腹术中探头植入125I放射粒子6例,植入粒子数目8-62粒,0.8毫居/粒。结果29例均顺利完成植入术,无一例因植入粒子出现直接死亡和并发症。术后3个月疗效评价,Ⅰ级23例,Ⅱ级4例,Ⅲ级2例,存活时间4-20月。结论根据肿瘤治疗计划运用超声导向125I放射性粒子植入治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤是安全有效的。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.