汉防已甲素对小鼠遗传毒性的研究

通过精子畸形试验、微核实验及姐妹染色单体交换试验,进行了汉防己甲素对小鼠遗传毒性的研究。结果表明,汉防己甲素组的小鼠精子畸形率及小鼠骨髓细胞微核率显著增高,且存在剂量—反应关系。但小鼠姐妹染色单体交换频率的改变不显著。表明该药对实验动物具有遗传毒性。     

苦参对鸡胚细胞姐妹染色单体交换率及小鼠骨髓细胞微核率的影响

苦参实验组的鸡胚细胞姐妹染色单体交换率,随着苦参浓度的增加而增高,呈现剂量-反应关系,实验组小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率明显高于对照组(p<0.01),呈现剂量-反应关系。     

用人外周血淋巴细胞短期培养观察胎盘免疫调节肽的细胞遗传学效应

短期培养人外周血淋巴细胞的遗传效应实验表明,胎盘免疫调节肽不能显著诱发姐妹染色单体交换(P>0.05),不同剂量胎盘免疫调节肽组间姐妹染色单体交换频率也无显著差异(P>0.05),但在同等培养条件下,环磷酰胺能非常显著地使姐妹染色单体交换频率增高(P<0.001),提示胎盘免疫调节肽机体遗传物质的稳定性无影响。     

宫颈癌放疗细胞遗传学损伤的生物标志物及剂量-反应关系

目的：探讨子宫颈癌患者hprt基因突变率、微核率和姐妹染色单体交换SCE率的自发水平及放疗后变化,评估电离辐射诱发的染色体损伤。方法：取25例宫颈鳞癌患者放疗前与放疗中外周静脉血,多核细胞法测hprt突变率,胞质分裂阻滞法测微核率,姐妹染色单体交换试验测姐妹染色单体交换率。正常对照组共25例,来自健康查体者。结果：（1）子宫颈癌患者自发hprt基因突变率、微核率、姐妹染色单体交换率均高于健康人（P均〈0．05）。（2）hprt突变率在放疗后升高,40Gy时达最高峰,40Gy后稍下降,差别有显著性（P〈O．05）,呈剂量-反应关系（r=0．620,P〈0．01）。（3）微核率在放疔后逐渐升高并呈线性关系（r=0．827,P〈0．01）。（4）各累积剂量组SCE率均高于治疗前,差异有统计学意义（P均〈0．05）,但无明显的线性关系。结论：在一定的放射剂量范围内,外周血淋巴细胞hprt突变率、微核率与姐妹染色单体交换率是评估放射损伤的有效生物指标。     

正常妇女、孕妇和服复方炔雌醚妇女姐妹染色单体交换的观察

对从未服过避孕药的正常妇女10名,晚期妊娠妇女12名和服避孕药妇女13名的外周血淋巴细胞染色单体交换频率进行了观察。 服药组用复方炔雌醚(炔雌醚3.3mg,氯地孕酮15mg),每月一片,平均9.04年(8～11年),继用减量复方炔雌醚(炔雌醚2mg,氯地孕酮6mg,18甲基炔诺酮6mg),平均1.04年1～1.5年)。 三组的平均姐妹染色单体交换频率分别为:5.45士1.10SD,7.15土1.22SD和5.98士1.13SD,此结果显示服药组与正常妇女组之间的姐妹染色单体交换频率无统计学差异,而妊娠组比服药组和正常妇女组的姐妹染色单体交换频率高。说明本研究中未见适当使用本避孕片增加姐妹染色单体交换频率。     

100例正常人外周血淋巴细胞姐妹染色体互换的研究

染色体在DNA复制过程中,姐妹染色单体之间发生等位交换的现象,称姐妹染色单体互换(Sister Chromatid Exchange,简称SCE)。SCE的研究是检测物理、化学、病毒等致癌、致畸、致突变物质(三致)细     

β-羧乙基锗倍半氧化物的致突变性检测

对β-羧乙基锗倍半氧化物(Ge-132)进行了致突变检测,Ames试验、小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验和骨髓细胞姐妹染色单体交换试验在测试的剂量范围内未检出阳性。     

化学性诱导对孕妇及其新生儿淋巴细胞姊妹染色单体交换的影响

在母亲及其新生儿外周血液中加入不同浓度的己烯雌酚(10~(-6)M,10~(-5)M和10~(-4)M)和丝裂霉素C(0.003,0.009和0.03μg/ml),测定其姊妹染色单体交换(SCE)率。结果表明新生儿自发性姊妹染色单体交换率较母亲为低。在丝裂霉素C处理组中,其姊妹染色单体交换的增加呈现剂量-效应相关关系;己烯雌酚组未发现姊妹染色单体交换增加。本研究结果提示:化学性诱导对母亲及其新生儿淋巴细胞的灵敏性不存在差异性。     

氨基酸对人外周淋巴细胞姐妹染色单体交换的影响

本实验研究21种氨基酸对人外周淋巴细胞的姐妹染色单体交换率的影响。结果表明在RPMI 1640培养剂中加入每种氨基酸都可引起培养的人外周淋巴细胞姐妹染色单体交换频率的显著增加,其诱导效应可能是间接的。     

益母草对小鼠雄性生殖细胞遗传损伤的影响

目的 :观察中草药益母草对醋酸铅引起的小鼠雄性生殖细胞遗传损伤的影响。方法 :采用小鼠精原细胞姐妹染色单体交换实验。结果 :益母草本身不能诱发小鼠精原细胞姐妹染色单体交换 ,但在与醋酸铅一同给药时 ,可使醋酸铅所诱发的小鼠精原细胞姐妹染色单体交换频率明显降低。结论 :益母草对小鼠雄性生殖细胞遗传物质具有保护作用 ,即抗诱变作用。     

The respiratory effects of chloromethyl methyl ether.

A prospective study of 125 chemical workers was carried out for ten years to investigate the incidence of lung cancer. Some of the men were exposed to chloromethyl methyl ether containing bis(chloromethyl) ether as an impurity. Bronchogenic carcinoma was markedly increased among them, with a strong dose-response relationship. An unexpected inverse relationship was noted between smoking and the incidence of lung cancer. The neoplasms (all small-cell carcinomas) occurred in relatively young men. Symptoms of chronic bronchitis were reported more often among men exposed to chloromethyl ether, and a dose-response relationship was apparent, with smoking a cofactor. Ventilatory function was not significantly affected by chemical exposure. Periodic screening over the first five years of the study showed a decrease in chronic coughing and an increase in dyspnea while chemical exposure was diminishing.     

The measurement of airway responsive index in normal individuals and asthmatic patients

Measurement of airway responsiveness to nonallergenic stimuli can be used to confirm the diagnosis of asthma, document the severity of airway responsiveness, and follow changes in airway responsiveness with time in relation to treatment or exposure to occupational sensitizers. Methacholine inhalation is the preferred test for the clinical laboratory as it is more sensitive than exercise or cold air, and there are fewer side effects than with histamine. Airway responsiveness to nonspecific, pharmacologic, bronchoconstricting stimuli has been described using various methods of summarizing dose-response data. The purpone of this study was to examine a simple index of nonspecific airway responsiveness to methacholine, i.e., the slope of a straight line approximation of the dose-response curve. Twelve normal and 19 asthmatic volunteers were studied. Subjects underwent a standard methacholine challenge test, both specific airway conductance (SGaw) and forced expiratory volume of one second (FEV1) were measured. We examined the relationship between response assessed by SGaw or FEV1 and dose of methacholine in each subject. The results showed that, in most of the subjects, the decline of pulmonary function with increasing dose of methacholine almost followed a simple linear relationship. A straight line extending from the origin to the last data point obtained approximating this relationship provides a reasonable summary of each plot. This were true not only in asthmatic subjects but also in normals, and not only for FEV1 but also for SGaw. The slope of this straight line was denominate as responsive index. The summary dose-response slope effectively separated asthmatic from normal subjects without any overlapping; this was true not only when FEV1 but also for SGaw was used as the parameter of response. The responsive index was much greater among asthmatics than among normal subjects (P less than 0.001). The responsive index from the parameter of SGaw was nearly perfectively correlated with which was from FEV1 (r = 0.989, P less than 0.001). We considered that airway responsive index can be calculated not only when FEV1 but also SGaw was used as a parameter of pulmonary function response. The dose-response slope calculated in the present analysis is a summary of the overall dose-response relationship and thus differs from the slope of the latter part of the log dose-response curve. It has the advantage of providing a single, continuous, easily interpreted measure of responsiveness for all subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

老年阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停与代谢综合征各组分的相关性及其对远期不良心血管事件发生风险的影响

目的 探讨老年阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）与代谢综合征（MetS）各组分的相关性及其对远期主要不良心血管事件（MACE）发生风险的影响。方法 本研究为多中心前瞻性队列研究。2015年1月~2017年10月,多中心连续纳入1157例年龄≥60岁,基线无MACE病史且MetS指标完整的OSA患者作为随访队列,OSA由整夜多导睡眠监测记录的睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）≥5次/h定义。研究收集了所有患者的基线人口学数据、临床特征、生化指标、睡眠参数,按基线AHI的四分位水平分为4组,中位随访42个月,随访结局为MACE及其组成事件[心血管死亡、心肌梗死、需住院的心绞痛或心力衰竭]。采用多元线性回归和Cox 比例风险回归模型分析MetS各组分与OSA的主要客观预判指标AHI和最低氧饱和度（LSpO2）的相关性及其远期的MACE发生风险。结果 AHI和LSpO2四分位组均与MetS各组分[空腹血糖、腰围、收缩压、甘油三酯]存在正剂量效应关系,与高密度脂蛋白水平呈负剂量反应关系。中位42月随访期内,119例（10.3%）OSA患者发生了MACE。Cox回归分析结果显示,高甘油三酯、收缩压及腰围增加是MACE及其部分组成事件的独立危险因素（P<0.05,P<0.01）,高高密度脂蛋白水平是MACE和心肌梗死的保护性因素（P<0.05,P<0.01）,且独立于AHI;相比之下,独立于LSpO2的MetS各组分未表现出与MACE及其组成事件发生风险的相关性。结论 老年OSA患者的主要诊断指标AHI和LSpO2与MetS各组分存在剂量效应关系,MetS中的部分组分与AHI相互作用可增加MACE及其组成事件的发生风险。     

非程序DNA合成法评价厨房油烟凝聚物致突变作用

利用人体外周血淋巴细胞非程序ＤＮＡ合成方法（ｕｎｓｃｈｅｄｕｌｅｄＤＮＡｓｙｎｔｈｅｓｉｓ，ＵＤＳ）评价厨房食用油在烹调过程中所产生的油烟凝聚物的致突变作用。实验结果表明：食用菜油、豆油在高温烹调过程中所产生的油烟凝聚物可使ＵＤＳ的ｃｐｍ值明显增加。并且呈现一定的剂量─效应关系。认为将ＵＤＳ方法用于评价油烟凝聚物的致突变作用是可行的，该方法可展现出明晰的油烟凝聚物致细胞非程序ＤＮＡ合成作用的剂量效应关系，并且具有一定的灵敏度。菜油等植物油在高温烹调过程中所产生的油烟凝聚物可直接损伤ＤＮＡ，造成非程序ＤＮＡ合成量的增加。     

慢性支气管炎发病因素的初步探讨

为了探讨慢性支气管炎的发病因素,我们于1989年6在江西宜春市城区完成了68对慢性支气管炎病例对照研究。研究结果表明,男性吸烟、饮酒、慢性支气管炎家史与慢性支气管炎有关,其OR值分别是2.68、5.86、3.05;进一步分析指出:每日吸烟量、吸烟年数和饮酒量、饮酒年数与慢性支气管炎有剂量反应关系的趋势;发砷、慢性疾病史与慢支气管炎的关系未发现。     

蝎毒组分Ⅲ对原代培养的人肝癌细胞的抑制作用

目的　观察蝎毒组分Ⅲ (scorpionvenomcrudeⅢ ,SVCⅢ )对原代培养的人肝癌细胞生长的影响 ,试图找出SVCⅢ抑制肝细胞癌的最佳浓度。方法　采用噻唑蓝 (MTT)法检测经不同浓度SVCⅢ作用的肝癌细胞的生长抑制率。结果　SVCⅢ能抑制该细胞的生长 ,并可导致肝癌细胞代谢MTT的能力显著低于对照组 ,生长抑制率达 64 .3 6% (P <0 .0 1)。当SVCⅢ的浓度 <16mg·L-1时 ,剂量 -效应关系明显 ;而SVCⅢ的浓度 >16mg·L-1时无剂量-效应关系。丝裂霉素C(MMC)治疗组生长抑制率达 5 8.42 % (P <0 .0 1)。结论　SVCⅢ能够抑制肝癌细胞的生长 ,并存在剂量 -效应关系。     

Serum Ferritin and the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Cross-sectional Studies

Objective This study aims to assess the dose-response relationship between serum ferritin (SF) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the two sexes.Methods We searched for articles on PubMed, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and the Web of Science databases that were published from 1950 to 2020. The summary odds ratio (OR) and 95％ confidence interval (CI) of the association between SF and MetS were estimated using a random-effects model through a meta-analysis. Based on the methods described by Greenland and Longnecker, we explored the dose-response relationship between the two sexes. Results This study included 14 studies and 74,710 samples. The results of the classical meta-analysis showed that SF was positively associated with MetS (OR = 1.77, 95％ CI: 1.59–1.98). Regarding the components of MetS (8 studies included), the results showed that SF was positively associated with abdominal obesity (OR = 1.42, 95％ CI: 1.24–1.62), elevated fasting plasma glucose (OR = 1.84, 95％ CI:1.50–2.25), elevated blood pressure (OR = 1.17, 95％ CI: 1.08–1.26), elevated triglycerides (OR = 2.09, 95％ CI: 1.72–2.54), and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR = 1.33, 95％ CI: 1.19–1.49). In the linear dose-response meta-analysis, the ORs of males, females, and postmenopausal females were 1.14 (95％ CI: 1.13–1.16), 1.32 (95％ CI: 1.26–1.39), and 1.34 (95％ CI: 1.22–1.47), respectively.Conclusions Our study shows that SF is significantly and positively associated with MetS, and the risk in the male population is higher than that in the female population. This finding also supports the recommendation of using SF as an early warning marker of MetS.     

Tobacco smoking and pulmonary tuberculosis: a case-control study

A case-control study was carried out to assess if the tobacco smoking is associated with development of active pulmonary tuberculosis in 153 cases with active pulmonary tuberculosis and 160 control subjects. Detailed information on smoking habits was collected from cases and controls using questionnaire. It was seen that tobacco smoking was associated with pulmonary tuberculosis. The estimated crude odd's ratio (OR) of the association was 1.66 (95% confidence interval: 1.01-2.73) . The age adjusted OR was 1.70 (95% CI: 1.01-2.88), p < 0.05. The increased risk for pulmonary tuberculosis was significant in men who had smoked for over 20 years (OR 3.07; 95% CI: 1.37-6.86). The adjusted OR for heavy smokers (more than 20 bidis per day) was 2.72 (95% CI: 1.19-6.20). There was a dose-response relationship between the number of bidis smoked daily and the risk of development of pulmonary tuberculosis. The study showed that tobacco smoking is associated with pulmonary tuberculosis, with a dose-response relationship with the number of bidis consumed daily.     

迷宫学习模型实验的时反应量-效关系

目的　分析学习记忆动物行为模型实验的时反应量 效关系指标。方法　应用Y型迷宫刺激器对大鼠进行空间学习记忆的行为模型实验。结果　测得大龄组 (约 12月 )和小龄组 (<4月 )大鼠达到学会标准前所需的刺激次数分别为 (32 .6 2± 2 0 .5 9)次 (n =2 1)和 (2 0 .6 2± 14.2 5 )次 (n =2 1,P <0 .0 5 ) ,学会时 9次正确反应的潜伏期分别为 (7.44± 2 .89)s和 (6 .93± 1.49)s(P >0 .0 5 ) ,并观察到刺激次数与逃避到安全区的潜伏期呈类双曲线型时反应量 效关系、刺激次数与移动正确率呈非线性正变关系。结论　迷宫学习模型实验存在特殊类型的时反应量 效关系。     

精神发育迟滞病因的Logistic回归分析

对太原市某培智学校100例精神发育迟滞（Mental retardation,MR）患儿进行1：2配比病例对照研究，例用条件Logistic回归模型进行多因素分析，24个因素中选出5个危险因素，分别为血缘关系，母孕期食绿叶菜少，儿童出生异常、儿童出生体重低、儿童中枢神经系统感染。并且母孕期食绿叶菜由多到少、儿童出生体重由高到低与患MR的相对危险性呈相反的剂量——反应关系。