腹腔镜保守性手术联合药物治疗中、重度子宫内膜异位症及地诺孕素治疗复发性子宫内膜异位症性盆腔痛的疗效分析

目的探讨腹腔镜保守性手术联合常用药物对中、重度子宫内膜异位症(EMS)的治疗效果,以及新型药物地诺孕素对复发性子宫内膜异位症性盆腔痛(EAPP)的有效性及安全性。方法对2007年1月—2014年1月行腹腔镜保守性手术治疗EMS的432例患者进行回顾性分析与随访,按照术后联合应用不同药物分为A组(单纯行腹腔镜保守性手术组)、B组(术后联合应用GnRH-a类药物组),C组[术后联合应用左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统(IUS-LNG)组],D组(术后联合应用孕三烯酮组)。14名EAPP复发患者每日口服地诺孕素2mg治疗6~13个周期。分析各组患者EAPP的缓解情况、EMS合并不孕患者的妊娠率与妊娠时间、EMS的复发率与复发时间;评估EAPP复发患者应用地诺孕素治疗的有效性及安全性。结果(1)4组EAPP患者治疗前后的中位视觉模拟评分(VAS)均得到明显改善;B组、C组患者的改善更为明显。(2)4组患者EMS术后复发率与复发时间比较无统计学差异。(3)A组、B组、D组合并不孕患者的术后妊娠率分别为40.00%、65.21%、50.00%;B组患者术后妊娠率更高。(4)应用地诺孕素治疗复发性EAPP的患者用药前后的VAS评分有统计学差异。结论(1)单纯行腹腔镜保守性手术与手术后联合应用药物均能改善EAPP,提高妊娠率。(2)联合应用GnRH-a类药物与IUS-LNG后EAPP改善更明显,联合应用GnRH-a类药物还可提高妊娠率,且不延长术后妊娠时间。(3)联合药物治疗后复发率与平均复发时间较单纯行腹腔镜保守性手术相比并未降低。(4)地诺孕素有望成为复发性EAPP理想的治疗药物。     

子宫内膜异位症腹腔镜手术后不同药物巩固治疗的疗效比较

目的:比较中重度子宫内膜异位症腹腔镜手术治疗后加用不同药物巩固治疗的效果。方法:45例患者术后不用药(A组);58例加用达那唑治疗(口服达那唑400mg,每日1次,疗程为6个月,B组);47例加用孕三烯酮治疗(口服孕三烯酮2.5mg,每周2次,疗程为6个月,C组);39例用促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(GnRH-a)治疗(皮下注射戈舍瑞林3.6mg,每月1次,疗程为6个月,D组)。比较4组患者术后复发、妊娠及用药副作用等情况。结果:术后2年A组复发率最高,显著高于其他3组(P<0.01);D组复发率最低,显著低于另3组(P<0.01),差异皆有统计学差异。B组和C组的复发率差异没有显著性(P>0.05)。4组不孕患者术后妊娠情况类似。结论:中重度子宫内膜异位症腹腔镜手术治疗后有必要加用药物巩固治疗,GnRH-a巩固治疗的疗效优于达那唑和孕三烯酮。术后药物治疗未能提高妊娠率。     

电视腹腔镜手术治疗子宫内膜异位症合并不孕128例临床效果分析

目的　探讨电视腹腔镜手术对子宫内膜异位症合并不孕患者的治疗效果 ,了解术后获得妊娠的时间分布特点。方法　收集自 1997年 1月至 1998年 12月在我院因不孕而接受电视腹腔镜手术治疗的子宫内膜异位症患者共 12 8例 ,按腹膜型子宫内膜异位症组和卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿组来进行统计 ,分析其手术后妊娠率及术后获得妊娠时间分布特点。结果　 12 8例患者术后随诊 10 6例 ,随访率为 82 81%。子宫内膜异位症合并不孕腹腔镜手术治疗后的总妊娠率为 5 0 0 0 % (5 3/ 10 6 ) ,其中腹膜型子宫内膜异位症行电灼术后妊娠率为 6 0 0 0 % (42 /70 ) ,子宫内膜异位囊肿术后妊娠率为 30 5 6 % (11/ 36 ) ,二者比较 ,差异有显著性意义 ,P <0 0 5。术后 18个月内获得妊娠者占 88 6 8% (47/ 5 3)。结论　电视腹腔镜手术集诊断和治疗于一体 ,可及时诊断引起不孕的病因 ,对子宫内膜异位症合并不孕患者的治疗有一定效果。如果患者术后一年半以上仍不怀孕 ,应采取其它辅助生育措施。     

保守性手术治疗对不同类型子宫内膜异位症合并不孕的疗效探讨

目的:探讨保守性手术以及手术联合药物治疗不同类型子宫内膜异位症合并不孕患者的疗效.方法:回顾性分析因子宫内膜异位症合并不孕而接受保守性手术治疗的患者共235例,随访12～36月(平均19.19±6.70月).结果:198例完成随访,随访率84.26%(198/235).术后妊娠率为35.86%(71/198),继发不孕者术后妊娠率明显高于原发不孕(54.55%VS 26.52%,P＜0.001).单纯腹膜型子宫内膜异位症、腹膜型联合卵巢内膜样囊肿合并不孕患者术后妊娠率明显高于腹膜型联合子宫腺肌病合并不孕患者(39.71%、37.96%VS 13.64%,P＜0.05).原发不孕和单纯腹膜型子宫内膜异位症合并不孕术后加用GnRH-a治疗组术后妊娠率高于未用药组(34.67%VS 17.39%,58.62%VS 25.71%,P＜0.05).结论:①保守性手术可提高术后妊娠率,尤其对继发不孕;②手术对于单纯腹膜型子宫内膜异位症以及腹膜型联合卵巢内膜样囊肿合并不孕患者有明显的疗效;③原发不孕以及单纯腹膜型子宫内膜异位症患者术后加用GnRH-a治疗可以增加术后妊娠率.     

腹腔镜术后联合药物治疗子宫内膜异位症合并不孕对妊娠结局的影响

目的 探讨腹腔镜术后联合药物治疗子宫内膜异位症合并不孕对妊娠结局的影响.方法 选取90例行腹腔镜手术治疗的子宫内膜异位症合并不孕患者,采用抽签法分为对照组、研究A组与研究B组,每组30例.对照组不采用药物治疗,研究A组采用孕三烯酮治疗,研究B组采用促性腺激素释放激素激动剂治疗.比较三组不同分期妊娠成功率、临床疗效及妊娠...     

子宫内膜异位症患者术后不孕原因分析

目的 :分析子宫内膜异位症伴不孕患者腹腔镜术与开腹手术后仍然不孕的原因。方法 :选择 10 3例有手术指征的子宫内膜异位症伴不孕患者 ,分为腹腔镜与开腹手术两组进行手术治疗 ,术后口服孕三烯酮 3～ 6个月 ,随访患者 2年内妊娠情况 ,分析术后不孕的原因。结果 :子宫内膜异位症伴不孕患者腹腔镜术后 2年内妊娠率为 5 5 .2 0 % ,开腹手术 5 0 .0 0 % ,总妊娠率为5 2 .74 % ,两组妊娠率差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;子宫内膜异位症分期程度与输卵管通畅程度差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。术后不孕原因中 ,输卵管不通占 37.2 1% (16 / 4 3) ,子宫腺肌病 13.95 % (6 /4 3) ,子宫内膜异位症复发 9.30 % (4/ 4 3) ,子宫内膜异位症合并子宫肌瘤 6 .98% (3/ 4 3) ,既往有两次开腹史者 4 .6 5 % (2 / 4 3)。另外还有 2 7.91% (12 / 4 3)输卵管通畅但不孕原因未明。结论 :治疗子宫内膜异位症伴不孕应选手术治疗 ,有条件首选腹腔镜手术 ;术后不孕与输卵管不通关系密切 ,子宫内膜异位症合并子宫肌瘤及腺肌病等也是不孕的原因。     

EMs生育指数对Ⅲ～Ⅳ期EMs合并不孕术后非ART妊娠结局的预测价值

目的:探讨子宫内膜异位症生育指数(EFI)对中重度(Ⅲ~Ⅳ期)子宫内膜异位症(EMs)相关不孕术后非辅助生殖技术(ART)妊娠结局的预测价值。方法:回顾性分析北京大学深圳医院2011年1月—2012年12月行腹腔镜手术治疗的Ⅲ~Ⅳ期EMs合并不孕患者48例,按照EFI评分标准进行评分,随访其妊娠结局。结果:48例患者术后2年累积非ART妊娠25例(52.1%),术后6个月非ART妊娠20例(41.7%),术后7~12个月非ART妊娠4例(8.3%),术后13~24个月非ART妊娠1例(2.1%),随访不同时间段非ART妊娠率差异有统计学意义(χ2=30.301,P=0.000)。术后2年累积非ART妊娠率与EFI评分及术后是否使用促排卵治疗有关(P0.05),而与r-AFS分期无关(P0.05)。EFI评分的受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积(AUC)为0.681(95%CI:0.527~0.834,P=0.033)。通过ROC曲线确定的EFI预测术后2年内非ART妊娠的临界值为5.5分(约登指数最大),其预测的敏感度为85.2%,特异度为42.9%。结论:EFI对于中重度EMs合并不孕患者术后非ART妊娠率有较好的预测价值。     

卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿合并不孕患者术后治疗探讨

目的:探讨卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿合并不孕的患者术后治疗策略。方法:将腹腔镜下卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿剥除术后要求妊娠的62例不孕患者随机分为期待组(n=31)和GnRH-a组(n=31)。期待组腹腔镜手术后随访观察,避免使用激素类药物;GnRH-a组腹腔镜手术后月经第1日给予GnRH-a治疗:达菲林3.75 mg皮下注射,1次/28 d,连用3次停药。所有患者随访24个月,观察24个月内妊娠情况。结果:期待组12个月内妊娠率为41.9%(13/31),13~24个月内妊娠率为22.2%(4/31),24个月累积妊娠率为54.8%(17/31)。GnRH-a组1年内妊娠率为48.4%(15/31),13~24个月内妊娠率为18.8%(3/31),24个月累积妊娠率为58.1%(18/31)。期待组与GnRH-a组比较,12个月内妊娠率、24个月累积妊娠率组间均无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:初步临床观察,卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿剥除术后使用GnRH-a在提高EMs合并不孕患者妊娠率方面未显示出优势。     

重度子宫内膜异位症术后使用GnRH-a与孕三烯酮的临床观察

目的:观察重度子宫内膜异位症术后使用孕三烯酮部份替代促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(GnRH-a)其复发和妊娠的临床效果。方法:将61例分期为Ⅲ期或Ⅳ期的子宫内膜异位症腹腔镜手术后的患者随机分为两组:GnRH-a组33例,术后每4周皮下注射GnRH-a 3.75 mg,共6个月;GnRH-a和孕三烯酮组28例,术后先用3个月的GnRH-a,然后口服孕三烯酮胶囊3个月,2.5mg/次,每周2次。比较两组的术后子宫内膜异位症复发率、妊娠率和副反应情况。结果:随访GnRH-a和孕三烯酮组术后2年的复发率和累积妊娠率与GnRH-a组相似,分别为24.2%和21.4%、57.9%和56.3%,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);GnRH-a组患者不规则子宫出血率少于GnRH-a和孕三烯酮组,分别为6.1%和28.6%,差异有统计学意义;两组肝酶升高、骨密度异常和低雌激素症状的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:重度子宫内膜异位症患者腹腔镜保守术后注射GnRH-a3个月后口服孕三烯酮3个月的疗效与单用GnRH-a 6个月疗效相当,且副反应相似,但经济负担减轻,有利于基层推广使用。     

子宫内膜异位症不孕患者腹腔镜术后妊娠影响因素分析

目的:探讨子宫内膜异位症(EMs)不孕患者腹腔镜术后影响妊娠的因素。方法:回顾分析2006年1月至2011年6月在北京朝阳医院妇产科行腹腔镜手术且随访资料完整的230例EMs合并不孕患者的临床资料,采用logistic回归分析法分析妊娠的相关影响因素。结果:(1)腹腔镜术后妊娠率为58.3%(134/230),其中术后1年内妊娠者100例,占74.6%。使用孕三烯酮者87例,其中47例(54.0%)妊娠,1年内妊娠者36例;使用GnRH-a者143例,其中87例(60.8%)妊娠,1年内妊娠64例。(2)单因素分析显示,年龄、既往有妊娠史、术中行道格拉斯窝重建、术后GnRH-a治疗与术后妊娠率有关。Logistic多因素回归分析结果显示,年龄(OR=0.757,P=0.001)、既往有妊娠史(OR=0.975,P=0.042)、术中行道格拉斯窝重建(OR=0.553,P=0.035)、术后GnRH-a治疗(OR=0.544,P=0.029)为术后妊娠的保护性因素。结论:腹腔镜术中彻底切除病灶,术后给予积极药物治疗,可提高术后妊娠率。     

子宫内膜异位症生育指数与相关不孕患者腹腔镜术后妊娠的相关性

目的 评价子宫内膜异位症(内异症)生育指数与内异症不孕患者腹腔镜术后妊娠的相关性.方法 回顾性分析2005年1月至2010年1月350例行腹腔镜手术治疗的内异症相关不孕患者的病史及手术资料,电话随访其术后的妊娠情况.按照内异症生育指数的评分标准计算生育指数,利用Kaplan-Meier生存分析法计算不同分值患者的累积妊娠率,并进行比较.结果 内异症生育指数8、9、10分患者术后36个月的累积妊娠率分别为62.5％、69.8％、81.1％,3者间比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.24);5、6、7分患者术后36个月累积妊娠率分别为49.8％、43.9％、41.6％,3者间比较,差异也无统计学意义(P=0.83).但8～10分患者术后36个月的总累积妊娠率为71.8％,5～7分患者为44.4％,两者比较,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.000).0～4分患者例数较少(共33例),其中15例妊娠.结论 内异症生育指数与内异症相关不孕患者腹腔镜术后的妊娠率相关.内异症生育指数对指导术后处理的选择且有重要的临床意义.     

腹腔镜术后应用促性腺激素释放激素激动剂对Ⅰ期子宫内膜异位症不孕患者生育能力的影响

目的 探讨Ⅰ期子官内膜异佗症(内异症)不孕患者腹腔镜术后应用促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(GnRH-a)辅助治疗对生育能力的影响.方法 选择2006年1月-2008年6月于北京大学人民医院经腹腔镜证实为Ⅰ期内异症(即微小病变内异症)并排除其他不孕因素的不孕患者102例,经宫腔镜检查及腹腔镜盆腔内异症病灶电凝术后,根据患者意愿分为GnRH-a组60例和财照组42例,GnRH-a组于腹腔镜术后肌内注射GnRH-a 1-2次,每次3.6 mg;对照组不采用GnRH-a治疗.所有患者术后随访24个月,比较两组患者的妊娠结局及生育能力(定义为每月每100例中妊娠的例数,以百分率表示).结果 GnRH-a组的总临床妊娠率为78%(47/60),高于对照组[55%(23/42)],差异有统计学意义(χ~2=6.376,P=0.012);GnRH-a组的流产率为19%(9/47),对照组为13%(3/23),两组间比较,差异尤统计学意义(χ~2=0.089,P=0.465).GnRH-a组及对照组术后月生育能力分别为6.17%和3.26%,两组间相对危险度(RR)比值为1.9(95%CI:1.1～3.0).结论 Ⅰ期内异症患者经腹腔镜治疗后应用小剂量GnRH-a可提高术后妊娠率及生育能力.     

Laparoscopic surgery for endometriosis: a long-term follow-up

OBJECTIVE: To investigate if complete resolution of endometriosis by laparoscopic surgery is beneficial to postoperative fecundity, dysmenorrhea and dyspareunia. DESIGN: An observational comparative study on the outcome of laparoscopic surgery. Patients: Laparoscopically-treated symptomatic women with endometriosis (total n = 236); complete (n = 185) and incomplete (n = 51) surgery groups. MEASUREMENTS: Postoperative fecundity and symptom reduction. RESULTS: With whole populations, no surgical completeness-related difference was observed in cumulative pregnancy rates during the postoperative days 0-400 (cycle fecundity rate = 0.0319). Further accumulation of pregnant cases was followed in the complete surgery group (final cumulative pregnancy rate = 80%), but not in the counterpart group (p = 0.003). The similar result was obtained when only r-AFS classification stages III and IV were compared (p = 0.007). No r-AFS stage-related difference was observed in cumulative pregnancy rates when only patients of complete surgery were selected for comparison. The surgery reduced dysmenorrhea (84.7%) and dyspareunia (80.0%). CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic conservative surgery for endometriosis, especially when it is complete, increases fecundity and reduces disease-related symptoms, such as dysmenorrhea and dyspareunia.     

Pregnancy rates after laparoscopic treatment. Differences related to tubal status and presence of endometriosis

OBJECTIVE: To examine how preexisting tubal adhesions and endometriosis affect pregnancy outcome after laparoscopic treatment in infertile women with no apparent causes of infertility other than tubal factors. STUDY DESIGN: Pregnancy outcomes in 186 infertile women for a follow-up period of 18 months after laparoscopy were analyzed. Laparoscopic manipulations consisted of adhesiolysis of tubes and removal of endometriotic lesions. RESULTS: The patients were classified into three groups, those with no tubal adhesions (group A, n = 83), unilateral tubal adhesions (group B, n = 46) and bilateral tubal adhesions with at least one tube patent (group C, n = 57). The cumulative pregnancy rate in group C (13.2%) was lower than in groups A (41.8%) and B (45.7%) 18 months after laparoscopy. The average time to conception in group A (6.7 +/- 0.8 months) tended to be shorter than that in group B (10.6 +/- 1.2 months). In group A, pregnancy rates were essentially the same between minimal/mild endometriosis and moderate/severe endometriosis. Regarding group B, women with minimal/mild endometriosis exhibited significantly higher pregnancy rates than those with moderate/severe endometriosis, while pregnancy rates in women without endometriosis fell in between. CONCLUSION: Pregnancy rates after laparoscopic treatment are different in relation to tubal status and the presence of endometriosis.     

Does ovulation induction affect the pregnancy rate after laparoscopic treatment of endometriosis?

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of ovulation induction after laparoscopic treatment of endometriosis in an infertile population. DESIGN: An observational prospective study in which infertility cases were treated with laparoscopic surgery was followed up (mean 11 months), either by treatment (ovulation induction) or no further treatment (expectant management) and the outcomes recorded. In both groups pregnancies were compared by Cox's regression survival model. SETTING: Gazi University Hospital, Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, Ankara, Turkey. PATIENTS: Infertile women with different stages of endometriosis who were treated by laparoscopic surgery, with a mean duration of infertility of 80.7 (+/-50 [SD]) months. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were treated by cauterization of the foci, adhesiolysis, endometrioma stripping, and distal tubal reconstruction according to their lesions. Postoperatively, patients had either ovulation induction (clomiphene, hMG) therapy or no further treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Cumulative pregnancy rate of infertile women after laparoscopic treatment of endometriosis with or without ovulation induction. RESULTS: A total of 36 out of 128 patients became pregnant after laparoscopy, with a 34% cumulative pregnancy rate. In the ovulation induction group, relative risk (chance) of pregnancy was 1.42 (1.02-2.05, 95 % CI) when the duration of infertility was less than 5 years. In this lower risk group, the overall cumulative pregnancy rate was 46%--56% and 27% for the ovulation induction and expectant management groups, respectively. In the expectant management group, per cycle fecundity was 0.021, whereas it was 0.066 and 0.174 (p = 0.001) in the clomiphene citrate- and hMG-treated patients, respectively. Expectant management significantly increased the likelihood of pregnancy compared to ovulation induction in previous pregnancy, stage 1 or 2 endometriosis, and no male infertility groups (p = 0.04-0.009). CONCLUSION: After laparoscopic treatment of endometriosis, ovulation induction has a positive effect only if done with hMG and the duration of infertility was less than 5 years (P<.05).     

Endometriosis and infertility Surgery and ART: An integrated approach for successful management

OBJECTIVES: Laparoscopy is considered the gold standard for treatment of endometriosis. In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) is often used to treat women with infertility associated with endometriosis. The objective of the study was to evaluate the pregnancy rate after surgical treatment and to assess whether a combined approach with laparoscopic surgery followed by IVF-ET can improve the "overall" pregnancy rate. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective observational study was carried out on 107 infertile patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery for endometriosis and came at follow-up for a period of time between 1 and 11 years. Sixty-seven patients who did not become pregnant after surgery subsequently underwent IVF-ET. RESULTS: The pregnancy rate achieved after the integrated laparoscopy-IVF approach was 56.1%. The pregnancy rate after surgery, was significantly lower (37.4%). The fecundity rate for spontaneous conceptions within 6 months of laparoscopy (23.2%) was significantly higher (P<0.05) than for the following intervals. The cumulative fecundity in women older than 35 years was significantly lower than in younger women. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with endometriosis-associated infertility, surgery followed by IVF-ET is more effective than surgery alone. When patients fail to conceive spontaneously, after a maximum of 1 year from laparoscopic surgery, IVF should be suggested.     

Ⅲ～Ⅳ期子宫内膜异位症患者保守性手术后的结局分析

目的探讨Ⅲ～Ⅳ期子宫内膜异位症患者保守性手术后的复发和妊娠结局。方法回顾性分析90例Ⅲ～Ⅳ期子宫内膜异位症患者的临床资料,均行保留子宫和部分卵巢的保守性手术。16例患者单纯行保守性手术（术后未用药,A组）,52例术后予孕三烯酮治疗（B组）,22例术后予促性腺激素释放激素激动剂（GnRHa）治疗（C组）。3组中不孕症患者分别是10、15和10例。随访24～84个月（中位时间是48．5个月）,比较3组患者的术后复发、妊娠情况及妊娠结局。结果A、B、C3组的复发率分别是18．8％（3／16）、30．8％（16／52）和13．6％（3／22）,3组比较,差异无统计学意义（P=0．247）;3组的平均复发时间分别是术后63．8、63．3和47．6个月,3组比较,差异无统计学意义（P=0．376）。3组中不孕症患者,术后累积妊娠率分别是70．0％（7／10）、66．7％（10／15）和60．O％（6／10）,3组间比较,差异无统计学意义（P=0．890）;术后首次妊娠距手术的时间间隔比较,差异无统计学意义（P=0．092）;而且65．2％（15／23）是在术后1年内自然妊娠。结论保守性手术后采用孕三烯酮或GnRHa巩固治疗未能延缓复发时间,也不能降低复发率。手术能改善Ⅲ～Ⅳ期患者的生育力,但术后药物治疗不能提高妊娠率。     

YAG laser contact therapy of ovarian endometriosis under laparoscopy]

Thirty-six patients with ovarian endometriosis were treated with Nd:YAG laser contact irradiation under laparoscopic control. Indications for laparoscopy were infertility (n = 20) and dysmenorrhea (n = 16). The laparoscopic procedures so far undertaken in our clinic include: Aspiration of chocolate cyst, removal of ovarian endometriosis, adhesion-lysis, uterine nerve ablation, coagulation of peritoneal endometriosis and irrigation. No complications were seen. After undergoing this procedure, eight of 20 patients achieved pregnancy and 15 of 16 patients obtained pain relief. Serum CA125 levels were significantly decreased postoperatively. We confirmed that contact irradiation with a cone-shaped sapphire probe provides adequate incision and lysis at lower power levels, and that this method is an effective treatment for ovarian endometriosis.     

Effectiveness of postoperative adjuvant therapy in improving reproductive outcome of endometriosis-associated infertility.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Treatment of endometriosis-associated infertility has not yet become standardized. Various protocols including surgical treatment, medical therapy, and a combination of both have been suggested but their use remains controversial. The objective of the present study was to determine whether postoperative adjuvant therapy for endometriosis is effective in improving reproductive outcome. METHODS: Medical records of infertile patients with newly diagnosed endometriosis treated in a university teaching hospital during a 50-month period were reviewed. After exclusion of patients with other major infertility factors, a total of 209 patients were included in the retrospective analysis. These patients were divided into those receiving (n = 78) or not receiving (n = 131) peri- or postoperative adjuvant medical therapy. The adjuvant therapies included danazol (n = 62), gonadotropin releasing hormone analogues (n = 11), progestins (n = 3), oral contraceptives (n = 1), and mixed treatment (n = 1). RESULTS: The pregnancy rate was lower in those receiving adjuvant therapy, although this result was not significant (32.1% vs 45.8%; p = 0.05). When patients using postoperative danazol therapy were considered alone, the pregnancy rate in patients receiving adjuvant therapy was significantly lower than that in patients not receiving it (p = 0.047). When the stage of endometriosis was considered, the pregnancy rate in patients receiving adjuvant therapy was again lower than in those not receiving it in patients with minimal or mild endometriosis (42.9% vs 60%; p = 0.043). However, in patients with moderate or severe endometriosis, the pregnancy rate was not different in the two groups (31% vs 36%; p = 0.56). Postoperative assisted reproductive techniques (ART) including controlled ovarian hyperstimulation/intrauterine insemination (COH/IUI) and in vitro fertilization (IVF) were effective in improving the pregnancy rates for all patients (53.9% with ART vs 33.1% without; p = 0.003) and for patients with advanced endometriosis (47.7% with ART vs 27.2% without; p = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that postoperative adjuvant therapy is ineffective in improving reproductive outcome in patients with either early (minimal or mild) or advanced (moderate and severe) endometriosis. This finding suggests that if fertility is the goal of treatment, adjuvant therapy may be unnecessary after surgery. In contrast, our data suggest that empirical ART, including COH/IUI or IVF, may be a better alternative to improve the pregnancy outcome after surgery.     

Ovarian endometriomas: Effect of laparoscopic cystectomy on ovarian response in IVF-ET cycles

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the follicular response to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) in IVF-ET cycles after laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy for large endometriomas. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In the set of a retrospective controlled study, the medical records of 113 infertile women who underwent IVF-ET cycles after laparoscopic surgery were reviewed. The study group (A) consisted of 63 patients with severe pelvic endometriosis and endometrioma excision. The control group (B) consisted of 50 infertile patients with mild or minimal endometriosis. Interventions were laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy in the study group, and COH in both groups. RESULTS: Groups A and B were not different in terms of epidemiologic data. The total numbers of recruited follicles (9.1+/-3.3 vs 10.6+/-4.2; P = 0.001), mature follicles (> or =16 mm) (4.2+/-1.7 vs 4.8+/-2.2; P = 0.04), mature oocytes retrieved (5.8+/-3.8 vs 7.4+/-4.6; P = 0.02), and fertilization rate (48.9+/-34.9 vs 61.8+/-32.1%; P = 0.02) observed in group A were lower than those observed in group B, respectively. While the mean number of rFSH ampoules (75 IU) was increased in group A (38.1+/-20.4) compared to group B (29.3+/-16.4; P = 0.004), cumulative pregnancy rates were similar in both groups (27.5+/-8.8% vs 37.2+/-10.6%; P = 0.37). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Ovarian response was reduced during IVF-ET cycles in patients with history of severe endometriosis and laparoscopic excision of endometriomas compared to women with mild or minimal endometriosis without ovarian surgery.